stutt revisions 2 - summit.sfu.ca · statement of ethics approval . the author, whose name appears...
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Last revision: Spring 09
Declaration of Partial Copyright Licence The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users.
The author has further granted permission to Simon Fraser University to keep or make a digital copy for use in its circulating collection (currently available to the public at the “Institutional Repository” link of the SFU Library website <www.lib.sfu.ca> at: <http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/112>) and, without changing the content, to translate the thesis/project or extended essays, if technically possible, to any medium or format for the purpose of preservation of the digital work.
The author has further agreed that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by either the author or the Dean of Graduate Studies.
It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without the author’s written permission.
Permission for public performance, or limited permission for private scholarly use, of any multimedia materials forming part of this work, may have been granted by the author. This information may be found on the separately catalogued multimedia material and in the signed Partial Copyright Licence.
While licensing SFU to permit the above uses, the author retains copyright in the thesis, project or extended essays, including the right to change the work for subsequent purposes, including editing and publishing the work in whole or in part, and licensing other parties, as the author may desire.
The original Partial Copyright Licence attesting to these terms, and signed by this author, may be found in the original bound copy of this work, retained in the Simon Fraser University Archive.
Simon Fraser University Library Burnaby, BC, Canada
STATEMENT OF ETHICS APPROVAL
The author, whose name appears on the title page of this work, has obtained, for the research described in this work, either:
(a) Human research ethics approval from the Simon Fraser University Office of Research Ethics,
or
(b) Advance approval of the animal care protocol from the University Animal Care Committee of Simon Fraser University;
or has conducted the research
(c) as a co-investigator, collaborator or research assistant in a research project approved in advance,
or
(d) as a member of a course approved in advance for minimal risk human research, by the Office of Research Ethics.
A copy of the approval letter has been filed at the Theses Office of the University Library at the time of submission of this thesis or project.
The original application for approval and letter of approval are filed with the relevant offices. Inquiries may be directed to those authorities.
Simon Fraser University Library
Simon Fraser University Burnaby, BC, Canada
Last update: Spring 2010
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! ix
"%1(',7'(#4"*1'
!
A)"S%!Og!!F%)+,3%&!45!3)'S!3)R'K!+3)1&'+!&#&+%M&TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTOc!
A)"S%!9g!@4&+h-%1%5'+&!45!=)'S!=)R'K!A3)1&'+!*#&+%M& TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTbO!
A)"S%!bg!*)MRS%!45!B%+J4K4S4L#!543!(4SS%(+'1L!G)1&)3K!3%5%3%1(%& TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTfb!
!!
'
! x
&",11#03'
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00(' =)'S!=)R'K!A3)1&'+!
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'
! 1
%$(0,/.2(%,$''
AJ'&!R34W%(+!&%%8&!+4!)1&7%3!+J%!\,%&+'41g!iJ#!7)&!*8#A3)'1!X43!.K2)1(%K!E'LJ+!
=)R'K!A3)1&'+/!.E=AY!(J4&%1!)&!+J%!+%(J14S4L#!543!P)1(4,2%3[&!3)'S!3)R'K!+3)1&'+!&#&+%Mj!!
C+!'&!)1!'12%&+'L)+'41!'1+4!+J%!R3'1('R)S!&+)8%J4SK%3&!)1K!R4S'(#!)(+43&!'1!+J%!K%('&'41!)1K!
+J%!'MRS'()+'41&!+J%!K%('&'41!J)&!J)KT!!iJ'S%!+J%!*8#A3)'1!M)#!)RR%)3!&'M'S)3!+4!4+J%3!
543M&!45!3)R'K!+3)1&'+!)34,1K!+J%!743SK/!'+!'&!)!&#&+%M!+J)+!'&!)SM4&+!%V(S,&'2%!+4!B%+34!
P)1(4,2%3T!!>1S#!)!5%7!4+J%3!('+'%&!)34,1K!+J%!743SK!5%)+,3%!+J%!&)M%!+%(J14S4L#/!)1K!
P)1(4,2%3!7)&!+J%!5'3&+!+4!(J44&%!'+!543!+J%'3!M)'1!3)R'K!+3)1&'+!&#&+%MT!!
AJ'&!R34W%(+!K4%&!14+!%V)M'1%!+J%!+%(J14S4L'()S!M%3'+&!43!K'&)K2)1+)L%&!45!
.K2)1(%K!E'LJ+!=)R'K!A3)1&'+T!!C!K4!14+!J)2%!+J%!%1L'1%%3'1L!")(8L34,1K/!143!K4!C!+J'18!
'+!+J%!M4&+!'1+%3%&+'1L!\,%&+'41!'1!+J'&!RS)11'1L!K%('&'41T!!C1&+%)K/!+J%!\,%&+'41!'&!
^7J#T_!!iJ#!K'K!+J%!R342'1(')S!L42%31M%1+!K%('K%!+4!&,RR43+!)1K!R,3(J)&%!)!&#&+%M!
