COS STANDARD 13

Summarize major legislation and court decisions from 1800 to 1861 that led to increasing sectionalism, including the Missouri Compromise of 1820, the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Acts, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the Dred Scott decision.

DESCRIBING ALABAMA’S ROLE IN THE DEVELOPING SECTIONALISM OF THE UNITED STATES FROM 1819 TO 1861,

INCLUDING PARTICIPATION IN SLAVERY, SECESSION, AND THE INDIAN WAR, AND

RELIANCE ON COTTON

ANALYZING THE WESTWARD EXPANSION FROM 1803 TO 1861 TO DETERMINE ITS EFFECT ON SECTIONALISM, INCLUDING THE

LOUISIANA PURCHASE, TEXAS ANNEXATION, AND THE MEXICAN CESSION

DESCRIBING TARIFF DEBATES AND THE NULLIFICATION CRISIS BETWEEN 1800 AND 1861

ANALYZING THE FORMATION OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY FOR ITS IMPACT ON THE 1860 ELECTION OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN AS

PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES

Chapter 10

Missouri Compromise Should slavery expand west? Could upset the balance of free and slave states

in the Senate Also called the Compromise of 1820 Missouri will be a slave state, Maine will be a free

state Slavery will not exist in the Louisiana Purchase

above the 36°30’ line (Missouri’s southern border) Henry Clay helped push it through Will this be a temporary solution to the slavery

issue?

Missouri Compromise

Compromise of 1850 Henry Clay “the Great Compromiser” Pair 1: California admitted as a free state, the

rest of the Mexican cession is organized without restrictions on slavery

Pair 2: settles the border between Texas and New Mexico in favor of New Mexico, but the US will take on Texas’s debts

Pair 3: outlawed the slave trade in Washington D.C., but slavery can still exist

Pair 4: Congress cannot interfere with the slave trade and would pass new fugitive slave laws

Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850 Huge debate Clay’s bill will not pass Stephen Douglas helps

the CompromiseBreaks up the Compromise

into smaller billsMakes it easier for all parts

to pass, because people can vote or abstain for any part they support or do not support

Eases tensions for a while

Compromise of 1850

Fugitive Slave Act If someone is suspected to be a runaway, all a

person has to do is point out a runaway slave and they will be taken into custody.

Taken to a federal commissioner A sworn statement was made that the captive was

a runaway slave or testimony from a white person African Americans had no right to a trial and could

not testify against a white person There was a financial incentive given to the

commissioner if he found in favor of the slaveholder.

Fugitive Slave Act

Federal marshals had to help capture runaway slaves.

People could be deputized to help search for runaways.

If you refused to help capture a runaway you could be jailed or fined.

Northerners disliked the act. Northerners resisted.

Underground Railroad

Fugitive Slave Act

Kansas-Nebraska Act New territories opening up cause people to

want a transcontinental railroad. Railroad that connects the east to the westPromotes growth and expansion

The South wanted the TR to run from New Orleans, but that would mean they had to purchase land owned by Mexico.Arizona and New Mexico: Gadsden Purchase, $10

million Stephen Douglas had another agenda.

Wanted the railroad to start in Illinois, but that would mean Congress would have to organize that land.

Kansas-Nebraska Act Douglas prepared a bill to organize Nebraska. The House pass the bill, the Senate wanted

Douglas to repeal the Missouri Compromise and allow slavery in the west.Would divide the country

First, Douglas tried to avoid the issue of slavery by saying the new territory would exercise popular sovereignty.Did not work: if Missouri Compromise was still in

effect, slaveholders would not move there.

Kansas-Nebraska Act Next, Douglas proposed to undo the Missouri

Compromise and allow slavery. He also proposed to divide the area into two pieces. Nebraska on top (free), Kansas on bottom (slave)People were mad because the Missouri

Compromise was a promise to not let slavery spread.

Enough Democrats supported it.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Bleeding Kansas

There was a fight to make Kansas a slave/free state.

Those who wanted to make Kansas a slave state came from Missouri and voted illegally for a pro-slavery legislature.

Antislavery settlers held a convention in Topeka and drafted their own constitution with no slavery.

Kansas had two governments.

Bleeding Kansas The people from

Missouri who voted illegally, attacked the antislavery settlers in Lawrence.

Completely terrorizing the town: Bleeding Kansas.Scene of territorial civil

war between pro-slavery and antislavery settlers

200 died and $2 million in property damages

More Bleeding Kansas

President Buchanan urges Kansas to become a state.

Pro-slavery legislature schedules elections, but antislavery people boycotted it (rigged).

Antislavery forces voted down the pro-slavery constitution. Pro-slavery forces voted for it.

Buchanan accepts the pro-slavery constitution. The Senate accepted the Lecompton

Constitution, the House blocks it.

More Bleeding Kansas

Because of the lack of support, another vote was held.

The settlers in Kansas voted to reject the Lecompton Constitution.It delays Kansas from becoming a state until 1861. Kansas will be a free state.

Dred Scott Slave from Missouri Master moved him from Missouri to Illinois,

then to Wisconsin, then to Missouri and finally to Louisiana.

Because of his stay in free states/territories, Scott could have claimed his freedom.

Once he returned to the South, abolitionists helped Scott sue for his freedom.

Dred Scott’s case went to the Supreme Court.

Dred Scott versus Sandford Roger Taney, chief justice of the SC, ruled

against Scott.African Americans were not citizens and could not

sue in court. Taney addresses the Missouri Compromise.

MC is unconstitutional Dred Scott case further intensified the

sectional crisis.

Dred Scott and Roger Taney

John Brown’s Raid Abolitionist Wanted to lead a slave insurrection at the

federal arsenal in Harper’s Ferry Virginia Plan: seize the arsenal, free slaves and kill as

many whites as they could He and his followers seized the arsenal on

October 16, 1859. Within 36 hours, the Marines stormed the

arsenal and captured Brown and his followers. No slave ever aided John Brown.

John Brown’s Raid He was tried, convicted

and sentenced to death. He was killed on

December 2, 1859. Northerners viewed

Brown as a martyr. Southerners believed

that all northerners had a plot to kill all slaveholders.

John Browns’ Raid

Formation of the Republican Party

1854 Named after

Democratic Republicans: Jefferson’s first party

Could not agree about abolishing slavery, but agreed that slavery should not expand into the territories.

Lincoln-Douglas Debates Debate in 1858 between Abraham Lincoln and

Stephen Douglas for an Illinois Senate seat Douglas supported popular sovereignty. Lincoln believed slavery was morally wrong

and opposed the spread of slavery west (not an abolitionist).

Lincoln used this debate to clarify the Republican Party ideals; made a name for himself as a clear, insightful thinker who could argue with force and eloquence.

Douglas won the election.

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Election of 1860 Lincoln: Republican, denounced John Brown’s

Raid, the South’s right to preserve slavery within its borders, higher tariffs, new homestead laws and a transcontinental railroad

Douglas: Northern Democrat, popular sovereignty Breckinridge: Southern Democrat, supports Dred

Scott decision, federal slave code for western territories

Bell: Constitutional Union, upholding the Constitution and the Union

Lincoln wins the 1860 election. The South secedes.

CandidatesJohn Bell