2018 International Conference on Forward- looking Water Management Taipei, Taiwan, 7-9 November 2018

CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE OF

DISASTER PREVENTION IN MALAYSIA

Dr. Norlida Mohd Dom Deputy Director

UNESCO Head of Coordination

The Regional Humid Tropics Hydrology and Water Resources Centre for Southeast Asia and The Pacific

Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Malaysia

9 November 2018

Ministry of Water, Land and Natural Resources

1

Water and Environment, Water and Security, Water and Development Strategies to Climate Change for the Water Infrastructure in New Southbound Countries

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

5. CONCLUSION

4. WAY FORWARD & CHALLENGES

3. PROBLEM STATEMENT & MEASURES

2. GOVERNEMENT INITIATIVES

1. BACKGROUND

CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE OF DISASTER PREVENTION IN MALYSIA

The Theme

Strategies to Climate Change for the Water Infrastructure in New Southbound Countries

(Selamat M.K, 2018)

2018 International Conference on Forward-looking Water Management Taipei, Taiwan, 7-9 November 2018

1880 2310 2350 2420

2190 1830 1880 2470 2470

3310

2600 2560

3640

3100

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Rai

nfa

ll (m

m)

State

Average Annual Rainfall 2,940 mm

1.BACKGROUND

TOTAL RAINFALL

971 BCM

SURFACE RUNOFF 494 BCM = 51.0%

GROUND WATER 63 BCM = 6.5%

EVAPORATION 413 BCM = 42.5%

DEMAND 20.0 BCM

USABLE WATER STORAGE

14 BCM

NET REQUIRED 6.0 BCM (RIVERS)

82% unaccounted for water usage

Intake & storage

Pengunna lur Bandar yg tiada meter activities So x cukup 6bcm masa kemarau: so kena identify the methods

84 total dam 79 hydro electric

CLIMATE CHANGE Derived problems

5

FLASH FLOOD INTANGIBLED BY

BELOW THE ATMOSPHERE

& ABOVE THE WATER SURFACE???

Source:Hendrik Wouters, 2014

LOCAL EFFECT URBAN HEAT ISLANDS

1983 1986

1995 1996

2005 2014

2015

2016

1982

• DROUGHT

Estimate Return Period for Selected Cases

GLOBAL EFFECT El Niño and La Niña Years and Intensities

Based on Oceanic Niño Index (ONI)

• FLOODS

WATER SCARCITY WATER SURPLUS

Malaysia

• Water Resource Security Issues

• Flood

• Drought

• Water Resource Sustainability Issues

• Ecosystem sustainability

• Economic sustainability

WATER RESOURCES SECURITY AND SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES IN MALAYSIA

Flood

Drought Economic sustainability

Ecosystem sustainability

Ecosystem sustainability

S.Rejang

S.Sadong

S.Rejang

S.Sadong

S.Sarawak

S.Sarawak

KucingKucing

SARAWAK

S.BaramS.Baram

LABUAN

KotaKinabalu

KotaKinabaluSABAH

S.KinabatanganS.Kinabatangan

FLOOD PRONE AREA (EAST MALAYSIA)

S.Rejang

S.Sadong

S.Rejang

S.Sadong

S.Sarawak

S.Sarawak

KucingKucing

SARAWAK

S.BaramS.Baram

LABUAN

KotaKinabalu

KotaKinabaluSABAH

S.KinabatanganS.Kinabatangan

FLOOD PRONE AREA (EAST MALAYSIA)

Flood Prone Areas

INFRASTRUCTURE

1910’s

1960’s

1970’s

- Treating stormwater to improve water quality

- Sustainable Urban

Drainage Systems

- Lack of mandatory service standards and infrastructure planning

- Drainage and flood protection standards introduced, Rapid disposal, Conveyance Oriented

- Engineering solutions to historical problems

- Total water cycle

management - integrated water

resource management

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT OLUTION 1910’S TO 2011

2010’s - IHP VIII (2014-2021) Water Security: Responses to Local and Global Challenges. incorporating medium-term strategies

1990’s

2000’s

1980’s

Shorpy, 2017

The Francis Fifth Collection

1980’s

- River Restoration / rehabilitation (- Soft engineering solutions)

River Aire constructed in the 1930s (ResearchGate, 2017)

(Hawkins Partners, Inc., 2017)

7

1980’s

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT infrastructure evolution

The earlier solution

2. GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES

8

3. PROBLEM STATEMENT & MEASURES

Due to global and local effect of CC

C1: RIVER CLEANING COMPONENT/STRUCTURE MEASURE

To Improve Water Quality of the rivers by year 2020 • 110 km of stream to be improved

• 8 rivers

• Current progress 86% (Planning: 87%)

