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SURUHANJAYA TENAGA (ENERGY COMMISSION)

No. 12, Jalan Tun Hussein, Presint 2, 62100 PutrajayaTel : 03 8870 8500 Fax : 03 8888 8637 Toll Free Number : 1-800-2222-78 (ST)

Email : [email protected]

INTRODUCTION 2What is energy efficiency? 2Why do we need to use electricity efficiently? 2

YOUR MONTHLY ELECTRICITY BILL 3Electricity consumption in your home 4Cost of electrical appliances usage 4Formula to calculate the cost ofusing electrical appliances 5Reducing your electricity bills 8Auditing your home 8

BUYING EFFICIENT ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES 13Energy labelling 15Energy performance of electrical equipment 15

USING ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT WISELY 17Energy Saving Tips in:• The Kitchen 18• Refrigerator and Freezer 18• Kettle 20• Oven And Microwave Oven 21• Cooker Hoods 22• The Laundry And Bathroom 23• The Living Room 26• Home Entertainment 30• Computers 32• Lighting 34

C O N T E N T S

YOUR GUIDE TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY AT HOME

Tips on smart use of energy to save money at home2

INTRODUCTION

Electricity is the main source of energy used at home. While youbenefit from using electrical appliances at home, you should useelectricity no more than is necessary. Using electricity efficiently notonly saves money but will also protect the environment. Protectingthe environment for future generations should be built intoeverything we do today.

Do you want to have lower electricity bills and do your part for theenvironment? Most homes are able to easily reduce 10% of theirelectricity consumption without sacrificing comfort levels.

What is energy efficiency?

Energy (electricity) efficiency means using electricity wisely in order toaccomplish the same tasks whether at home or at the workplace.Using energy efficiently also means paying less for electricity whilstbenefiting from its use!

Why do we need to use energy efficiently?

a) To save fossil fuels (oil, gas and coal) which are:

• depleting resources;• increasing in prices; and• emitting greenhouse gases and other dangerous gases that

have negative impact on human health and the environment

b) To preserve the environment, the only one that we have and needto preserve for our future generation; and

c) To save on domestic electricity bills.

You should benefit from usingelectrical appliances at homewhilst using electricity no more

than necessary

Efficient use of electricity is our daily practice

*Kapten EE : Mascot of Energy EfficiencyCampaign

YourElectricity

Bill

Monthly

3

The energy cost savings for efficientequipment, (which may be moreexpensive) over their life cycle,

can be more than the extra cost of purchase.



Electricity Consumption in Your Home

The kitchen is a good place to start as this is where the major part ofelectricity needs at home is consumed which amounts to about 45%as shown in Table 1.

An average family in a low or medium-cost house spends about RM80to RM170 per month respectively for electricity bill while the bill in atypical bungalow can exceed RM450 per month.

Cost of Electrical Appliance Usage

Many of us are unaware of the contribution of different appliances toour monthly electricity bill. We can easily carry out our own energyaudit to manage our electricity consumption to save electricity usage.

Table 1 shows the average electricity consumption costs per month ina low cost, medium cost and bungalow home for a family of five.

The electricity consumption cost per household depends very much onfamily size, living habits, number and age of electrical appliances andduration of use of each appliance.

You can calculate the approximate electricity cost of each differentappliance if you know these:

Source : CETREE, Your Guide to Energy Efficiency at Home, July 2003

Table 1 : Electricity Cost Per Month in Different Types of Houses

House Types Low Cost House Medium Cost House Bungalows

Cost / Percentage RM % RM % RM %

Kitchen 36 45 64.98 38 181.60 40

Living 24 30 54.72 32 177.06 39

Laundry / Bathroom 11.2 14 30.78 18 72.64 16

Others 8.8 11 20.52 12 22.7 5

TOTAL 80.00 100 171.00 100 454.00 100

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i. Power rating of the appliance (usually found on a nameplate oretched on the appliance) and its efficiency;

ii. Number of hours you use the appliance; andiii. The electricity tariff in Ringgit Malaysia per kilowatt-hour

(RM/kWh).

