UNESCO-NIGERIA TECHNICAL & VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

REVITALISATION PROJECT-PHASE II

YEAR I- SE MESTER 2

PRACTICALS/

Version 1: December 2008

NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN

CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

BASIC PRINCIPLES IN SURVEYING II

COURSE CODE: SUG 102

CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

BASIC PRINCIPLES IN SURVEYING II (SUG 102)

PRACTICAL COURSE INDEX

WEEK 1-3. 1.0 COMPASS TRAVERING. WEEK 4-6. 2.0 TERTERIARY LEVELING. WEEK 7-9. 3.0 TACHEOMETRIC SURVEY. WEEK 10-12. 4.0 THEODOLITE TRAVERSE. WEEK 13-15. 3.0 SETTING OUT.

PRACTICAL WORK FOR WEEK ONE – THREE.

TITLE :

Compass Traversing

AIM :

To Carry out compass traversing of a closed figure, produce the plan and make graphical

adjustment.

EQUIPMENT :

Prismatic compass, steel tape, linen tape, ranging pole, arrows, chain survey field book,

pegs, nails and bottle cork, protractor, set squares, pencil, ink, eraser, scale rule, drawing

paper etc.

Figure 1.1 : A steel measuring tape.

PROCEDURE

(1) Select required instruments.

(2) Conduct a Field reconnaissance.

(3) Sketch a Reconnaissance diagram.

(4) Set up the instrument.

(5) Run the compass survey round the figure.

(6) Read and book bearings.

(7) Measure the distances and book.

(8) Reduce and compute the data

(9) Adjust the compass traverse by graphical method

(10) Plot the data on the drawing paper (using scale 1:500).

Start

and end

station.

Figure 1.2 : Closed Traverse Network.

CONCLUSION:

Draw the final network on the paper and check a diagonal using suitable scale.

N

2 3

5

1

4

PRACTICAL WORK FOR WEEK FOUR - SIX.

TITLE :

Tertiary Leveling.

AIM :

To carry out tertiary leveling, reduction to produce elevations of all permanent stations along

a circuit of about 1km.

EQUIPMENT:

Level, tripod, leveling staves, steel tape, linen tape, ranging pole, arrows, leveling field book,

foot plate, pegs, nails and bottle cork, pen, etc.

Procedure:

(1) Select instruments.

(2) Conduct a Field reconnaissance

(3) Sketch a Reconnaissance diagram of the area.

(4) Set the level instrument and check the back sight and fore sight are approximately the

same length.

(5) Place a staff on the starting point and a staff where the interval terminates.

(6) Observe the back staff, read and note the readings.

(7) Observe the forward staff, read and note the readings.

(8) Reduce the readings.

CONCLUSION:

Summarize the final reduced levels in tabular from and comment on the closing error.

PRACTICAL WORK FOR WEEK SEVEN – NINE.

TITLE :

Tacheometric Surveying

AIM :

To Use theodolite along with staff to obtain distances and heights.

EQUIPMENT:

Theodolite, tripod, leveling staff, steel tape, linen tape, ranging pole, arrows, traverse survey

field book, pegs, nails and bottle cork, pen, protractor, set squares, drawing paper, scale rule,

eraser etc.

RLx

Figure1.0 Inclined line of sight in stadia tacheometry.

With reference to the above figure;

Horizontal distance P x = D = KS cos2 Ø + C cos Ø (i)

Stadia lines M

X

hi

D

P

S

V

θ

Vertical distance V = ½ K S sin 2Ø + C sin Ø (ii)

Reduced level of X = RLX = RLP + hi ± V – m (iii)

Where;

K = the multiplying constant of instrument, usually 100

C = the additive constant of the instrument, usually 0

S = the difference between the two stadia readings

Ø = the vertical angle along the line of sight

hi = the height of trunnion axis above point p

m = the middle staff reading at X

+v = used if there is an angle of elevation

- v = used if there is an angle of depression

PROCEDURE:

(1) Select instrument

(2) Conduct a Field reconnaissance

(3) Sketch the Reconnaissance diagram

(4) Set up the instrument at the instrument station

(5) Perform temporary adjustment

(6) Measure the height of instrument (hi)