• 76 packages • Complete : 54 • On Going : 122 • Implementation Period 2011 - 2020

2018 WQI

64.0 (Class III)

Before RoL

54.0

Pollution Source

80.1% STP + sewerage 3.9% Restaurant/ Food court/ Food stall

3.4% Industries

River Water Purification Experiment at Sg. Kuyoh by

IDI Japan, 2004

Sg. Kemensah RoL RWTP, 2018

MINISTRY OF LAND, INFRASTRUCTURE AND TRANSPORT, JAPAN; DEPARTMENT OF

IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE MALAYSIA; INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE

JAPAN, 2004

9

THE PROBLEM STATEMENT : Water and Environment

River of Life (RoL)

Plan Constructed Planning

• 10 SWTP

• 15 RWTP (overall 12 km

pipeline)

• 4 SWTP • 7 RWTP

(2.2km pipeline)

• 6 SWTP • 8 RWTP (9.6 km)

River Water treatment Plants

Promote, enforce, and manage river cleanliness and health erosion from urban development

ESCP, MSMA , OPS LUMPURmud operation

10

Biomedia in Biological River Water Purification The technologies based on experiences in Japan, Korea and Singapore.

THE PROBLEM STATEMENT : Water and Environment

THE RESULTS SHOULD ALMOST

A. Gani & M.K. ZainalFikry, 2017

15 Sept 2017

SWALE

PONDING , 3”

SWALE

FLOOD PLAIN

DRY POND 11

SS about 100 – 200 mg/L During flood event

THE PROBLEM STATEMENT : Water & Environment

Reducing water quantity & quality

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Jalan Perak (KL) inundated with flood waters.

Friday, 15 Sep 2017

(STAR, 2017)

THE PROBLEM STATEMENT: Water & Security

Water Security Issues : Drought (2014) THE PROBLEM STATEMENT: Water & Security

Landuse/ New land development in the catchment

> 50 ha. New opened area in the upstream of the catchment resulted in high and rapid direct runoff

14

THE PROBLEM STATEMENT : Water and Development

LAND DEVELOPMENT COMPONENT THE MEASURES

• to develop potential government land along the 10.7-km River Beautification corridor to recoup the RM4.4 billion costs associated with cleaning and beautification.

• Potential government lands identified and have been frozen from sale

• Providing adequate level of flood mitigation protection to the project area

• Enhancing, rehabilitating and preserving the river and its environment compatible with the envisaged Greater Kuala Lumpur City status for the project area 15

Water Quality to Class IIB by year 2020.

Greater Kuala Lumpur City status.

PWTC

Kolam Kg Benteng

Kolam Takungan

Jinjang Kolam Takungan Batu

Kolam Kg Puah

BATU DAM

Masjid Jamek

Kolam Kg Berembang

Kolam Taman Desa

(36.6 mcm) (25.1 mcm)

KLANG GATES DAM

Kolam Pulapol

Kolam Boyan

Kolam Setapak

Jaya ‘OS’

Sri Rampai ‘OS’

Air Panas

‘OS’ Titiwangsa

1

2

2

10

1

12 3

8 9

3

11

13 5

7

15 4

4

5

8

9

14

11 12

7

6

10

6

Keroh River Diversion (2.2 km)

SMART Bypass Tunnel

(9.7 km)

Sg. Bunus Flood Mitigation Works Gombak River

Diversion (3.375 km)

BLUE POND

Major River (DID)

- Kuala Lumpur Flood Management (KLFM) (ARI 100)

- Flood Ponds are maintained by :

12 Pond

15 Pondam

JPS

DBKL

Storages Effectiveness

18

Ecohydrology

IWRM

ECOHYDROLOGY an interdisciplinary field studying the interactions between water and ecosystem

20

21

WE NEED TO MOVE on……

TRANSFORMING THE WATER SECTOR

TRANSFORMING THE WATER SECTOR

TRA

NSF

OR

MIN

G T

HE

WA

TER

SEC

TOR

TRA

NSF

OR

MIN

G T

HE

WA

TER

SEC

TOR

TRANSFORMING THE WATER SECTOR

HOW…

22

TRANSFORMING THE WATER SECTOR

TRA

NSF

OR

MIN

G T

HE

WA

TER

SEC

TOR

TRA

NSF

OR

MIN

G T

HE

WA

TER

SEC

TOR

TRANSFORMING THE WATER SECTOR

IWRM PARADIGM

THINK SCIENCE, CELEBRATE TECHNOLOGY, INSPIRE INNOVATION

Promote IWRM @

Ministry level

23

IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION

CROSS-FUNCTIONAL DECISIONS

Departmental

SUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (SWRM) structural & non structural