The following formula is used to calculate the cost of using electricalappliances:

Firstly, calculate the energy consumption in kWh

kWh = Power (in Watts) x Hours of operation1000

Where:kWh – unit of measurement for electricity consumptionk – 1000W = 1 kWW – Watt, the unit of measurement for the load

(i.e. how much power is drawn)h – hour, the unit for usage duration

Secondly, calculate the cost of energy

Energy Cost = Energy (kWh) x Electricity Tariff (RM/kWh)

The electricityconsumption cost perhousehold dependsvery much on familysize, living habits,number and age ofelectrical appliancesand duration of use ofeach appliance.



Example

A nominal “1 Horse power” air conditioner (A/C) has an electrical loadof about 850 to 950 watt. The cost of using a 950 watt air-conditionerunit for five (5) hours daily is derived as follows:

Firstly, calculate the energy consumption in kWh

kWh = 950 W x 5 h = 4.75 kWh1000

Secondly, calculate the cost of energy per day (refer to Table 2 fordomestic electricity tariff)

Energy Cost = 4.75 kWh x RM 0.218 = RM 1.04

Assuming that the usage is constant, the cost for using the air-conditioner for a month (assume 30 days) would be:

= RM 1.04 x 30 days = RM 31.20

Monthly electricity bills usually increase over time due to theincreased use of electricity. Increased consumption of electricity canbe caused by:

• Additional or new appliances • Longer duration of usage of appliances.• During festival periods when additional decorative lightings and

other appliances are used.• Replacement of older, smaller appliances with larger units for a

growing family.• Faulty appliances e.g. a refrigerator with faulty thermostat,

shortage of refrigerant or defective door gasket will result inhaving the refrigerator working continuously for longer periodthereby wasting electricity.

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Source : Tenaga Nasional Berhad, 2008

Table 2 : Domestic Electrical Tariff

The primary method isto analyse ourelectricity usage andassess where it can becomfortablycontrolled or usedmore efficiently. Youcan conduct your ownenergy audit at home.

Tariff Category Unit Rates

1. Tariff A

Housing Tariff

For total use between 0-400kWh

First 200 kWh (1-200 kWh) per month sen/kWh 21.8

Subsequent 200 kWh (201-400 kWh) per month sen/kWh 34.5

Minimum charge per month is RM3.00

For total use exceeding 400kWh

First 500 kWh (1-500 kWh) per month sen/kWh 30.0





Every Subsequent kWh (901 kWh onwards) per month sen/kWh 46.0

Minimum charge per month sen/kWh RM3.00

THE KITCHEN

REFRIGERATOR AND FREEZER

Things to check What to do

1. Location • The refrigerator should not belocated in at a warm place e.g.area exposed to directsunlight, or near a cooker orstove.

• There has to be adequatespace above, behind andaround the refrigerator forfree air circulation

Tip on smart use of energy to save money at home



Reducing your electricity bills

There are opportunities to improve the efficiency of electricity usageat home. Wise and efficient use can conserve energy, save money andhelp to protect our environment. The primary method is to analyseour electricity usage and assess where it can be comfortablycontrolled or used more efficiently. You can conduct your own energyaudit at home.

Auditing your home

The checklist below helps to audit home energy use and find outwhere energy is wasted as listed in Table 3. Please refer to Table 11 atthe back of the book to help you audit your home energy usage.Table 12 is also attached for your reference.

Table 3 : Energy Saving Tips for Household Electrical Appliances

2. Refrigerator • Check temperature of theTemperature Settings freezer:

a the temperature of thefridge should be setaccording to the contents ofthe fridge

� a ideal operating temperature is - 18°C

a adjust control thermostataccordingly.