+J)+!7)&!2'3+,)SS#!,1+%&+%Kj!!.1K!7J#!7%3%!RS)1&!543!)!R342%1!E=A!&#&+%M!()&+!)&'K%!'1!
5)24,3!45!+J'&!1%7!+%(J14S4L#j!
0S+'M)+%S#!+J%!&+43#!45!+J%!*8#A3)'1!'&!)1!%V)MRS%!45!)!+3)1&R43+)+'41!RS)11'1L!
K%('&'41!+J)+!7)&!J%)2'S#!'15S,%1(%K!"#!+J%!(41+%V+!&,334,1K'1L!'+T!!C+!'&!)!kR%35%(+!&+43M[!
45!P)1(4,2%3[&!5'3&+!M%L)Z%2%1+/!+J%!k747!5)(+43[!45!)!1%7!+%(J14S4L#/!R4S'+'()S!
K'55%3%1(%&!"%+7%%1!('+#!)1K!R342'1(%!)1K!+J%!'15S,%1(%!45!^",#Z@)1)K')1_!+%(J14S4L#T!!
AJ%&%!)3%!+J%!5)(+43&!+J)+!7%3%!+J%!M4&+!'15S,%1+')S!'1!+J%!K%('&'41!+4!)(\,'3%!.E=AT!!
'
! 2
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&+43'%&!45!+J%!K'55%3%1+!)(+43&/!)1K!%V)M'1'1L!W,&+!7J)+!+J%'3!34S%!3%)SS#!7)&T!
-%543%!)KK3%&&'1L!+J%!&R%('5'(&!45!P)1(4,2%3[&!*8#A3)'1!&+43#!C!M,&+!5'3&+!
R34R%3S#!'1+34K,(%!+J%!2)3'4,&!+#R%&!45!+3)1&'+!+J)+!7%3%!(41&'K%3%K!543!+J%!('+#T!!AJ%!
S'+%3)+,3%!3%2'%7!&%(+'41!'1+34K,(%&!+J%!)2)'S)"S%!+%(J14S4L#!4R+'41&!)1K!R342'K%&!+J%!
J'&+43'()S!(41+%V+!R3%(%K'1L!+J%!'12%1+'41!45!.E=AT!!C+!)1&7%3&!+J%!\,%&+'41g!7J)+!M)8%&!
*8#A3)'1!&4!,1'\,%!+J)+!'+!M%3'+&!+J'&!'12%&+'L)+'41j!!C!+J%1!R3%&%1+!)!53)M%7438!45!J47!
4R+'M)S!+3)1&'+!&#&+%M&!)3%!&%S%(+%K!543!('+'%&Z!"4+J!7J)+!'&!(41&'K%3%K!^+%(J1'()SS#!
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41!+4!+J%!K)+)!C!J)2%!(4SS%(+%K!534M!+J%!2)3'4,&!R4S'(#!)(+43&!)1K!)RRS#!M#!53)M%7438!
+4!%V)M'1%!7J)+!+J%!"'LL%&+!'15S,%1(%&!'1!+J%!K%('&'41!7%3%T!!!
!
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'
! 3
X C*(),/,",&3'
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AJ%!54SS47'1L!(J)R+%3!4,+S'1%&!J47!M#!K)+)!7)&!(4SS%(+%KT!!A4!"%L'1!7'+J/!C!7'SS!
K%&(3'"%!J47!C!K%('K%K!7J%3%!&4,3(%&!74,SK!(4M%!534MT!!.1#!M%L)ZR34W%(+!&,(J!)&!+J%!
(3%)+'41!45!)!5'3&+!3)R'K!+3)1&'+!S'1%!'1!)!3%L'41!7'SS!'124S2%!+J%!+J3%%!S%2%S&!45!L42%31M%1+!
'1!@)1)K)g!M,1'('R)S/!R342'1(')S!)1K!5%K%3)ST!!AJ'&!R34W%(+!54(,&%&!41!+J%!M,1'('R)S!)1K!
R342'1(')S!S%2%S&!)1K!+J%3%543%!C!S448%K!543!&4,3(%&!534M!+J%&%!S%2%S&T!!`147'1L!7J)+!C!
)S3%)K#!K'K!)"4,+!+3)1&R43+)+'41!RS)11'1L!'1!B%+34!P)1(4,2%3/!C!)S&4!81%7!+J)+!C!74,SK!
1%%K!+4!'124S2%!+J%!IP=D!XI3%)+%3!P)1(4,2%3!=%L'41)S!D'&+3'(+/!147!81471!)&!B%+34!
P)1(4,2%3Y!)&!7%SS!)&!+J%!M)1,5)(+,3%3Z!+J%!03")1!A3)1&R43+)+'41!D%2%S4RM%1+!
@43R43)+'41!X0AD@YT!!!C!K'K!)!(41+%1+!)1)S#&'&!45!+J%!2)3'4,&!K4(,M%1+&!+J)+!C!54,1KT!!!
i'+J!+J%!S)3L%!&(4R%!45!2)3'%K!&4,3(%&!C!74,SK!"%!5)('1L/!C!(J4&%!14+!+4!,&%!