(7) Set the telescope and the staff so that all the three stadia hairs intersect the staff

(8) Book the vertical circle reading and horizontal circle readings

(9) Read and book the three stadia hair readings

(10) Reduction of angles

(11) Compute the distances and reduced levels using the following formula;

Horizontal distance P x = D = KS cos2 Ø + C cos Ø (i)

Vertical distance V = ½ K S sin 2Ø + C sin Ø (ii)

Reduced level of X = RLX = RLP + hi ± V – m (iii)

Where;

K = the multiplying constant of instrument, usually 100

C = the additive constant of the instrument, usually 0

S = the difference between the two stadia readings

Ø = the vertical angle along the line of sight

hi = the height of trunnion axis above point p

m = the middle staff reading at X

+v = used if there is an angle of elevation

- v = used if there is an angle of depression

CONCLUSION:

Draw the plan on the paper, using a suitable scale.

PRACTICAL WORK FOR WEEK TEN - TWELVE.

TITLE :

Theodolite Traversing.

AIM :

To carry out theodolite traversing of roads surrounding the school,

Compute and plot the traverse network on a drawing paper.

EQUIPMENT :

Theodolite, tripod, steel tape, linen tape, ranging pole, arrows, traverse field book, pegs, nails

and bottle cork, pen, protractor, set squares pencil, ink, eraser, scale rule, drawing paper etc.

FIGURE 2.1 Using the Theodolite.

FIGURE 2.2 : Wooden Pegs

Figure 2.3 : A measuring Tape.

PROCEDURE :

Figure 2.4 : Open Travers.

(1) Select instruments

(2) Conduct a Field reconnaissance around the roads surrounding the school.

(3) Sketch Reconnaissance diagram.

(4) Set up the instrument at the starting station.

(5) Perform temporary adjustment of the theodolite.

(6) Observe both face left and face right on the instrument.

(7) Read and book the horizontal circle reading and vertical circle reading on both face

left and face right of the instrument.

(8) Measure the distances simultaneously along each traverse leg in turn.

(9) Reduce the bearings.

(10) Compute the data and sketch the traverse.

CONCLUSION:

Draw the traverse network on the drawing paper and ink.

B

C

D

A

A

PRACTICAL WORK FOR WEEK THIRTEEN - FIFTEEN.

TITLE :

Sstting Out.

AIM : To set out a simple building plan (four corner) on the ground.

EQUIPMENT:

Theodolite, tripod, levelling staff, steel tape, ranging pole, arrows , pegs, nails and pen, scale

rule,building plan,profile board, etc.

5000mm

D C

90⁰ 90⁰

5000mm

PROCEDURE:

(1) Read and understand the drawings thoroughly.

(2) Determine the base line/building by direct measurement.

(3) Establish the two corners on the building Line (A and B).

(4) Set up the Theodolite at the one corner (A) on the building line.

(5) Perform temporary adjustment of the Theodolite.

(6) Turn the instrument to sight a ranging pole at point (B).

(7) Adjust the horizontal circle bearing to read 00⁰ 00’ 00’’.

(8) Turn the instrument anticlockwise until angle 90⁰ 00’ 00’’ is obtained.

(9) Align a ranging pole to the line of sight and place a ranging pole.

(10) Measure out the horizontal line AD from the plan and peg.

(11) Transfer the equipment from A to point D and sight back to A.

(12) Adjust the horizontal circle bearing to read 00⁰ 00’ 00’’.

(13) Turn the instrument anticlockwise until angle 90⁰ 00’ 00’’ is obtained.

(14) Align a ranging pole to the line of sight and place a ranging pole.

(15) Measure out the horizontal line DC from the plan and peg.

(16) Transfer the equipment from D to point C and sight back to D.

(17) Repeat steps (7-9) to give line CB.

(18) Join line AB and check the distance from the plan.

A B

90⁰ 90⁰

DIAGONALS

BASE LINE

(19) Check the diagonals; AC and BD, if the same in lengths, the exercise is accurate

otherwise check work over for necessary corrections.

(20) Set up profile boards at each corner of the building.