• Check temperature ofrefrigerator compartment:a ideal refrigerator

temperature is 5°C at thecoldest part

a adjust the thermostat accordingly

3. Door gaskets • Check the door gasket is ingood condition by:

� a closing the door on a sheetof paper

a replace door gasket or adjust the alignment of therefrigerator / freezer if thesheet of paper is easilyremoved

4. Frost build-up • If the refrigerator is not afrost-free model:

� a check for frost in thefreezer compartment

� a do not let frost thickness exceed 6 mm

� a switch off to defrost andremove excess water beforerestarting

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Your Guide To Energy Efficiency At Home



5. Loading • Check on food arrangement,allow spaces between fooditems to ensure free aircirculation

6. Condenser • Check the condenser coils toensure they are clean tomaintain the efficiency of therefrigerator

ELECTRIC/MICROWAVE OVEN


1. Oven door gasket • Inspect regularly the doorgasket for signs of wear andtear

• Check for defects in the hingesof the oven door.

• If any fault on gasket or hingesis detected, call an authorizedperson to repair/replace thedevice.

AIR-CONDITIONERS


1. Installation • Make sure air conditioner isinstalled away from direct sunrays.

• Ensure that the air conditioneris of the correct size for theroom (Please refer to Table 6)

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2. Operating Temperature • Check and adjust thethermostat to give comfortabletemperature - normallycomfortable temperature isbetween 24°C and 26°C

3. Maintenance • Clean air filter to optimize(is recommended to be operation.carried out by authorisedperson) • Clean the outside

coil fins twice a year.

• Clean the blower unit coils atleast once a year.

• Check and adjust the thermostat to give acomfortable temperature.

• Check the level of systemrefrigerant once a year.

HOME ENTERTAINMENT


1. Television, personal • Ensure that the television,computer and radio personal computer and stereo

are switched off at the plugwhen not in operation(Standby mode will consumeelectricity).

• Make sure that the energysaver function of the computeris activated when left idle inbetween activities.



LIGHTING


1. Lights • Check that the lights used arethe energy efficient (EE) type,e.g. use fluorescent lights, or“Energy Saving Lamps”(Compact fluorescent lamps –CFLs) instead of incandescentlamps.

• Switch off lights when notrequired.

Buying

Appliances

EfficientElectrical

When buying electrical appliances it isimportant to choose the right size.

Refrigerators, air conditioning equipment,water heaters, televisions, and vacuum

cleaners come in various sizes. Larger sizeequipment consume more energy.

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Type Life (hrs, Light Output Purchase Energy Total Savingseach) Lumens/Watt Cost (RM) Cost (RM) Cost (RM) (RM)

Energy SavingLamps (CFL) 6,000 65 15.00 31.80 46.80 68.84- 18 WIncandescent - 60 W 1,000 18 12.00 103.64 115.64 -

Table 4 : Cost saving comparison of CFL vs. incandescent lamp

The cost of electricity used by an appliance over its working life oftenexceeds the purchase price of the appliance. Hence when purchasingan equipment one should consider the “total cost” of owning theequipment.

The energy cost savings for efficient equipment, (which may be moreexpensive) over their life cycle, can be more than the extra cost ofpurchase. Table 4 shows the cost comparison for lights.

The comparison shows that the energy efficient lamp (CFL) can saveabout RM68.84 over its life time compared with the cheaperincandescent lamps.

Similar comparisons can bemade for other equipment.It is important thatequipment is selected onthe basis of “total cost” ofpurchasing and operationcost for the equipment soas to get the best “value-for-money”

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Similar comparisons can be made for other equipment. It is importantthat equipment is selected on the basis of “total cost” of purchasingand operation cost for the equipment so as to get the best “value-for-money”.

Energy Labelling

When buying electrical equipment, look for energy labels. Energylabel shows energy efficiency rating of equipment and helps to makewise choice when buying the equipment.

In Malaysia, the energy labelling system for refrigerator has beenestablished under the supervision of the Energy Commission withcooperation from SIRIM since 2006.