(4K'1LT!!?)3S#!41!'1!+J'&!3%&%)3(J!R34W%(+/!C!%V)M'1%K!)1!)3+'(S%!"#!E47!)1K!.&+S%!%1+'+S%K!
^<)+J!D%R%1K%1(%!'1!03")1!A3)1&R43+g!.1!'1&+'+,+'41)S!)1)S#&'&!45!R)&&%1L%3!+3)1&R43+!
'1!B%S"4,31%/!.,&+3)S')/!Of]dZ9::d_T!!C!J)2%!,&%K!+J'&!)3+'(S%!)&!R3%(%K%1+!543!M#!471!
M%+J4K4S4L#T!!*'M'S)3!+4!+J%'3!)3+'(S%/!C!J)2%!J)K!+4!R'%(%!+4L%+J%3!+J%!&+43#!45!
+3)1&R43+)+'41!RS)11'1L!'1!)!3%L'41!+J)+!&R)1&!)!2)3'%+#!45!L42%31M%1+!S%2%S&!,1K%3L4'1L!
'1&+'+,+'41)S!(J)1L%&T!!G47%2%3/!C!54,1K!+J)+!E47!)1K!.&+S%!5)'S%K!+4!K'&(,&&!7J%3%!+J%'3!
&4,3(%&!45!'1543M)+'41!()M%!534M!'1!R'%('1L!+J'&!&+43#!+4L%+J%3T!!AJ%!&+43#!45!
P)1(4,2%3[&!5'3&+!3)R'K!+3)1&'+!&#&+%M!7)&!(41+342%3&')S!+J%1!)1K!(41+'1,%&!+4!"%!&4!
'
! 4
+4K)#T!!.&!+J%!)K)L%!L4%&/!^J'&+43#!'&!73'++%1!"#!+J%!7'11%3&_!)1K!C!J)K!+4!)(8147S%KL%!
534M!+J%!"%L'11'1L!+J)+!+J%3%!(4,SK!"%!X)1K!)3%Y!"')&%&!'1!%)(J!45!+J%!K)+)!&4,3(%&!C!
(4SS%(+T!!AJ,&/!'1!)KK'+'41!+4!R'%('1L!+4L%+J%3!+J%!&+43#/!C!J)2%!+)8%1!'1+4!)((4,1+!+J%!
'15S,%1(%!)1K!34S%!45!%)(J!R4S'(#!)(+43T!.&!K)+)!7%3%!(4SS%(+%K/!C!%1+%3%K!%)(J!R'%(%!'1+4!
)!&R3%)K&J%%+/!K%5'1'1L!7J)+!+J%!K)+)!7)&/!7J4!&)'K!'+/!J47!'+!7)&!,&%K!)1K!5,3+J%3!
14+%&T!!.1!%V)MRS%!45!+J%!)RRS'()+'41!45!+J'&!&#&+%M!,&%K!41!+J%!G)1&)3K!K4(,M%1+&!
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+J%!'&&,%!53)18S#T!!AJ%!K471&'K%!'&!+J)+!M)1#!8%#!RS)#%3&!)3%!14!S41L%3!)34,1KT!
*%S%(+'41!45!'1+%32'%7!R)3+'('R)1+&!7)&!3%S)+'2%S#!&'MRS%!)&!C!K%('K%K!+4!'1+%32'%7!+J4&%!
7J4!7%3%!+J%!M4&+!'124S2%K!)1K!&+'SS!)2)'S)"S%T!!!C1!&4M%!()&%&/!C!'K%1+'5'%K!+J%&%!
R)3+'('R)1+&!41S#!)5+%3!K'&(42%3'1L!1)M%&!K,3'1L!+J%!3%&%)3(J!R34(%&&T!!AJ'&!'&!+J%!()&%!
7'+J!D3T!='(J)3K!*4"%3M)1/!)!543M%3!%V%(,+'2%!7'+J!+J%!0AD@T!!C+!'&!)!3%R3%&%1+)+'41!14+!
41S#!45!7J4!7)&!&+'SS!)2)'S)"S%/!",+!7J4!74,SK!"%!)"S%!+4!R342'K%!M%!K'3%(+S#!7'+J!+J%!
"%&+!5'3&+ZJ)1K!8147S%KL%!543!M#!+4R'(T!!AJ%!'1+%32'%7!R34(%&&!J)&!L'2%1!M%!L44K!
'1&'LJ+Z!14+!41S#!'1+4!+J%!J'&+43'()S!5)(+&!45!+J%!+'M%/!",+!)S&4!'1+4!J47!+J%!K%('&'41!'&!
2'%7%K!+J'3+#!#%)3&!S)+%3!"#!+J4&%!7J4!7%3%!'124S2%K!'1!'+T!
