sustainable home checklist

SUSTAINABLE HOME CHECKLISTfor houses

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SUSTAINABLE HOUSINGIt pays to future proof your home

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Sustainability is about considering social, environmental and economic factors when meeting the needs of current and future generations. We all have a role in protecting and enhancing our environment and maintaining our quality of life.

By implementing sustainable features in your home, you could save money and the environment over the longer term through water and energy savings. Also, homes should be designed for safety and security and to take advantage of our climate through subtropical design.

Sustainable homes have three key elements.

1. Environmental sustainability

The house is designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, save water and energy and reduce waste during construction and the house’s lifetime.

2. Social sustainability / universal design

The house is designed to prevent injuries through built-in safety features. It has security elements to reduce crime and improve the occupants’ sense of security. Features are also used to provide flexibility and comfort for people of varying abilities and at different life stages, including children and people with limited mobility.

3. Economic sustainability

The house is designed to save money during construction and over the lifetime of the house. Careful planning avoids the need for major future renovations and reduces costs associated with energy use, water use and maintenance.

Sustainable homes save more than the planet

The Queensland Government may soon require, through legislation, that all new homes

incorporate sustainable features such as greenhouse- efficient hot water systems, AAA-rated showers

and dual flush toilets.

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About this checklistThe purpose of this Sustainable Home Checklist is to give home owners, builders, developers and designers ideas on how to ‘future proof’ homes when designing, building and renovating. This checklist is for owners of detached houses, terrace houses, townhouses and villas only. Owners of units and apartments should use the Sustainable Home Checklist for Units and Apartments.

If you’re buying or building a new home, use this checklist to find out how sustainable your new home will be.

If you’re renovating, you will find some tips and advice on sustainable house design, fixtures, fittings and appliances.

The checklist offers tips on the best ways to save energy and water, plus ideas on making your home safe, secure, comfortable and accessible. These improvements save money by creating a home that not only costs less to run, but also will be comfortable from day one and won’t need expensive alterations to stay livable throughout your different life stages.

The checklist covers both home design and products that make the most of our subtropical climate.

If you are building a new home, be informed and make sure your builder is too – it’s your lifestyle that is being designed and built.

Read the checklist and raise these issues up front with your builder/designer – getting it right the first time means you don’t have to spend money down the track making alterations and renovations to your home.

Good communication with the builder and subcontractors will avoid problems later on. It ensures everyone has a good understanding of what you want.

Your builder may be able to provide you with a coordinated services plan. This will draw attention to the location and linkages between services installed by different subcontractors, such as smart meters, hot water systems, rainwater tanks and plumbing. It is important that contractors know how their work relates to other work.

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The checklist in this booklet scores how sustainable your home is. The higher the score, the more sustainable the home.

The checklist has been divided into two sections – essential criteria and desirable criteria.

Essential criteria must be met in order for the home to be considered a ‘sustainable home’. The home must have a greenhouse-efficient hot water system and water-efficient showers. Refer to page 4.

Desirable criteria relate to water heating and use, house design, windows, doors and walkways, kitchens, bathrooms, electrical and lighting and outdoor areas. Refer to pages 5-31.

To find out how sustainable your home is, circle the points for each feature and add up the points on each page. Finally, add up the total score and turn to page 32 for an explanation of the sustainability score.

Your home’s detailsNames of home owner/s: .................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

Street address: ..............................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

Suburb: ........................................................... Postcode: ..............................................

How to use the checklist

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Section A. Sustainable home essential criteria ..............................4

Section B. Sustainable home desirable criteria

Part 1 – Water heating and use

1.1 Greenhouse-efficient hot water system ....................................5

1.2 Water conservation elements ....................................................8

1.3 Rainwater tanks .......................................................................10

Part 2 – House design

2.1 House energy rating (HER) ......................................................12

2.2 Energy-efficient and subtropical home design .......................13

2.3 Universal home design ............................................................18

Part 3 – Windows, doors and walkways

3.1 Window, door and walkway design ........................................20

Part 4 – Kitchen

4.1 Kitchen design .........................................................................22

4.2 Cooking appliances .................................................................24

Part 5 – Bathroom

5.1 Bathroom design .....................................................................25

Part 6 – Electrical and lighting

6.1 Lighting ...................................................................................26

6.2 Electrical outlets and controls .................................................27

Part 7 – Renewable electricity generation

7.1 Renewable electricity generation ............................................28

Part 8 – Outdoors

8.1 Outdoor area design and features ..........................................30

Your Sustainability Score .............................................................32

Contents

To be considered ‘sustainable’, homes must have greenhouse-efficient hot water systems and water-efficient showers, regardless of the points achieved for other features in the checklist. Homes without the two essential criteria will waste energy, water and money. For more information on the benefits of greenhouse-efficient hot water systems and water conservation features, refer to Part 1.1 and Part 1.2.

