During the learning engagement, the students should be able to:

1. understand simple, compound, complex and compound-complex sentences;

2. identify the structure of a sentence in the exercises;

3. find relevance of the topic by showing interest in the expansion activity. (Hardcopy)

STRUCTURE OF

SENTENCESBy Venus Sarte Patual

Simple SentenceCompound SentenceComplex SentenceCompound-complex sentence

Simple sentence• May have one or more subjects and one or more predicate. It

contains one full subject and predicate.

Connectives or conjunctions are indicator of more than one subject and more than one predicate.

We call two or more subjects joined by connectives (and, or, nor, etc.) as compound subjects.

Two or more predicates are called compound predicates.

Examples:

Subjects1.The nurse checks the nails, ears, lips, and general overall

skin color. (one subject)2. Mucus and other secretions in the mouth must be removed

to prevent aspiration. (two subjects)

Predicates1. A sauce is a richly flavored, thickened liquid used to complement another dish. (one predicate)2. The sauce selected to accompany dish should heighten its flavor, enhance its appearance, and make it more digestible. (three predicates)

Coordinating Conjunctions

F

A

N

B

O

Y

S

or

nd

o

ut

r

et

or

= because

= more information

= contrast

=result/consequence

I like ice cream, and Judy likes cookies.

I like ice cream, but I don’t like cake.

Neither ice cream nor cookies are good for your health.

I like ice cream, for it is delicious.

= alternative I could eat ice cream, or I could eat carrots.

= contrast I could carrots, yet I wouldn’t feel happy.I will eat ice cream, so I can feel happy.

= two negative options

SIMPLE SENTENCE

Mary plays tennis.

SUBJECT PREDICATE

one subject one predicate

SIMPLE SENTENCEwith compound subject

Tom and Mary play tennis.

SIMPLE SENTENCEwith compound subject and compound

predicate

Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.

Compound sentence

• Consists of two independent clauses or simple sentences joined through connectives or punctuation marks.

• These independent clauses or simple sentences can be joined only if their ideas are related.

Example:

1. The Divisoria market is very congested and garbage is everywhere.

Compound SentenceUse of Coordinating

Conjunctions

SUBJECT PREDICATE

SUBJECT PREDICATE

and

COMPOUND SENTENCE:CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

MOREOVER

HOWEVER

OTHERWISE

THEREFORE

Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.

Clause 1 Clause 2

Independent Independent

COMPOUND SENTENCE:CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

Complex sentence

• Consists of one dependent clause and one independent clause.

• In this case, the two ideas are not equal in importance; one is subordinate and cannot stand alone as a thought unit.

Examples:

1.The men, whom I have seen succeeded best in life, have always been cheerful and hopeful men.

2.When the clock struck twelve, the princess became a beggar.

Complex Sentence

Bob is popular

he is bossy.

even though

COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

The most common subordinating conjunctions are "after," "although," "as," "because," "before," "how," "if," "once," "since," "than," "that," though," "till," "until,"

"when," "where," "whether,” and while."

Compound-complex sentence

• Contains two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.

Examples:

1.Keep wishing for something, and when you have an opportunity to gratify your wishes, do not gratify them to the fill, so you may never become satiated.

2.When you were born again, you automatically became a part of God’s universal family, but you also need to become a member of a local expression of God’s family, according to R. Warren.

Compound-Complex SentenceMike is popular

he is good looking,

because

he is not very happy.

but

ExercisesSay if the following sentences are:

Simple, compound, complex or compound-complex.

1.The bell rang. 2.Bridget ran the first part of the race,

and Tara biked the second part.3.He stands at the bottom of the cliff

while the climber moves up the rock.4.The skier turned and jumped.5.Naoki passed the test because he

studied hard and understood the material.

Answers

1.Simple

2.Compound

3.Complex

4.Simple

5.Compound-complex

1. Because Kayla has so much climbing experience , we asked her to lead our group.

2. You and I need piano lessons.

3. I planned to go to the hockey game, but I couldn’t get tickets.

4. Dorothy likes white water rafting, but she also enjoys kayaking.

5. There are many problems to solve before this program can be used, but engineers believe that they will be able to solve them soon.

Answers

1.Complex

2.Simple

3.Compound

4.Compound

5.Compound-complex

SENTENCES AS VERBAL EXPRESSION OF PURPOSE

As verbal expression of purpose, a sentence takes the form of:

a)A statement In Europe, only Switzerland and Austria

are more mountainous than Spain.

b)A question How old are you?

c)A request Please keep quiet.

d)An exclamation What an obnoxious manner he has!

Declarative Sentence• Statement ends with a period in writing and a drop in pitch in

speech.

• In statement, the subject and predicate have normal word order, that is, the subject comes before the predicate.

Examples:

1. One of the most wonderful inventions of the past one hundred years is the telephone.

2. The first telephone was installed in 1877.

3. An adult human being has thirty-two teeth.

4. A tree is a tall, woody plant.

5. The big part in the middle is called the trunk.

Interrogative sentencesThere are three kinds of questions in English:o Yes-No Questions. These are simple questions eliciting the answer yes

or no only.o Attached (or Tag) Questions. Simple technique: if your statement is

affirmative, your tag is negative; if your statement is negative, your tag is affirmative. The verb in your tag is followed by a pronoun that corresponds to the subject of your statement.

Examples:1. Economically, our town is well-off isn’t it?2. Solar energy is not limited, is it?o Interrogative-Word Questions (WH Questions). Questions that

elicit specific information such as; a person, place time, etc.Examples:1. Who is he?2. Where have you been?3. What time is it?

Requests and Commands. The base form of the verb is used for requests, commands, or instructions.

Examples:1.Open the door.2.Please, don’t open the door.3.Listen.4.Read the directions very well.5.Please read the directions very well.

Exclamatory sentence expresses strong feelings or emotions. It begins with what or how.

Examples:

What sweet child she is!How wonderful it is!What honest driver he is!How kind her mother is!

Directions: Now, read the following excerpt from the Chapter One- of Harry Potter. Find out how the different kinds of sentences contribute in the effectiveness of the story.

Not for the first time, an argument had broken out over breakfast at number four, Privet Drive. Mr.. Vernon Dursley had been woken in the early hours of the morning by a loud, hooting noise from his nephew Harry’s room.

Expansion Activity