'
! 5
XQXQZ )8G<8BH'
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E%L'&S)+'2%!G)1&)3K!K4(,M%1+&T!!AJ%3%!)3%!)!1,M"%3!45!3%)&41&!543!+J'&T!!.&!M%1+'41%K!
R3%2'4,&S#/!M)1#!45!+J4&%!7J4!R)3+'('R)+%K!'1!+J%!K%")+%&!'1!+J%!S%L'&S)+,3%!)3%!14!
S41L%3!)S'2%!+4!"%!'1+%32'%7%KT!!.S&4/!+J'3+#!#%)3&!'&!)!S41L!+'M%!)1K!M%M43'%&!M)#!J)2%!
5)K%K!41!+J%!M43%!1,)1(%K!K%+)'S&!45!+J%!&+43#T!!G)1&)3K!R342'K%&!)!&4,3(%!543!\,4+%&!
R%3+)'1'1L!+4!+J%!5,1K'1L/!3)+'41)S%!)1K!RS)11'1L!R34(%&&!45!*8#A3)'1!)M41L&+!4+J%3!
+J'1L&T!!AJ%3%!)3%/!45!(4,3&%/!K471&'K%&!+4!3%S#'1L!+44!J%)2'S#!41!G)1&)3KT!!D%")+%&!'1!
S%L'&S)+'2%!)&&%M"S'%&!)3%!'15S,%1(%K!"#!R)3+#!S'1%&T!!C+!'&!14+!1%(%&&)3'S#!)1!)((,3)+%!
&4,3(%!+4!4"+)'1!)1!'1K'2'K,)S[&!+3,%!+J4,LJ+&!41!)1!'&&,%T!!AJ%!*4(')S!@3%K'+!L42%31M%1+!
)1K!6%7!D%M4(3)+'(!<)3+#!4RR4&'+'41!)RR34)(J%K!'&&,%&!534M!2%3#!K'55%3%1+!R4'1+&!45!
2'%7T!AJ%&%!K'55%3'1L!R4'1+&!45!2'%7!)3%!45+%1!&'MRS'5'%K!+4!)!5%7!&S4L)1&!X%TLTg!^-,#!
@)1)K')1_Y!3)+J%3!+J)1!)!K%+)'S%K!K%")+%T!!AJ%3%543%/!C!)(8147S%KL%!+J%&%!K471&'K%&!+4!
+J'&!K)+)!&4,3(%!)1K!,&%!'+!(),+'4,&S#T!!C!)S&4!,&%!'1543M)+'41!L)'1%K!534M!4+J%3!&4,3(%&!
&,(J!)&!+J'3K!R)3+#!"448&!41!+J%!*4(')S!@3%K'+!L42%31M%1+/!1%7&R)R%3!)3+'(S%&!)1K!4+J%3!
'1+%32'%7&!+4!")(8!,R!43!(41+3)K'(+!G)1&)3K!7J%3%!)RR34R3')+%T!!
G)2'1L!)(8147S%KL%K!+J%!S'M'+)+'41&!45!+J'&!&4,3(%/!C!&+'SS!(41&'K%3!'+!+4!"%!)!
(3,(')S!(4MR41%1+!45!M#!3%&%)3(JT!!B#!3%)&41'1L!543!+J'&!'&!)&!54SS47&T!!F'3&+S#/!+J%!")&'&!
45!M#!)3L,M%1+!'1!+J'&!R34W%(+!7'SS!"%!+J)+!+J%!*8#A3)'1!K%('&'41!7)&!'15S,%1(%K!"#!)!
R4S'+'()S!)L%1K)T!!G)1&)3K!R342'K%&!M#!M4&+!K'3%(+!'1&'LJ+!'1+4!+J%!R,"S'(!R4S'+'()S!
K%")+%!)+!+J%!+'M%T!C!)S&4!(41&'K%3!'+!)!3%S')"S%!'1K'()+43!45!+J%!S)3L%3!K%")+%!J)RR%1'1L!
4,+&'K%!+J%!S%L'&S)+,3%T!!AJ%!4RR4&'+'41!53%\,%1+S#!3)'&%&!R4'1+&!'+!(S)'M&!)3%!534M!
'
! 6
(41&+'+,%1+&T!!.&!)1#41%!7J4!J)&!)++%1K%K!)!K%")+%!'1!S%L'&S)+,3%!8147&/!'+!'&!14+!
)S7)#&!+J%!M4&+!R345%&&'41)S!43!R4S'+%!45!%V(J)1L%&T!!C1!M#!%V)M'1)+'41!45!+J%!
+3)1&(3'R+&/!C!J)2%!54,1K!3%5%3%1(%&!+4!'1&'K%!W48%&/!R)&+!&()1K)S&!)1K!4+J%3!)((,&)+'41&!
+J)+!C!(41&'K%3!2)S,)"S%!+4!M#!+4R'(T!!F43!)SS!45!+J%&%!3%)&41&/!C!"%S'%2%!+J'&!&4,3(%!+4!"%!
41%!45!L3%)+!'MR43+)1(%!'1!+J'&!R34W%(+!