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Tick this box if the home has a greenhouse-efficient hot water system

Essential criteria 1 – Greenhouse-efficient hot water systemThere are various types of hot water systems, including electric, solar and gas. Each of these systems has different greenhouse gas emissions and life-time running costs, as described on page 6.

The minimum standard for a greenhouse-efficient hot water system is a standard gas storage system. The home must have either a solar hot water system, an electric

heat pump hot water system or a gas hot water system as specified in the checklist table on page 7.

An electric storage hot water system does not qualify as greenhouse-efficient. They cause three times the greenhouse gas emissions of a standard gas storage system, and cost the home owner more money over the long term compared to other heat pump and solar systems.

To be considered ‘sustainable’, all showers in the home must be AAA-rated (9 litres per minute), to reduce water waste and to reduce energy used for water heating. For more information about water efficient ratings, please see Part 1.2 on page 8.

AAA-rated showers can save you up to $90 per year in water heating bills. Modern fixtures are designed to give a full and intense spray. Many AAA showers have adjustable multi-function sprays varying from mist to

forceful spray. They are now so well designed that the spray feels no different from a AA shower.

AAA-rated showers are the minimum standard for all homes, except those with continuous flow gas hot water systems. Many of these systems are generally not designed for low water flow rates (the instantaneous gas heating mechanism may not be triggered), so AA showers (12 litres per minute) are acceptable.

Essential criteria 2 – Water-efficient showers

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Tick this box if the home has either:• AAA-rated showers OR• AA-rated showers (homes with continuous flow gas hot water systems)

SAVEUP TO $90

PER YEAR

Section A

SUSTAINABLE HOME ESSENTIAL CRITERIA

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1.1 Greenhouse-efficient hot water systemsHot water uses about 33% of a home’s energy in Queensland. Burning of fossil fuels (such as coal and gas) to provide this energy generates greenhouse gas emissions.

There are various types of hot water systems including electric, gas and solar. Each of these systems has a different greenhouse impact, with electric storage systems producing the most greenhouse gases and solar systems producing the least.

Buying a greenhouse-efficient gas, electric heat pump or solar hot water system is a great start for a better environment. Hot water greenhouse emissions can be reduced by 80% with a greenhouse-efficient hot water system. Choosing the right hot water system can also make a big difference to your energy bills.

When purchasing a hot water system, consider the following.

• Storage system or continuous flow/instantaneous systems – storage systems heat the water in a tank and make it continuously available throughout the day, while continuous flow systems only heat the water as it is required and don’t run out of hot water. Continuous flow systems are smaller than storage systems and are usually mounted on a wall.

• Storage size – a storage system that is too small for your family’s needs will constantly run out of water, while a system that is too big will waste energy heating water unnecessarily.

Energy use & climate changeGreenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane come from human activities such as burning fossil fuels for electricity.

These gases accumulate in the atmosphere and trap the sun’s heat energy.

This is changing the Earth’s climate. These changes are causing global warming, more frequent and severe

storms, coastal flooding and erosion, damage to coastal ecosystems and

infrastructure, and spread tropical insect pests, weeds and mosquito-borne diseases.

Reducing our energy use and greenhouse gas emissions is a global responsibility and every one of us should be making an

effort to reduce emissions.

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Section A

SUSTAINABLE HOME ESSENTIAL CRITERIASection B

SUSTAINABLE HOME DESIRABLE CRITERIA

Part 1

WATER HEATING AND USE

BIGREDUCTIONS

IN GREENHOUSE

GAS EMISSIONS

Heat pump image courtesy of Rheem Australia Pty Ltd

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Part 1

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Hot water system

Greenhouse efficient Description

Solar systems • Solar systems consist of solar collector panels (installed on roof) and a storage tank (installed either on the roof or on the ground).

• Work best if located on a north-facing roof.• Least expensive hot water system to run.• More expensive to purchase than electric storage and gas systems, but may

be eligible for incentives of typically $1200 or more.• Provide approximately 65 - 80% of your hot water free of charge.• Very reliable – will still provide hot water on overcast days.• Gas or electric boosted to supply adequate hot water during periods of low

sunshine. The booster can be operated either manually or automatically.• Electric-boosted solar hot water systems are cheaper to purchase and run

than gas-boosted systems.• Gas-boosted systems produce less greenhouse gas emissions than

electric-boosted systems.

Natural gas or LPG systems

* a standard gas storage system qualifies as the minimum standard for a greenhouse-efficient hot water system.