Energy Performances of Electrical Equipment

The energy performance of some electrical equipment can be checkedat the nameplate. Air conditioners have Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER).EER indicates the conversion efficiency of the equipment; the higherthe value, the more efficient the appliance is. EER for an airconditioner denotes the ratio of the cooling capacity to the powerinput (watt).

When buying electrical appliances it is important to choose the rightcapacity. Refrigerators, air conditioning equipment, water heaters,televisions, and vacuum cleaners come in various capacities. Largercapacity consumes more energy.

Example:

When buying an air conditioner, look for the EER value of the unit.One horsepower (hp) air conditioner should have a minimum EERvalue of 8. The air conditioner capacity is usually stated in BTU/hour.The higher the value, the more efficient the unit is.



Table 5 : Imported equipment may have the following labels

The energy labelling will give the energy consumption performanceof the equipment and will help in making purchasing decisions.

USA Energy Star Labels (morestars mean less energyuse)

Thailand Star Rating (more starsmean lower energyconsumption)

UK Energy Star Rating(coloured code “A-G”. “A”means the most efficienctand “G” the leastefficient)

Australia Energy Star Rating (themore the stars, the lowerthe energy consumption)

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Using

WiselyEquipment

Electrical

When buying electrical appliances it isimportant to choose the right capacity.

Refrigerators, air conditioningequipment, water heaters, televisions,and vacuum cleaners come in variouscapacities. Larger capacity consumes

more energy.



ENERGY SAVING TIPS

THE KITCHEN

The kitchen always uses a substantial amount (of about 40%) of theelectricity in the home. If you live in a medium cost house, you cansave about 10% of electricity or RM78 per year by using energyefficient electrical appliances in your kitchen.

REFRIGERATOR AND FREEZER

Both equipments are normally used throughout the year and areconsidered the most expensive items to run in the kitchen. Thereforethey have high energy saving potential.

The reduced energy bill for a new energy efficient refrigerator orfreezer would usually compensate the cost of replacement of an oldand inefficient one.

A. Purchasing Guide

Refrigerator

• Choose the right capacity of the refrigerator to suit your familyneeds. A 550W refrigerator would cost about RM 22.50 permonth to run thus, it is best to avoid buying oversizedappliances.

• Remember to check for Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) of therefrigerator. The nameplate data will give the wattage of theequipment.

• Look for Energy Labeling of the refrigerator. In Malaysia, theenergy label for refrigerator has been established under thesupervision of the Energy Commission with cooperation fromSIRIM since 2006.

Freezer

An upright freezer uses more energy compared to a chest freezer. Onaverage the electricity bill for a chest freezer will be about RM10 permonth compared to RM14 per month for an upright freezer.

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B. Installation guide

Refrigerators/freezers give off heat when they operate to cool theircontents. This heat will cause the appliance to work for a longerperiod or become overheated and shorten its lifespan. Therefore, itwill consume more electricity and wear out quicker. Precautions totake note of when installing a refrigerator/freezer:

• The refrigerator should not be placed in a very warm place e.g.area exposed to direct sunlight or near a cooker.

• There should be adequate space above, behind and around thesides of the refrigerator for free air circulation.

C. Operating and Maintenance Guide

Refrigerator

• When you are going away for a holiday, empty and clean therefrigerator. Switch it off and leave its door open.

• Keep the condenser coils at the rear of the refrigerator clean.Dust and dirt on the condenser coils will reduce the workingefficiency of the refrigerator.

• Allow space around food stored in the refrigerator to permitfree air circulation. Leave hot food to cool down naturallybefore storing in the refrigerator.

• Avoid opening refrigerator frequently. Do not leave door openfor a long time.

The reduced energybill for a new energyefficient refrigeratoror freezer wouldusually compensatethe cost ofreplacement of anold inefficient one.

Cooker hoods don’t cost much torun, but they will extract heatedor cooled air out of your housequickly. Turn them off as soon asthe job is done.



Freezer

• Use vapour-proof, air tight wraps and containers when packingfood for freezing to ensure food is not dehydrated.

• Decide on what you need to keep or remove from freezerbefore opening the door, repeated opening of the door wastesenergy.