C!"%L)1!M#!G)1&)3K!K)+)!(4SS%(+'41!'1!+J%!S%L'&S)+'2%!&%&&'41&!45!Ofef!7J'(J!'&!
7J%1!+J%!+4R'(!45!A3)1&R4!XS)+%3!?VR4Y!7)&!5'3&+!3)'&%KT!!B#!R34(%&&!7)&!+4!%V)M'1%!)SS!
'1K%V%K!+4R'(&!R%3+)'1'1L!+4!A3)1&R43+)+'41/!P)1(4,2%3/!A3)1&R4/!?VR4!)1K!P)1K%3!
l)SMT!!C1%2'+)"S#!+J%3%!7)&!42%3S)R/!)&!M)1#!K%")+%&!'1(S,K%K!M,S+'RS%!45!+J%&%!&%)3(J!
+%3M&T!!C!74,SK!+J%1!(4R#!+J%!%1+'3%!K%")+%!'1+4!)!743K!K4(,M%1+!)1K!,&%!)!&%3'%&!45!
J'LJS'LJ+'1L!(4S4,3&!+4!%MRJ)&'a%!+J%!M4&+!'MR43+)1+!\,4+)+'41&T!!C!&+4RR%K!(4SS%(+'1L!
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E'"3)3#T!!iJ'S%!+J%!RS)11'1L!5,1(+'41!543!+3)1&'+!74,SK!M42%!534M!+J%!(41+34S!45!+J%!
IP=D!'1!+J%!S)+%!Ofe:&/!%)3S#!;:&!+4!"%!,1K%3!R342'1(')S!(41+34S/!+J%!IP=D!S'"3)3#!
M)'1+)'1&!)!1,M"%3!45!+3)1&R43+)+'41!RS)11'1L!K4(,M%1+&!534M!'+&!%3)!45!+3)1&'+!
RS)11'1LT!.+!+J'&!S'"3)3#!C!7)&!)"S%!+4!S4()+%!5%)&'"'S'+#!&+,K'%&!543!E=A/!'1(S,K'1L!'1!K%R+J!
)1)S#&'&!45!(4&+&!)1K!S4()+'41T!!C1!)KK'+'41/!C!7)&!)"S%!+4!5'1K!%)3S#!K4(,M%1+&!534M!+J%!
0AD@!)1K!+J%'3!R34R4&)S&!543!+J%!.E=AT!!.!&+,K#!45!S)+%3!+3)1&R43+)+'41!RS)11'1L!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!O!C1!)KK'+'41!+4!G)1&)3K/!C!)++%MR+%K!)1!F3%%K4M!45!C1543M)+'41!3%\,%&+!+4!4"+)'1!R342'1(')S!L42%31M%1+!
K4(,M%1+&!"%+7%%1!+J%!R3%M'%3&!45!>1+)3'4!)1K!-@!R%3+)'1'1L!+4!+J%!*8#A3)'1!K%('&'41T!C!7)&!
,1&,((%&&5,S!'1!4"+)'1'1L!)1#+J'1L!",+!K4!14+!(41&'K%3!+J%!&%)3(J!%VJ),&+%KT!
'
! 7
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45!+J%&%!K4(,M%1+&!7)&!(J)SS%1L'1L!)1K!7J)+!C!7)&!)"S%!+4!+3)(8!K471!7)&!K41%!'1!)!
1%(%&&)3'S#!J)RJ)a)3K!7)#T!!C!J)K!+J%!L3%)+%&+!&,((%&&!,&'1L!+J%!6)+'41)S!E'"3)3#!)1K!
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+J%!0AD@T!!G47%2%3/!7J)+!C!J)2%!54,1K!3%R3%&%1+&!)!(34&&!&%(+'41!'1!+J%!(J3414S4L#!45!
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P)1(4,2%3T!!AJ%!K4(,M%1+&!C!J)2%!)3%!)S&4!(41&'&+%1+!'1!+J%!7)#!+J)+!+J%#!+)S8!)"4,+!
+J%!(43R43)+'41/!+J%!+%(J14S4L#!)1K!+J%!"%1%5'+&T!!AJ%3%543%/!'+!'&!3%)&41)"S%!+4!
(41(S,K%!+J)+!5,3+J%3!3%R43+&!74,SK!K'&(,&&!+J%!+%(J14S4L#!'1!)!&'M'S)3!7)#T!!!
'
! 8
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2)3'%+#!45!R,3R4&%&T!!C!"%L)1!M#!'1'+')S!K)+)!(4SS%(+'41!7'+J!)!R3%S'M'1)3#!&%)3(J!+J34,LJ!
+J%!P)1(4,2%3!<,"S'(!E'"3)3#!(S'RR'1L&!5'S%&T!!C!)S&4!)((%&&%K!M%K')!K4(,M%1+&!534M!