• Gas systems may be either storage (tanks) or continuous flow (usually wall mounted) systems. Internal and external models are available. Internal models must be flued to allow exhaust fumes to escape to the outside air.

• May cost more to run than electric storage hot water systems.• Gas hot water systems are rated using the Australian Gas Association rating

system – the higher the star rating, the more energy-efficient the system is.• LPG is used in areas where natural gas is not available – phone your energy

retailer to find out what is available for your home.• LPG costs more to use than natural gas.

Electric heat pump systems

• Heat pumps consist of a storage tank, booster, compressor, evaporator and condenser. Heat pumps are generally located outside and installed on the ground, however split systems (ie some parts installed inside and some outside) are available.

• Heat pumps use heat from the air to heat the water in the tank. This highly efficient form of water heating uses around 70% less electricity than electric storage hot water systems.

• Cost less to run than normal electric storage units because of their high efficiency – installing a timer saves even more energy and prevents potential noise nuisance from the heat pump operating at night.

• More expensive to purchase than electric and gas systems, but may be eligible for incentives of typically $1200 or more.

• Heat pumps work in a similar way to air conditioners, and produce a similar amount of noise – as with air conditioners, purchasers should check the system has a low noise level rating, and locate heat pumps away from neighbours to avoid causing noise nuisance.

Electric storage and electric instantaneous systems

• Electric systems may either be storage (tanks) or instantaneous (wall-mounted) systems.

• Least expensive system to purchase.• More expensive than solar or heat pump systems over the

system’s lifetime.• Electric storage systems produce around three times as much greenhouse

emissions as a standard gas hot water system.

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If you install a new solar or heat pump system to replace an electric one, or you install a solar or heat pump system in a new home, you’ll be eligible to receive incentives of typically $1200 or more.

Each solar or heat pump system is eligible for a certain number of Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs), that you can either keep or sell to your retailer. The RECs scheme was developed by the Federal Government to encourage reduced greenhouse gas emissions from the

use of electricity. For more information, visit www.orer.gov.au.

Incentives are only available when buying a new solar or heat pump system or replacing an electric hot water system. Incentives are not available when replacing a gas hot water system, however this is under review.

Contact your hot water appliance retailer for further details.

$$$ Incentives for installing solar or heat pump systems

HOT DEALS ON HOT WATER

Sustainable renovatingInstall your hot water system as close as possible to the kitchen, bathroom and laundry as these rooms use the most hot water. If the hot water storage unit is located a long distance from these areas, large volumes of water may be wasted as people wait for the hot water. Also consider shelter for your hot water system and insulating the first few metres of hot water pipes – this will help reduce heat losses from storage tanks and pipes and will protect gas pilot lights from draughts. When renovating, one of the most beneficial changes you can make to your home is to convert to a greenhouse-efficient hot water system.

Is the new hot water system greenhouse-efficient?

Is the hot water storage unit located as close as possible to the kitchen and bathroom? If this is not possible, install it close to the kitchen, which typically uses small amounts of hot water throughout the day.

If you are considering a heat pump, check it has a low decibel noise rating and locate it away from neighbours to avoid causing a noise nuisance. Installing a timer on your heat pump system can limit its night-time operation.

All new homes in Queensland must have a tempering valve installed, to limit the temperature coming from the hot water system. Renovators should consider installing a tempering valve. A tempering valve is not a thermostatic mixer.

Electricity tariffsWhen using electric-boosted solar hot water systems or electric heat pump systems, connect the system to an off peak tariff to save money. Contact your

electricity retailer for more information.The house has one of the following types of hot water systems.

Number of points (circle one only)

Solar system with gas booster with a minimum of 24 Renewable Energy Certificates.

9

Solar system with electric booster with a minimum of 24 Renewable Energy Certificates.

6

5-star rated gas system (continuous or storage).

4

Electric heat pump system. 3

Standard gas continuous flow system.

3

Standard gas storage system (does not score points as it is the minimum standard for greenhouse efficiency).

minimum standard

Sustainable Home

Write the make and model of the hot water system here:

Total points on this page (add up circled points). C1=

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The average Queensland household uses about seven domestic swimming pools of water each year (about 340 kilolitres). Using less water in and around the home will help conserve our precious water supply for the future.

Water fixtures and water-using appliances are usually rated from A to AAAAA using the National Water Conservation Rating System. The higher the A rating, the greater the water savings.

A new mandatory star rating scheme has recently been introduced by the Federal Government, and will start to appear on appliances in late 2005. The Water Efficiency Labelling and Standards Scheme (WELS) will require water efficiency labels on all water-using appliances, making it even easier for you to select the right appliance for your needs.

AAA-rated showers can save about 15,000 litres of water every year. They also reduce the amount of hot water you use, saving on energy and saving you about $90 per year.