• Defrost the freezer when there is a 6 mm (1/4 inch) frost build-up.

Energy Saving Tip

If the temperature of the freezer is correctly adjusted to -18°C, asaving of 60kWh per year equivalent to RM13 per year can beobtained.

KETTLE

Electric kettle is a cost-saving equipment. It uses less electricitycompared to boiling water in a traditional kettle on an electrichotplate. In an electric kettle, the heating element is placed directlyin the water to be boiled and heat loss is thus avoided. The heatingelement must be regularly cleaned to reduce electricitycomsumption.

Other option:

Use a gas stove to boil water. This is much cheaper and more energy-efficient. Heat source from the gas stove is directly used to boil waterinstead of the double stage of using gas to generate electricity andthen using electricity to boil water. You will definitely save moneysince gas is cheaper than electricity

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Purchasing Guide

Choose an appropriate electric kettle size for your use. The bigger thesize the longer it takes to boil water. Therefore, the electricityconsumption is higher.

OVEN AND MICROWAVE OVEN

The traditional oven is a heavy energy consumer, so it has to beutilized in the best possible way. Alternatively you should consider amicrowave oven if it can fulfill your cooking requirements. It isefficient, simple to operate and an energy saver.

A. Purchasing Guide

• Microwave ovens use less energy and cook faster thanconventional electric ovens. They are also useful for heating (orre-heating) food quickly and can save up to 10-25%.

• A microwave oven saves up to 75% of energy for cookingcompared to a conventional electric oven because of its lowerpower demand and quicker cooking time.



B. Operating and Maintenance Guide

Oven

• Preheating of oven is normally not necessary and the oven canbe switched off 5 to 10 minutes before the normal cooking timelimit to use the retained heat of the oven. This can save 10-25%electricity required for the cooking.

• The oven door should be kept closed. If inspection is required,peek through the oven window.

• Thaw frozen food before cooking. This will save energy whichotherwise would be needed to thaw food in the oven (and maynot cook evenly).

• Plan oven meals and cook several dishes at one time, if possible.By doing this approximately 60% electricity can be saved.

Microwave Ovens

• Avoid operating the oven when it is empty as this can damagethe magnetron.

• Avoid using metallic containers in the microwave oven.

• Food in a microwave oven continues to cook or heat up evenafter the oven is switched off.

COOKER HOODS

Cooker hoods don’t cost much to run, but they will extract heated orcooled air out of your house quickly. Turn them off as soon as the jobis done.

Choose energy efficient cooker hoods (by looking for energy label)because it can reduce electricity bill. Efficient cooker hood that useshigh performance motor will save energy and lasts longer.

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LAUNDRY AND BATHROOM

Electrical appliances in the laundry and bathroom can cost up to RM400 per year. You can save money by using them according to therecommended operation and maintenance guide.

Water Heater

• There are two types of electric water heaters.

• Instant water heaters heat water as it is used, while storagewater heaters (less commonly used), store heated water forlater use; and

• The storage type of heaters tend to waste energy as theyattempt to keep the stored water hot all the time, even whenthe water is not used.

A. Purchasing Guide

• Choose an instant water heater because it consumes less energythan storage water heater.

• Should a storage hot water system be needed, select the correctsize.

• A water heater with a storage capacity of 23-27 litres issufficient for a family of 4-5 members.

• Switch off the heater after use (but use its stored watercapacity), to save on its energy consumption.

• Solar storage water heaters do not consume electrical energy.However, they are relatively expensive.



B. Installation Guide

• Always install hot water system according to themanufacturer’s instructions.

• For maximum efficiency, the hot water system shouldbe installed as close as possible to the point of mostfrequent use (especially for the storage type).

• Fit a “low flow fitting” that can reduce waterconsumption by up to 70%.


• Encourage quick showers instead of baths. Less hotwater is used in a shower.

Bathroom Tips:

• Install a quality, low flow showerhead.

• Insert a plug into the basin to avoid hot water running downthe drain.