11th MALAYSIA PLAN 2016-2020 ANCHORING GROWTH ON RESILIENCE PEOPLE- INVOLVE ALL AGENCIES AND STAKEHOLDERS

STRENGTHENING RESILIENCE AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE & NATURAL DISASTERS

STRENGTHENING THE ENABLING ENVIRONMENT FOR GREEN GROWTH

ADOPTING THE SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION & PRODUCTION CONCEPT

CONSERVING NATURAL RESOURCES FOR PRESENT & FUTURE GENERATIONS

11th MALAYSIA

PLAN 2016-2020

24

CLIMATE CHANGE

W.RESOURCE &

W.LIVELIHOOD

Non structural & structural measures

KEMENTERIAN WILAYAH

PERSEKUTUAN

Transforming the water sector into a vibrant and liveable

waterfront with high economic

value

25

INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

Ministry of Water, Land and Natural Resources (KATS)

Ministry of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment & Climate Change (MESTECC)

Some…

MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS

INSTITUTIONAL SETUP

ENABLING ENVIRONMENT

DSAN

RUU

PRAB

NAWABS

MSAN

(IRBM/ILBM/IFM/ISMP/ICZM)

MALAYSIA IWRM

Launched on 24 Mac 2012 - 5 Working Groups

- Roadshow 14 States - Cabinet approval

- Phase 1 launched Dec 2017: 2018 - Capacity Bulidings in PRABN & New Employment

REBRANDING

JPS JSA

MSAN No.11 - Interbasin - Groundwater Exploration - Rainwater Harvesting

- Sg.Muda (end of 2018) and Phase 1 by 2019 - 1st Phase 7 river basins

Water Bil

Flood Forecasting & Warning Project Water Resources Policy

National Water Resources Council

26

CURRENT

Management Instruments

National Flood Forecasting and Warning System (NaFFWS) -Flood forecasting model for 3 major river basin - To provide information of impending flood situation with lead time of more than 2 days warning.

National Water Balance Management System (NAWABS) - To assist the state on

water resources management.

- To develop and provide a water balance model for 5 major river basins.

National Flood Forecasting and Warning System (NaFFWS)

OLD SYSTEM

RAIN/WATER/ STREAMFLOW

(JPS/DID)

WEATHER FORECAST (MET MALAYSIA)

FLOOD FORECASTING MODEL 6 RIVER BASINS

(1981-2014)

FLOOD FORECASTING PREPARATION

FLOOD WARNING DISSEMINATION

DAY BEFORE FLOOD

HOUR BEFORE FLOOD

NaFFWS SYSTEM

RIVER BASINS

MILL. ESTIMATED

COST

DEVELOPMENT

1ST PHASE – 3 BASINS

DAY BEFORE FLOOD

HOUR BEFORE FLOOD

FORECAST

WARNING

28

LOW HEAD BARRAGE

DESALINATION

Water reuse Sewerage

RAINWATER HARVESTING

SYSTEM

UPPER STORAGE

New Surface

STORAGE INCREMENT

Dam/Resevoir

GROUNDWATER EXPLORATION

THE COMPONENT What to do

Nationl Water Balance Management System

INTER-BASIN WATER

TRANSFER

WATER AUDITING

WATER ACCOUNTING

WATER AVAILABILITY

WATER ALLOCATION

WATER STORING AND RELEASING DURING HIGH & LOW FLOW

OPTION AVAILABLE FOR WATER RESOURCES

WATER PRIORITIZATION AND DEMAND MANAGEMENT

OPTIONS

WATER QUALITY (SALINITY, SEDIMENT

TRANSPORT AND TURBIDITY)

WATER RESOURCES INDEX

(WRI) AND DROUGHT INDEX

(DI)

1st Phase

7 River Basins

2nd Phase

12 River Basins

HOLISTIC

SOLUTION

Sg.Muda, Sg.Kedah, Sg.Bernam, Sg.Melaka, Sg.Klang,, Sg. Kelantan,

Sg.imilajau

THE SYSTEM OUTPUT 2-month prediction

2-week warning

11th MP

3rd Phase

31 River Basins

River of Life (RoL) Goals: Transforming Klang and Gombak

Rivers into a vibrant and liveable waterfront with high economic value

River Cleaning

River Beautification River Development

• Clean and improve the 110km stretch along the Klang River basin from current Class III-V to Class IIB by 2020

• Covers the municipal areas of: Selayang (MPS) Ampang Jaya (MPAJ) Kuala Lumpur (DBKL)

• Masterplanning and beautification works will be carried out along a 10.7km stretch along the Klang and Gombak river corridor

• Significant landmarks in the area include Dataran Merdeka, Bangunan Sultan Abdul Samad and Masjid Jamek

• Cleaning and beautification works will spur economic investments into the areas immediately surrounding the river corridor

• Potential government land identified and will be tendered out to the private developers through competetive bidding