>1+)3'4!+4!R342'K%!M%!7'+J!'1543M)+'41!534M!+J%!0AD@T!!C!)((%&&%K!+J%!!"#$%&'()
*+,-&"&'.))1K!+J%!/$(01&'()23$04*&"(5".5!"%(),&%!45!+J4&%!('+'%&[!(S4&%!+'%&!+4!+J%!
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7)&!J%)2'S#!M41'+43%K!"#!)1!'1+%3%&+%K!>1+)3'4!R,"S'(T!!AJ%3%!'&!(41&'K%3)"S%!%K'+43')S!
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K,3'1L!-'SS!-%11%++[&!#%)3&T!!C+!'&!,&%5,S!'1!'+&!K%&(3'R+'41!45!+3)1&R43+)+'41!K%('&'41&/!
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'
! 9
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+J%!53%%7)#!RS)1&!J)K!5'1)SS#!"%%1!&%+!)&'K%T!!!AJ%!%S%(+'41!'1!Ofe9!R34K,(%K!)!(J)1L%!'1!
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G47%2%3/!+J'&!S%5+!K471+471!P)1(4,2%3!'1!)!+'LJ+!&R4+m!+J%!",&!&#&+%M!7)&!,1)"S%!+4!
8%%R!,R!7'+J!K%M)1KT!!AJ%!41S#!&4S,+'41!J)K!"%%1!+J%!*%)-,&/!)!R)&&%1L%3!5%33#!&#&+%M!
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'
! 10
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+J%!R342'1(%!543!5,1K'1LT!!!-%543%!%V)M'1'1L!+J%!&4S,+'41&!R34R4&%K!"#!+J%!2)3'4,&!S%2%S&!
45!L42%31M%1+!'124S2%K!C!M,&+!5'3&+!%V)M'1%!+J%!"34)K!(4SS%(+'41!45!S'+%3)+,3%!
&,334,1K'1L!+J%&%!+4R'(&!'1!43K%3!+4!"%++%3!53)M%!+J%!M4+'2)+'41&!"%J'1K!+J%!K'55%3%1+!
+3)1&'+!R34R4&)S&!)&!7%SS!)&!+J%'3!+%(J14S4L'()S!M%3'+&!T!!AJ%!54SS47'1L!(J)R+%3!K%5'1%&!
+J%!+%(J14S4L#!5%)+,3%K!'1!+J'&!R34W%(+!)&!7%SS!)&!+J%!'15S,%1(%&!"%J'1K!RS)11'1L!
+3)1&R43+)+'41!M%L)R34W%(+&T!
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'
! 11
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.K2)1(%K!E'LJ+!=)R'K!A3)1&'+!X.E=A/!+J%!+%(J14S4L#!+J)+!"%()M%!*8#A3)'1Y!'&!&+'SS!
K%")+%K!'1!+J%!3%L'41/!%&R%(')SS#!7J%1!%VR)1&'41&!)3%!K'&(,&&%KT!!*8#A3)'1!3%M)'1&!)!
,1'\,%!(J4'(%!9]!#%)3&!)5+%3!4R%1'1L!"%(),&%!+J%!+%(J14S4L#!J)&!41S#!"%%1!,&%K!
S'M'+%K!)RRS'()+'41&!'1!4+J%3!S4()+'41&T!!>1S#!`,)S)!E,MR,3!5%)+,3%&!.E=A!)&!)!3)R'K!
+3)1&'+!&#&+%MZ!'+!7)&!'1&+)SS%K!'1!Off;!)1K!)+!9b8M!'&!(,33%1+S#!&J43+%3!+J)1!
P)1(4,2%3[&!?VR4!E'1%T!!P)1(4,2%3!7)&!41S#!+J%!&%(41K!'1&+)SS)+'41!45!.E=A!)5+%3!
A4341+4[&!*()3"434,LJ!=A!S'1%9/!)1K!7)&!+J%!5'3&+!)RRS'()+'41!45!+J%!+%(J14S4L#!)&!+J%!
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.&!P,(J'(!&+)+%&!'1!J'&!)3+'(S%!^AJ%!I3%)+!D%")+%g!<4+%1+')S!=4S%&!45!D'55%3%1+!A3)1&'+!
B4K%&_/!+J%!R34(%&&!45!&%S%(+'1L!)!+3)1&'+!M4K%!'&!14+!&+3)'LJ+5437)3K!)1K!3)3%S#!'&!'+!
")&%K!&4S%S#!41!+%(J14S4L'()S!M%3'+T!!^o+J%!K%('&'41!R34(%&&!'&!+44!45+%1!RS)L,%K!"#!
"')&%K!43!5),S+#!)3L,M%1+&!543!43!)L)'1&+!R)3+'(,S)3!M4K%&T!!A3)1&'+!k5)&J'41&[!J)2%!
&7%R+!+J%!743SK!K%()K%!)5+%3!K%()K%_!XP,(J'(/!Of;fg!d9YT!!<34R41%1+&!45!*8#A3)'1!)3L,%!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!9!.+!+J'&!+'M%/!'+!'&!S'8%S#!+J)+!+J%!*()3"434,LJ!=A!7'SS!"%!K%Z(4MM'&&'41%KZ!)3L,)"S#!)!R4S'+'()S!K%('&'41!