• Fix dripping taps quickly.

• Turn off all appliances at the power point.

• Use the hair dryer on the low heat setting.

• Dry hair with towel before using the hair dryer.

Washing Machine

Washing machine is a common household appliance, which is used toalleviate house chores. The following provides purchasing andoperational and maintenance guide for efficient use of energy.

A. Purchasing Guide

• Select a washing machine that is the right size and has theappropriate features to suit your family’s needs.

• Top loading automatic washing machine consumes less energythan the front loading automatic machine.

Iron large batches of clothingat the same time to avoid

wasting energy in reheating.25

B. Operational and Maintenance Guide

It is a waste of electricity and water to use the washing machine justto wash a pair of trousers or a few shirts. Gather the laundry, so thatthe machine can be filled up. The electricity consumption is almostthe same for full or part load washing.

• Washing machines use relatively the same amount of energyregardless of the size of the laundry load. Run full loadswhenever possible.

• Do not overload the washing machine.

• Choose the correct wash cycle.

• Avoid using the pre-wash programme.

• Use optimum temperature setting. Avoid hot washing cycle, ifpossible.

Energy Saving Tip

One full load wash will cost RM 0.18. Cost per week for partial load in a daily wash is RM 0.18 x 7 = RM 1.26 Washing 3 times a week on full load will save about RM 37 per year.

Iron

An electric iron can be an “energy guzzler” if it is not used optimallyas it usually has a demand load of 1000 Watts.

Tip on smart use of energy to save money at home



A. Purchasing Guide

• Steam iron consumes more energy than dry iron.

• A lighter iron will heat up quicker and uses less energy while aheavy iron takes a long time to heat up before it can be used.


• Iron low temperature fabrics first to reduce the warm-up timeand switch the iron off before finishing the last garment.

• Iron large batches of clothing at the same time to avoid wastingenergy in reheating. Remember an iron takes energy to heat upand this energy is wasted if the iron is used for frequent ironingof a few items at a time.

• Turn the iron off if interrupted.

• Fold washed items carefully to avoid the need for ironing wherepossible.

THE LIVING ROOM

According to Table 6, many families spend RM300 per year onelectricity in the living area where a 10% savings would mean RM30savings in a year.

Air Conditioners

Home air conditioning which was once a luxury is now becoming anecessity or an affordable convenience to the middle incomepopulation as air conditioners become cheaper and more energy-efficient.

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The cheaper window type air conditioners are now losing out to the“split” type, which have the advantage of separating the compressorfrom the cooling unit thus reducing the noise level in the cooledroom.

The lower energy costs of the more efficient new air conditioners canoften justify replacement even if existing ones are still in goodcondition.

A. Purchasing Guide

• Choose the correct size of the air conditioning unit that yourequire. Table 6 is a guide for the suitable unit size for airconditioner according to room size.

• Look for the Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) of the air conditioner.EER for 1 hp unit ranges from 8 to 10. The higher the EER, themore efficient is the unit. The air conditioner output is usuallystated in BTU/hour (1 hp is about 9200 BTU/hr).

Table 6 : Guide for Appropriate Air Conditioning and Room Size


Room Size Air Conditioner Unit Size (Hp)

12 x 12 feet <1

14 x 14 feet 1-1.5

14 x 16 feet 1.5

15 x 16 feet 1.5-2.0

18 x 18 feet 2.0-2.5

21 x 21 feet 2.5-3.0



• Check the energy star rating of the unit. More stars indicatethat the air conditioner is more efficient (up to a maximum of6).

• Check the airflow rate, (normally in cubic feet per minute, orcfm); the higher the rate (between 200-300 cfm for a 1 hp unit)the faster the cooling and the better the air circulation is.

B. Installation Guide

For a split unit, the compressor is best located under a shade to avoidthe heating effect of direct sunlight on the unit and should haveadequate air circulation around it.


• Do not block air conditioner vents with drapes or furniture

• Keep windows and outside doors closed to keep minimizationthe cool air inside.