2011 2020

PILOT PROJECT RoL

30

HELP is designed to change this by creating a new approach to integrated basins management. It is a problem- and demand-driven initiative that addresses five key policy issues: • Water and climate • Water and food • Water quality and human

health • Water and the

environment • Water and conflict

HELP BASINS (Hydrology for the Environment, Life and Policy)

Demonstration Evolving Operational Operational

An acronym for Hydrology for the Environment, Life and Policy (Ted Engman, North American RCU)

A cross-cutting interdisciplinary initiative –since 1999 (IHP UNESCO)

Established in 1999, HELP is a cross-cutting programme component: it interacts with all five core themes of the programme by establishing a global network of basins to improve the links between hydrology and the needs of society

IWRM- Klang & Langat Rivers

33

Journal Water Management Curricula & Customising IWRM

Technical Reports , Manual & Proceedings

RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, INNOVATION & COMMERCIALISATION (R,D,I&C)(SDG 9) Publications

(Hardcopy & Digital)

SUBJECT MATTER EXPERT

UNIVERSITIY

FINANCIAL

34 34

26rd Regional Steering Committee for Southeast Asia and the Pacific (RSC),

3rd-5th November 2018

Regional Workshop: Pathway Towards Improved Water Education Curricula, 27-28 November 2017, Penang, Malaysia

Korea International Water Week (KIWW 2018) at Exco, Daegu Rep of

Korea, 12th-15th September 2018

PARTNERSHIPS-STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT (NBOS)(SDG 17)

Expert Meeting on Establishment of the regional Platform on the Member

States’s SETI Capacity, Jakarta, 17th-19th October 2018

35

4. WAY FORWARD

MANAGING DISASTER DUE TO CLIMATE

CHANGE

36

Pathway

~Asian Perspective

THE DID SYSTEM

The Development

2016-2020 MEDIUM & LONG TERM

Weather Forecast

Instrument &

Communication Flood Warning

& Dessimination

Applied Research

Institutional Memory

NaWFFS PHASE 2

Demand Driven

System Architecture (Database &

System Management)

MoF Fund

Data Filtering & Filling

Flood Forecasting

Model

37

SUSTAINABILITY RE-ENGINEERING PROJECT

Back to fundamentals

KEY STRATEGIES

• Catchment and zonation in National Structure Plan

• Multi-agency management attention

• Proposed as stated in National Physical Plan

• Management planning to synchronize with Local Areas Planning.

• Endorsement by policy makers & state authority

39

40

POLICIES Malaysia ‘National Physical Plan’:

A Five years Strategic Planning. Some of them are as listed below:

• Water Resources: National Water Resources Council (MSAN), NWRP (National Water Resources Policy), IRBM, ,IWRM, MSMA; MWP, GWP, National Land Council (MTAN), National Forestry Council and National Mineral Council; Hydrological Procedure (HP1), etc.

• Environmental Sensitive Areas (ESA)

Guidelines for State Land Logging

Guidelines for Agriculture Development-

Forestry (National Forestry Act of 1984/ 1993 )

National Slope Master Plan 2009-2023

• Local Areas Planning: Policy statements in planning and protecting green areas – ex;

Kuala Lumpur Structure Plan 2020

• A strategy for integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use.

• Framework for action under CBD

• Endorsement by policy makers & state authority

ETC.

THE CHALLENGES

• IRBM based on Land use planning + storm water management manual (MSMA) + on-site flood detention is essential. Because of land constraints

– options are running out.

• Biggest issue on land acquisition

– administrative/ cost/social/political implications

41 50

42

THE CHALLENGES (cont’)

• Rapid population increase

• Limited potential land for development

• Competing demand of land for various uses

• Maintenance Cost

• Living with floods

43

THE CONCLUSION

• DISASTER PREVENTION is uneven across

countries;

• DISASTER MANGEMENT is case specific;

• POLICY change needs optimal governance;

• PARTNERSHIPS are key for knowledge-

building and problem solving; and

• ECOHYDROLOGY is a promising

customisation tool in IWRM.

SCIENCE TO POLICY INTERFACE

44

Acknowledgement

• Water Resources Agency, MOEA, Taiwan, R.O.C.

• National Cheng Kung University,

Tainan, Taiwan

45

46

Dr. Norlida Mohd Dom The Regional Humid Tropics Hydrology and Water Resources Centre for Southeast Asia and The Pacific (HUMID TROPICS CENTRE KUALA LUMPUR) No. 2, Jalan Ledang off Jalan Duta, 50480 Kuala Lumpur Tel 603 20958700 Fax 603 20953366 Email : norlidamd@water.gov.my norlidamd1@gmail.com Web: htckl.water.gov.my FB; Humid Tropics Centre Kuala Lumpur