)&&4(')+%K!7'+J!A4341+4!B)#43!=4"!F43K[&!K%('&'41!+4!()1(%S!A3)1&'+!@'+#!<S)1&T!!G47%2%3/!'+!&J4,SK!"%!
14+%K!+J)+!+J%!=A!S'1%!'1!*()3"434,LJ!J)&!1%2%3!"%%1!2%3#!R4R,S)3!K,%!45!+J%!'1)"'S'+#!+4!,RK)+%!+J%!
()3&!43!'1(3%)&%!()R)('+#!7J'(J!3%&,S+&!534M!+J%!7)#!+J%!S'1%!7)&!(41&+3,(+%KT!
'
! 12
+J)+!'+!'&!)!J'LJS#!5,1(+'41)S!&#&+%M!543!+J%!3%L'41/!)1K!C!)(8147S%KL%!+J'&!'&!+3,%T!!-,+!C!
)S&4!)3L,%!+J)+!'+!J)&!R342%1!'+&%S5!+4!"%!)!k+3)1&'+!5)&J'41[/!)&!9]!#%)3&!S)+%3!14!3%L'41!
J)&!"4,LJ+!'+!)&!)!M)'1!S'1%!3)R'K!+3)1&'+!&#&+%MT!!AJ,&/!&'1(%!4+J%3!('+'%&!J)2%!5)'S%K!+4!
5'1K!'+!)&!)K2)1+)L%4,&!)&!+J%!R342'1(%!45!-T@!K'K/!'+!3)'&%&!)1!'1+%3%&+'1L!\,%&+'41g!!7J)+!
7)&!(41&'K%3%K!&4!)K2)1+)L%4,&!)"4,+!.E=A!+J)+!'+!S%K!+J%!3%L'41!+4!)")1K41!RS)1&!543!
)1!E=A!&#&+%M!'1!5)24,3!45!+)8'1L!41!+J%!3'&8!45!)1!,1+%&+%K!+%(J14S4L#j!
A4!)1&7%3!+J%!)"42%!\,%&+'41!C!J)2%!K%2%S4R%K!+74!53)M%7438&T!!AJ%!5'3&+!
53)M%7438!'&!+J%!+3)1&'+!+%(J14S4L#!)&&%&&M%1+!53)M%7438T!!AJ'&!53)M%7438!)&8&g!J47!
K4%&!'+!X3)'S!3)R'K!+3)1&'+Y!7438j!!C+!4,+S'1%&!+J%!K'&+'1L,'&J'1L!5%)+,3%!45!%)(J!==A!
&#&+%M!)1K!J%SR&!+4!R342'K%!)!")&'&!543!S)+%3!%2)S,)+'41!45!+3)1&'+!M4K%&T!!C+!)S&4!J%SR&!
K'&+'1L,'&J!7J)+!M)8%&!.E=A!&4!,1'\,%!)1K!C!,&%!+J'&!53)M%7438!+4!R342'K%!+J%!
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()+%L43'%&g!+%(J1'()S!%55'('%1(#!)1K!R4S'+'()S!%55'('%1(#T!!!C!%V)M'1%!J47!+J%!k4R+'M)S!
&#&+%M[!'&!K%5'1%K!'1!%)(J!45!+J%&%!2'%7R4'1+&T!!C+!'&!'MR43+)1+!+4!(41&'K%3!+J%!K%5'1'+'41&!
&%R)3)+%S#!"%+7%%1!+J%!+%(J1'()S!)1K!R4S'+'()S!53)M%7438&T!!D%R%1K'1L!41!+J%!
R%3&R%(+'2%!45!+J%!S%2%S!45!L42%31M%1+/!+J%!3)+'41)S%!543!(J44&'1L!41%!+%(J14S4L#!43!
)14+J%3!(4,SK!5)SS!'1!%'+J%3!+J%!+%(J1'()S!43!+J%!R4S'+'()S!53)M%7438&T!!>1%!53)M%7438!'&!
R3'43'+'a%K!42%3!)14+J%3/!)1K!+J,&!+J%!3)+'41)S%!()1!"%!(J)3)(+%3'a%K!)&!%'+J%3!R4S'+'()SS#!
4R+'M)S!43!+%(J1'()SS#!4R+'M)ST!!.SS!45!+J%!S'+%3)+,3%!7'SS!+J%1!"%!,&%K!'1!+J%!&,"&%\,%1+!
(J)R+%3&!45!)1)S#&'&!)1K!3%&,S+&!+4!J%SR!53)M%!)1K!(41+%V+,)S'a%!M#!5'1K'1L&T!
'
! 13
ZQZ /:E=G=GA'08=I'08L=H'(B8G<=?'(:>JGDIDAM'
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=)R'K!A3)1&'+!XE=AY!)1K!G%)2#!=)'ST!!@4SS%(+'2%S#/!C!J)2%!(J4&%1!+4!3%5%3!+4!+J%&%!+J3%%!