• Roof, or ceiling insulation, and air leaks from under doors andthrough windows can help to reduce the cooling energyconsumption.

• Stopping air leakages will help keep out the hot humid air, orreduce outflow of cool air, and thus reduce air conditioningload.

• Glaze your window with heat reflective glass glazing that hasselective reflective coatings where heat is reflected but light isallowed in.

• Insulation and glazing can reduce your cooling bill by up to40%.

• Regular maintenance will prolong the life of the equipment andhelp save energy.

• When you expect a hot day, turn on the air conditioner earlyrather than wait until your home becomes too hot.

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• On a hot day close your curtains and blinds. This helps to keepthe heat away.

• Regular maintenance of air conditioner including cleaning ofthe air conditioner and air filters as well as heat exchanger coilsis necessary to get the best performance out of the airconditioner.

• Landscaping – trees and shrubs next to the house help inreducing the cooling load.

• Shade screens, glass tints, and window/wall awnings areanother way of cutting down on heat gain.

Fans

Fans are cheap but reliable and seldom replaced Technology hasmade new fans more energy efficient.

The lower energy costs of the more efficient fans can often justifyreplacement even if existing ones are still in good service conditions.

A. Purchasing Guide

Check the Co-efficient of Performance (COP) described in m3/min/Wfor the fans.

The COP range is as follows

An 80W fan would cost about RM 7 per monthto operate. It is important to select energyefficient fans to reduce operating costs as theynormally operate for long hours everyday ofup to 12 hours a day.



Table 7 : Average COP for type of fan

Type of Fan Diameter and COP

Ceiling fans 48-60 inches diameter – 3.5 m3/min/W

Stand, table and wall fans 10-16 inches diameter – 1.0 m3/min/W

Box fans 10-14 inches diameter – 0.5 m3/min/W



• Ensure that the fan is not blocked at its rear as the resistance tothe air flow will either reduce its performance or make itoperate in an “overload” condition.

• Switch off fans if not needed. Automatic switches such asoccupancy sensor switches may be helpful as they will avoidenergy wastage.

• Fans will only circulate air and should hence be operated inconjunction with adequate ventilation so that cooler outside aircan provide for a reasonably comfortable environment

HOME ENTERTAINMENT

Red and green bulbs or blinking digits/figures on a display are tell talesigns of electricity wastage. You can see these on televisions, videoplayers, stereo sets, computers, microwave ovens, etc. It is expensiveto have all these electrical appliances switched on but left in standbymode.

The electricity consumption for such standby modes can easily run upto 100 kWh equivalent to RM22 per year. Switch off the applianceswhen you are not using them.

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A. Purchasing Guide

Home entertainment equipment is quite energy-efficient butdifferent manufacturers may still have different power requirementsfor similar appliances. Equipment graded under “Energy Star” orsimilar standards is efficient and should be selected where available.


Television, Video Player, Radio and Stereo

• Keep the lights low when watching television or video.

• Switch off the television, radio, etc when not in use.

• Avoid leaving the equipment on standby or left connected tothe electricity supply e.g. on standby mode.

Table 8 : Electricity Consumption When the Home Entertainment is in Standby Mode

Equipment Standby power (Watt) Annual electricity (kWh)

Stereo 1-25 7-185

TV-15 inch 3-9 21-65

TV-28 inch 0.1-14 1-100

Video 1-17 9-149


Equipment gradedunder “Energy Star”or similar standards isefficient and shouldbe selected whereavailable.



COMPUTERS

A. Purchasing Guide

• Purchase a computer that has an energy star label. The biggerthe number of stars, the more efficient is the computer withregard to energy consumption.

• Check that the computer has a sleep mode.

• Flat screen monitors are far more efficient than conventionaltypes (using cathode ray tubes).

• Lap-top, or note-book computers, consume much less energy(less than 30%) of desk top PCs.


• Avoid leaving the computer on standby mode. Table 9 showsthe energy usage of a computer when it is on standby mode.

