Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

PROF. AHMED B. SHURAIMK I N G S A U D U N I V E R S I T Y

The Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization (SASO) Governor’s advisor - KSA

The Saudi International Building & Construction Technologies 11th- 12th May, 2015

Structural Design and Construction Aspects in The Saudi Building Code

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Presentation outline

Design criteria and Process

Construction Documents & Inspections

Construction Requirements in SBC 304

Materials compliance with Standards

Overview of Structural codes contentsand References

Concluding remarks

Code’s aims, challenges, and potential benefits

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

The Code aims and intents

If followed & implemented

The code can achieve

Safety/Strength

Serviceability

Protection from environmental hazards

Stability

Durability

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Limitations & Challenges

Building Code /Structural

Challenges

Does not ensure Economical design

Set minimum Req.

Mixed of prescriptive and performance-

based

Can be challenging for

building officials to verify

compliance

Requires accurate zonation

data: rain, Temp, flood, wind, seismic

Does not cover special

structures

Requires highly

qualified Personnel

Requires testing Laboratories &

Standards compliance

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

PART 1- GENERAL GENERALREQUIREMENTS

1. SBC 304 shall govern in all matters pertaining to design and construction of structural concrete.

2. SBC 304 shall govern in all matters pertaining to design, construction, and material properties.

3. For special structures, such as arches, tanks, reservoirs, bins and silos, blast-resistant structures, and chimneys, provisions of SBC 304 shall govern where applicable.

4. SBC 304 does not govern design and installation of portions of concrete piles, drilled piers, and caissons embedded in ground and soil-supported slabs

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Building Code /Structural

potential benefits

A Catalyst for Economical

design

Legal Protection for Engineer

Protect owner rights

A Catalyst for design

uniformity

A tool for sustainability

A tool for Value Engineering

Understanding the Code potential benefits

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Building Code /Structural divisions

Building Code

/Structural

covers

Design aspects and

criteria

Construction

Requirements

Construction Documents & Inspections

Materials & Standards

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Structural Design Process

Structural Design Aspects

SBC 301 Loading & FORCES

SBC 304: Concrete

Structures

Structural system

Local conditions

Functional Requirements

Seismic req.

Environmental loads

Live loads

Load combinations

Structural Modeling &

Analysis

Design of elements and

systems on design criteria

Design Drawings & Documents

𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑟𝑠

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

1.4.4 Analysis. Load effects on individual structural members shall be determined by methods of structural analysis that take into account equilibrium, general stability, geometric compatibility, and both short- and long-term material properties. Members that tend to accumulate residual deformations under repeated service loads shall have included in their analysis the added eccentricities expected to occur during their service life.

1.4.5 Counteracting Structural Actions. All structural members and systems, and all components and cladding in a building or other structure, shall be designed to resist forces due to earthquake, wind, soil and hydrostatic pressure and flood loads, with consideration of overturning, sliding, and uplift, and continuous load paths shall be provided for transmitting these forces to the foundation.

1.4.6 Self-straining Forces. Provision shall be made for anticipated self-straining forces arising from differential settlements of foundations and from restrained dimensional changes due to temperature, moisture, shrinkage, creep, and similar effects.

Loading & Analysis

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Construction DocumentsSBC 301: 1.3.1 General. Construction documents shall show the size, section and relative locations of structural members with floor levels, column centers and offsets fully dimensioned. The design loads and other information pertinent to the structural design required by Sections 1.3.1.1 through 1.3.1.7 shall be clearly indicated on the construction documents for parts of the building or structure.

SBC 304: 1.2.1 Copies of design drawings, typical details, and specifications for all structural concrete construction shall bear the seal of a registered structural engineer. These drawings, details, and specifications shall show:

(a) Name and date of issue of code to which design conforms;

(b) Live load and other loads used in design;

(c) Specified compressive strength of concrete at stated ages;

(d) Specified strength or grade of reinforcement;

(e) Size and location of all structural elements, concrete cover, reinforcement, and anchors;

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

REQUIRED VERIFICATION AND INSPECTION OF CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION

VERIFICATION AND INSPECTIONCONTINUO

USPERIODIC

REFERENCE STANDARD

1. Inspection of structural layout and members dimensions for compliance with approved design drawings and construction tolerances

X

2. Inspection of reinforcing steel, including prestressing tendons, and placement.

X SBC 304 (3.5, 7.1-7.7)

3. Inspection of formwork X SBC 304 (6.1-6.2)4. Inspection of concrete mix

a. Verify the use of required design mix X SBC 304 (4, 5.2-5.4)b. Verify that the delivery is from certified

batch plantX

5. At the time fresh concrete is sampled to fabricate specimens for strength tests, perform slump and determine the temperature of the concrete.

