Structures and Structures and FunctionsFunctions

brainbrain• consists of five major consists of five major

regions: olfactory lobes, regions: olfactory lobes, cerebrum, optic lobe, cerebrum, optic lobe, cerebellum, and the medula cerebellum, and the medula oblongata (anterior to oblongata (anterior to posterior); nervous systemposterior); nervous system

camouflagecamouflage• most frogs have dark dorsal most frogs have dark dorsal

sides and light ventral sides sides and light ventral sides to protect them from to protect them from predators on land and in predators on land and in water, respectively water, respectively

cerebellumcerebellum• a region of the brain that is a region of the brain that is

responsible for muscle responsible for muscle coordination; nervous coordination; nervous system system

cerebrumcerebrum• a region of the brain that is a region of the brain that is

responsible for learning; responsible for learning; nervous system   nervous system  

cloacacloaca

• collects wastes from collects wastes from digestive and excretory digestive and excretory systems, and removes them systems, and removes them from the bodyfrom the body

esophagusesophagus

• digestive system structure digestive system structure which is a tube leading food which is a tube leading food from the mouth cavity to the from the mouth cavity to the stomachstomach

eustachian tubeseustachian tubes

• tubes connecting the tubes connecting the mouth cavity and the mouth cavity and the tympanic membrane that tympanic membrane that help equalize internal ear help equalize internal ear pressurepressure

fat bodiesfat bodies

• attached near the kidneys, attached near the kidneys, and provide nourishment for and provide nourishment for the gametes; much larger the gametes; much larger and more abundant in and more abundant in femalesfemales

gall bladdergall bladder• stores bile from the liver, stores bile from the liver,

and sends bile to the small and sends bile to the small intestine; digestive systemintestine; digestive system

gulletgullet

• the opening to the the opening to the esophagus; digestive systemesophagus; digestive system

heartheart

• three chambered structure three chambered structure (ventricle, right atrium, left (ventricle, right atrium, left atrium) that circulates blood; atrium) that circulates blood; circulatory systemcirculatory system

kidneyskidneys

• filter blood and urine that filter blood and urine that drains into the urinary drains into the urinary bladder; excretory systembladder; excretory system

large intestinelarge intestine

•collects wastes collects wastes from the tissues; from the tissues; digestive system digestive system

left atriumleft atrium

• a chamber of the heart that a chamber of the heart that collects oxygenated blood collects oxygenated blood from the lungs and pushes it from the lungs and pushes it into the ventricle; circulatory into the ventricle; circulatory systemsystem

liverliver• a three lobed structure that a three lobed structure that

produces bile for lipid produces bile for lipid digestion; not part of food digestion; not part of food passage through the digestive passage through the digestive system, but rather through the system, but rather through the blood supply; digestive systemblood supply; digestive system

lunglung

•collects oxygen from collects oxygen from the air and transfers the air and transfers it to the blood it to the blood supply; respiratory supply; respiratory system system

medula oblongatamedula oblongata

• a region of the brain which a region of the brain which controls some organ controls some organ function, such as respiration function, such as respiration rate and heart rate; nervous rate and heart rate; nervous systemsystem

nictating membranenictating membrane• a clear covering over the eye, a clear covering over the eye,

acting similar to an eyelid, acting similar to an eyelid, protecting the eye from debris protecting the eye from debris in the water or keeping the eye in the water or keeping the eye moistened when on land moistened when on land

olfactory lobesolfactory lobes

•a region of the brain a region of the brain responsible for the responsible for the sense of smell; sense of smell; nervous system nervous system

optic lobesoptic lobes

•a region of the brain a region of the brain responsible for the responsible for the sense of sight; sense of sight; nervous system nervous system

pancreaspancreas

•secretes enzymes secretes enzymes into the small into the small intestine; digestive intestine; digestive system system

right atriumright atrium• a chamber of the heart that a chamber of the heart that

collects deoxygenated blood collects deoxygenated blood from the tissues and pumps from the tissues and pumps it into the ventricle; it into the ventricle; circulatory system circulatory system

small intestinesmall intestine• breaks down soupy mixture breaks down soupy mixture

from stomach into usable from stomach into usable nutrients, using bile from the nutrients, using bile from the gall bladder and enzymes gall bladder and enzymes from the pancreas; digestive from the pancreas; digestive

systemsystem

spinal cordspinal cord

•connected to the connected to the brain and 10 pairs of brain and 10 pairs of spinal nerves; spinal nerves; nervous system nervous system

spleenspleen

• filters improperly filters improperly functioning blood functioning blood cells; circulatory cells; circulatory system system

stomachstomach

• secretes digestive juices to secretes digestive juices to breakdown whole foods breakdown whole foods swallowed by the frog into a swallowed by the frog into a soupy mixture; digestive soupy mixture; digestive systemsystem

teethteeth• maxillary and vomerine maxillary and vomerine teeth are used to hold onto teeth are used to hold onto caught prey, not for caught prey, not for chewing chewing

tonguetongue• folded and slightly folded and slightly forked (but not like a forked (but not like a snake's); it flips snake's); it flips forward to catch preyforward to catch prey

tympanic membranetympanic membrane• the eardrum, which collects the eardrum, which collects

sound waves; this is more sound waves; this is more external than one found in external than one found in humans, and allows frogs to humans, and allows frogs to hear well in the water toohear well in the water too

urinary bladderurinary bladder

• stores urine before it is stores urine before it is exreted through the cloaca; exreted through the cloaca; excretory systemexcretory system

ventricleventricle• a chamber of the heart that a chamber of the heart that

collects blood from the left collects blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the atrium and pumps it to the tissues, and collects blood from tissues, and collects blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs; circulatory system the lungs; circulatory system