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Conditions of computer operations:

Off : The computer is switched off at the contact breakeron the computer, but not at the plug.

Sleep mode : The computer is almost switched off – both theprocessor and the monitor can have a load of 1 – 30W.

Screen saver : Is used to protect the monitor. It is in a waitingposition with a picture and it does not save muchelectricity.

Table 9 : Computer Loads Under Various Conditions

Computer Off Sleep mode Screen Saver Busy

Processor 3W 10W 20W 25W

Monitor 3W 10W 80W 90W

Total 6W 20W 105W 115W



Item Watts Operating Unit Cost Daily Usage/Min RM/Month

Lights 400 015 sen/min 300.00 13.80

Table 10 : Electricity Consumption for Lighting

LIGHTING

Lighting accounts for only around 10% or less of your electricity bill.However, you can do several things to reduce this cost by choosing theenergy saving bulbs and act energy-minded. Refer to table 10 below,a 400W of lamp that is used for 2-3 hours/day will cost RM13.80 in amonth.

Types of Lamps

1. Incandescent lamps

Generate a high amount of heat and are typically used with a ratingof 60W. They are an inefficient artificial light source and their lightintensity efficiency is about 18 lumens/Watt.

2. Fluorescent lamps

Generate bright light and are most often used with a rating of 36W.These lamps come together with ballasts, normally rated at 8W loss,although low loss ballasts (up to 6 W) or high frequency electronicballasts (nominally less than 2 W) are also available.

3. Compact fluorescent lamps

Compact fluorescent lamps with power consumption of 11W haveequivalent bright light comparable to 60W incandescent lamps. Lightintensity efficiency of compact fluorescent lamps is about 60lumens/Watt.

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These lamps are fairly expensive, but they last up to 8 times longerthan incandescent lamps and use only about 20% of the energy toemit the same amount of light.

A. Purchasing Guide

• Shop for energy saving bulbs and lamps which can save up to80% in lighting energy costs.

• Choose energy saving lamps such as “compact fluorescentlamps” (CFLs). Even though they are more expensive topurchase, they save considerably more due to their lowerenergy consumption.

• Ordinary fluorescent lamps give about two times the light of anincandescent bulb.

• Where possible, use photo-electric switches or timers or dimmercontrols to save energy further.


Dust/clean your light bulbs and lamp shades once every 1 or 2 months.Keeping them clean increases the amount of light emitted.

Bedroom

• Use a ceiling mounted diffused light with a dimmer for generallighting.

• Use bedside table lamps for reading.

• Make use of natural light. Place your work tables near windowwhere possible.



Living Room

• Use dimmer switches to turn lights down to low.

• Make sure there is no light reflection on TV screen to ensurecomfort.

• Switch off the light when not in use.

Kitchen

• Make sure the work area is suitably lit.

• Install lighting directly above the work area.

• Install a doorway switched light for the pantry.

Bathroom And Storeroom

• Place a light above the mirror.

• Install a ceiling light for the larger bathroom.

• Install low wattage lamp for passage ways and storerooms.

SURUHANJAYA TENAGA (ENERGY COMMISSION)No. 12, Jalan Tun Hussein, Presint 262100 PutrajayaTel : 03 8870 8500Fax : 03 8888 8637 Toll Free Number : 1-800-2222-78 (ST)Email : [email protected]

© CETREE - Center for Education and Training in Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency

Week Meter Weekly Electricity Rate Estimated costNo. Reading Consumption

(Difference)

1 17850

2 17950 100 200kWh = RM0.218 100 kWj x RM0.218 =RM21.80

3 18150 200 Next 200kWh = (100kWj x RM0.218) +RM0.345 (100kWj x RM0.345) =

RM56.30

Bill amount for 3 weeks

RM56.30 + RM RM21.8 = RM78.1

Week Meter Weekly Electricity Rate Estimated CostNo. Reading Consumption

(Difference)

Table 11Example to monitor electricity consumption at home :

Table 12

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