XASTM C 172ASTM C 31SBC 304 (5.6, 5.8)

6. Inspection of concrete placement for proper application techniques.

XSBC 304 (5.9, 5.10)

7. Inspection of curing techniques and hot weather requirements.

X SBC 304 (5.11-5.13)

8. Inspection of prestressed concrete:

9. Verification of in-situ concrete strength, prior to stressing of tendons in post-tensioned concrete and prior to removal of shores and forms from beams and structural slabs.

X SBC 304 (6.2)

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Design professional in responsible charge

When it is required that documents be prepared by a registered design professional, the building official shall require the owner to engage and designate on the building permit application a registered design professional who shall act as the registered design professional in responsible charge.

The registered design professional in responsible charge shall be responsible for reviewing and coordinating submittal documents prepared by others, including phased and deferred submittal items, for compatibility with the design of the building.

Where structural observation is required, the inspection program shall name the individual or firms who are to perform structural observation and describe the stages of construction at which structural observation is to occur.

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

DUTIES AND POWERS OF BUILDING OFFICIAL

104.1 General. The building official shall have the authority to render interpretations of this code. Such interpretations, policies and procedures shall be in compliance with the intent and purpose of this code. Such policies and procedures shall not have the effect of waiving requirements specifically provided for in this code.

104.2 Applications and permits. The building official shall receive applications, review construction documents and issue permits, inspect the premises for which such permits have been issued and enforce compliance with the provisions of this code.

104.4 Inspections. The building official shall make all of the required inspections, or shall have the authority to accept reports of inspection by approved agencies or individuals. Reports of such inspections shall be in writing and be certified by a responsible officer. The building official is authorized to engage such expert opinion as deemed necessary to report upon unusual technical issues that arise, subject to the approval of the appointing authority.

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

BUILDING OFFICIAL QUALIFICATIONS

A101.1 Building official. The building official shall have at least 10 years’ experience or equivalent as an architect, engineer, inspector, contractor or superintendent of construction, or any combination of these, five years of which shall have been supervisory experience. The building official should be certified as a building official through a recognized certification program. The building official shall be appointed or hired by the applicable governing authority.

A101.2 Chief inspector. The building official can designate supervisors to administer the provisions of the Code. They shall be certified through a recognized certification program for the appropriate trade.

A101.3 Inspector and plan examiner. The building official shall appoint or hire such number of officers, inspectors, assistants and other employees as shall be authorized by the jurisdiction. The inspector or plan examiner shall be certified through a recognized certification program for the appropriate trade.

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

BOARD OF APPEALS

B101.1 Application. The application for appeal shall be filed on a form obtained from the building official within 20 days after the notice was served.

B101.2 Membership of board. The board of appeals shall consist of persons appointed by the chief appointing authority as follows:

1. One for five years; one for four years; one for three years; one for two years; and one for one year.

2. Thereafter, each new member shall serve for five years or until a successor has been appointed.

The building official shall be an ex officio member of said board but shall have no vote on any matter before the board.

B101.2.2 Qualifications. The board of appeals shall consist of five individuals, one from each of the following professions or disciplines:1. Registered design professional with architectural experience or a builder or superintendent of building construction with at least ten years’experience, five of which shall have been in responsible charge of work.2. Registered design professional with structural engineering experience3. Registered design professional with mechanical and plumbing engineering experience or a mechanical contractor with at least ten years’ experience, five of which shall have been in responsible charge ofwork.4. Registered design professional with electrical engineering experience or an electrical contractor with at least ten years’ experience, five of which shall have been in responsible charge of work.5. Registered design professional with fire protection engineering experience or a fire protection contractor with at least ten years’ experience, five of which shall have been in responsible charge of work.

B101.4 Board decision. The board shall modify or reverse the decision of the building official by a concurring vote of two-thirds of its members.

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Overview of SBC 304Construction

Requirements

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Concrete Construction in SBC-304

SBC-304 Main Parts

PART 1-GENERAL

PART 2-STANDARDS FOR

TESTS AND MATERIALS

PART 3-CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

PART 4-GENERAL Design

REQUIREMENTS

PART 5-STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS

PART 6-SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

SBC-304: PART 3-CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

PART 3-CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

DURABILITY REQUIREMENTS

CONCRETE QUALITY,

MIXING, AND PLACING

FORMWORK, EMBEDDED PIPES, AND CONSTRUCTION

JOINTS

DETAILS OF REINFORCE

MENT

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

SBC-304: CONCRETE QUALITY, MIXING, AND PLACING

CONCRETE QUALITY, MIXING, AND

PLACING

Selection of concrete proportions

Proportioning mixtures

Average strength and Evaluation and

acceptance

Preparation of equipment and place of deposit

Mixing ,Conveying, Placing and Curing

Hot weather requirement

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Elements of concrete provisions

SECTION 5.6EVALUATION AND ACCEPTANCE OF CONCRETE

5.6.1 Concrete shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of Section 5.6.2 through 5.6.5. Qualified field testing technicians shall perform tests on fresh concrete at the job site, prepare specimens required for curing under field conditions, prepare specimens required for testing in the laboratory, and record the temperature of the fresh concrete when preparing specimens for strength tests. Qualified laboratory technicians shall perform all required laboratory tests.