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'
! 14
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K%1&'+#!)3%)&/!&,(J!)&!K471+471&!)1K!+J)+!+J%'3!34,+%&!)1K!)RR%)3)1(%!L%1%3)SS#!M)8%!
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'
! 15
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'
! 16
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'
! 17
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'
! 18
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! 19
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! 20
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Title/Year Author (Who Said it) Context What was Said
1982 Legislative Session: 4th Session, 32nd
Parliament
HANSARD Official Report of
DEBATES OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY
(Hansard)
MONDAY, APRIL 5, 1982 Afternoon Sitting
Curtis, Hugh Austin (Minister, SC, Saanich
and the Islands)
Budget Announcement
Keywords: projects underway, $3,6 billion capital spending program, 40,000 jobs, including lrt system for
greater Vancouver region, province with leadership role,
Expo 86, light rapid transit system, historic undertaking, Annacis Island Crossing, substantially ease traffic
congestion in southern part of Vancouver urban region, grants for transit less than 12%, high quality transit
services not jeopardized
How it's used: LRT mentioned in passing in budget speech- in reference to jobs, investment, there are
limitation to transit grants, but that services should not be affected
1982 Legislative Session: 4th Session, 32nd
Parliament HANSARD
Official Report of
DEBATES OF THE
LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY (Hansard)
TUESDAY, APRIL 6,
1982
Afternoon Sitting
Hewitt, James J (Honorable, SC,
Boundary-Similkameen)
Gov't support: Budget
Keywords: ALRT (automated light rapid transit system), $718 million btwn 1981 and 1986, 1,700 on-
site construction jobs, 1,00 jobs in manufacturing sector, Bill Vander Zalm, ALRT, modern transportation,
modern city How it's used: Discussion of the items above to
support the budget- extremely positive.
!
! 94
1982 Legislative Session:
4th Session, 32nd Parliament
HANSARD Official Report of
DEBATES OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY
(Hansard)
THURSDAY, APRIL 15,
1982
Morning Sitting
Ritchie, William S (SC,
Central Fraser Valley)
Gov't support:
Budget
Keywords: great projects, ALRT, 1,700 jobs, oppose
NDP motion of non-confidence How it's used: Passing reference to why the budget
should be supported regarding the mega projects of the gov't and the jobs that are going to come about with
these projects. Also makes passing reference to the NDP motion of non-confidence that must have come
about from the budget?
1982 Legislative Session:
4th Session, 32nd
Parliament HANSARD
Official Report of DEBATES OF THE
LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY THURSDAY, APRIL 15,
1982
Morning Sitting
King, William Stewart
(NDP, Shuswap-
Revelstoke)
Budget
discussion; NDP
non-confidence motion
Keywords: billion dollars necessary for development in
Vancouver, Transpo 86, askew priorities, exhaustion of
provincial and federal funds, rural communities, equity, How it's used: Argues that the NDP position is that the
Social credit p.o.v is askew, and that the money being given to these mega projects should be spent on other
important issues, and makes emphasis of rural communities
1982 Legislative Session:
4th Session, 32nd Parliament
HANSARD Official Report of
DEBATES OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY
FRIDAY, JUNE 4, 1982
Lorimer, James (NDP,
Burnaby-Willingdon)
Bill debate
(Special Fund)
Keywords: UTF, $55 million for transit, get publicity,
Social Credit Party, lack of commitment to transit problems
How it's used: Questions about the UTF and whether it was for anything other than publicity
!
! 95
1982 Legislative Session:
4th Session, 32nd Parliament
HANSARD Official Report of
DEBATES OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY
FRIDAY, JUNE 4, 1982
Morning Sitting
Davis, Jack (minister,
SC, North Vancouver- Seymour)
response Keywords: $39 million on 114 cars, physical work, $11
million for 1 km of line, $50 million into a $400 or $500 million expenditure, all rights-of-way decided on,
exception: 4 block section on Commercial drive in Vancouver East, 1/3 of the way into the program, on
budget, on time, $350 million contract with Metro-Canada, binding provincial authorities and Ontario,
commitments made, no turning back
How it's used: Explains the financial commitments to date, and how those demonstrate that the project is
obviously going ahead. gives an estimate on total expenditure, that there is a contract with Metro-Canada
binding the two provinces, there's no real way to turn back
1982 Legislative Session:
4th Session, 32nd Parliament
HANSARD Official Report of
DEBATES OF THE
LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY FRIDAY, JUNE 4, 1982
Morning Sitting
Lorimer, James (NDP,
Burnaby-Willingdon)
response Keywords: transit not priority, what is budget, what's
the time frame, proper rail system would have been in, no movement on transit
How it's used: questions commitment to transit, asks about budget and time frame: "I've watched this
cabinet for seven years, and the top priority isn't
transit"
!
! 96
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