Ready-mixed concrete shall be mixed and delivered in accordance with requirements of "Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete" (ASTM C 94) or "Specification for Concrete Made by Volumetric Batching and Continuous Mixing" (ASTM C 685).

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

SBC-304: FORMWORK, AND CONSTRUCTION JOINTS

FORMWORK, EMBEDDED PIPES, AND

CONSTRUCTION JOINTS

Design of formwork

Removal of forms, shores, and reshoring

Conduits and pipes embedded in

concrete

Construction joints

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Examples of FORMWORKprovisions

DESIGN OF FORMWORK

6.1.5 Design of formwork shall include consideration of the followingfactors:

(a) Rate and method of placing concrete;

(b) Construction loads, including vertical, horizontal, and impact loads;

(c) Special form requirements.

REMOVAL OF FORMS, SHORES, AND RESHORING6.2.2.1 Before starting construction, the contractor shall develop a procedure and schedule for removal of shores and installation of reshoresand for calculating the loads transferred to the structure during the process.(a)The structural analysis and concrete strength data used in planning and

implementing form removal and shoring shall be furnished by the contractor to the when so requested;

(c) Sufficient strength shall be demonstrated by structural analysis considering proposed loads, strength of forming and shoring system, and concrete strength data.

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Overview of Structural codes References and contents

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Code References

STRUCTURAL

TECHNICAL COMMITTEE

Reinforced concrete

Workgroup

SBC 304

Steel

workgroup

SBC 306

Design loads

workgroup

SBC 301

Soils and Foundations

Workgroup

SBC 303

Testing and inspections

Workgroup

SBC 302

Based on chapter

19 of IBC,

ACI-318 and other

ACI standards

Based on chapter 16

of IBC,and ASCE-7-

02

Based on chapter 22 of

IBC and on AISC-LRFD

Based on chapter 17

of IBC and other

standards

Based on chapter 18 of

IBC, and a number of

codes and standards

Masonry

Workgroup

SBC 305 Based on chapter 21 of

IBC,and ACI-530-02

SAUDI BUILDING CODE NATIONAL

COMMITTEE

CONSULTATIVE

COMMITTEE

OTHER TECHNICAL

COMMITTEE

INCLUDING:

ARCHITECTURAL,

ADMINISTRATIVE,

MECHANICAL,

ELECTRICAL,

PLUMBING, FIRE

SAFETY, SPECIAL

SEISMIC

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

SBC 301: Design Loads for Buildings and Structures

Chapter 1 GeneralChapter 2 Combination of loadsChapter 3 Dead loadsChapter 4 Live loadsChapter 5 Soil and hydrostatic pressure and flood loadsChapter 6 Wind load criteria Chapter 7 Design wind load proceduresChapter 8 Rain loadsChapter 9 Seismic design criteriaChapter 10 Seismic design requirements for building structuresChapter 11 Material specific seismic design and detailing requirementsChapter 12 seismic design requirements for non-structural

components Chapter 13 Seismic design requirements for nonbuilding structuresChapter 14 Site classification procedure for seismic designChapter 15 Quality assurance and supplemental provisionsChapter 16 Existing building provision

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

CONCLUDING REMARKS1) The presentation highlighted a number of key issues relevant to

the role, challenges and potential benefits that can be taken into

consideration

2) The structural codes comprised four areas:

a) Design criteria and Process

b) Construction Documents Requirements & Inspection schemes

c) Construction Requirements

d) Materials compliance with Standards

3) The presentation implicitly shows requirements for personnel

qualifications for designers, inspectors, and building officials

4) Successful implementation of the code requires education and

training of engineers to digest codes provisions and intents as

well as proper administrative and inspection schemes.

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Thank you

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Brief biography

Ahmed B Shuraim is a professor of civil/Structural engineering at King Saud University,

Saudi Arabia, obtained his MSC and PhD from University of Michigan Ann Arbor.

Prof. Shuraim has published a number of scientific articles in distinguished ISI-journals, and recently he has achieved a patent in the field of structural engineering from USPTO.

Currently he works as an advisor to the governor of SASO (Saudi Standards, metrology and Quality org.). He is an active members on many committees involved in Building Code development in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states. He is a member of the National committee on the Saudi building code (SBC) and the chairman of the structural committee in charge of various topics of structural requirements for concrete, steel, masonry, soils and foundations, and minimum design loading.

He is also the chairman the structural committee in charge of developing building codes for the Arabian gulf

states (GCC). His membership in scientific society includes ASCE, ACI, ASTM, NFPA, SEI as well as local

engineering societies.

For more information: http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/ashuraim/default.aspx