Note: AAA-rated showers may not be compatible with continuous flow gas hot water systems. So, if you have one, it is recommended that you install a AA shower instead.

There are various other devices that can help your household conserve water.

AAAA-rated toilets have a 4.5/3 litre dual flush cistern. Compared with an 11 litre single flush toilet, this will save up to 35,000 litres of water a year in the average home.

AAAA-rated toilet image courtesy of Caroma Industries Pty Ltd

Smart meters provide occupants with details of their current and historical water use. They are most effective when the read-out panel is located where your household can conveniently see it eg. in the kitchen or hallway.

Thermostatic mixers mix the hot and cold water before it reaches the shower. The water is set at a constant temperature and reduces the amount of water wasted during temperature adjustment.

Water pressure limiting devices are designed to reduce the pressure of water through taps by reducing the pressure in the pipes. These include: • pressure reduction valves (PRV)• pressure limiting valves (PLV) • pressure ratio valves.

Water flow reduction devices are designed to reduce the flow of water through the taps without altering the pressure. These include:

• aerators• flow restrictors • AAA-rated showers • basin flow regulators.

There are many flow reduction devices and pressure limiting devices on the market. Certain devices may not be suitable for your home. Seek advice from your plumber as to which devices would best suit your situation.

1.2 Water conservation elements

Visit your plumbing outlet to get more information on the latest water-efficient showers.

The urban water cycle

The water is collected at a reservoir (eg. Wivenhoe Dam), treated at a water treatment plant, and pumped to your home through a vast network of pipes.

At your home the water may be heated (for showers), and mechanically moved around by appliances (eg. in washing machines, dishwashers or swimming pool pumps) before use.

The water will then either end up in the stormwater system (where it may impact on the quality of our waterways) or go down the plug into the sewerage system.

From there, it is pumped to a treatment plant and treated as sewage.

All this water movement and treatment uses large amounts of energy and infrastructure – every litre saved is saving energy and greenhouse gases.

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Install AAA showers to instantly reduce your shower’s water and energy use by more than 50%.

Excessively high water pressure can waste water and cost you money. High water pressure can cause water hammer, or shock waves in the plumbing system. As well as being a noise nuisance, water hammer can rupture and loosen pipework, causing thousands of dollars in damage and destroying pressure valves in appliances such as hot water systems, washing machines and dishwashers.

Consult your plumber to find out how to eliminate water hammer in your home.

Modern dual flush (6/3 litre) toilets are able to be correctly used with specially designed pans (toilet bowls) only.

When replacing your toilet cistern with a dual flush (6/3 litre) cistern, ensure that the pan matches.

Flow restrictors may be an alternative and cheaper option to water saving in older homes where existing taps will be re-used. Flow restrictors are small perforated discs placed in each tap to reduce the flow of water to 12 litres per minute or less. They do not reduce water pressure.

If you are not purchasing new taps, consider flow restrictors or water saving aerators.

For more information about water saving fixtures, contact Council on 3403 8888 and ask for

Brisbane Water’s Watersense booklet. Brisbane Water’s Blue Van sells half price water-efficient devices. Contact Council for more information.

Sustainable renovating

The house has the following water saving features.

Number of points (circle)

Water pressure is limited to 3.5 bar (350 kPa) or less, through system design or water pressure limiting devices.

1

The home is eligible for one point if it has:

• toilets with dual flush (6/3 litre) or AAA-rating or greater, and

• all kitchen, laundry and bathroom sink and basin taps or mixers have a certified AAA-rating or greater.

1

The home is eligible for an additional point if the toilets are AAAA-rated.

1

A smart meter for water with read-out display is in a conspicuous location inside the house, such as the kitchen or hallway.

1

All showers in the home have thermostatic mixers.

1

All showers in the home are AAA-rated (does not score points as it is the minimum standard for water and energy efficiency).

minimum standard

Sustainable Home Checklist

Smart meter for water, image courtesy of Watersave Australia Pty Ltd.


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Rainwater tanks are a smart way of managing the urban water cycle and can reduce mains water use by up to 60%. Rainwater tanks can be used for:

• garden and outdoor use (such as topping up the swimming pool or pond)

• toilet flushing

• laundry use

• the hot water system.

Rainwater tanks will:

• reduce demand on the city’s mains water supplies and network infrastructure

• defer the need for new dams

• reduce the size of the water distribution pipes and the energy needed to operate supply

• reduce stormwater run-off that can cause local erosion and flooding

• improve water quality in local waterways, the river and the bay.

Rainwater tanks are available in a variety of shapes, sizes and materials. Your choice will depend on your budget, required uses, space constraints and aesthetics.

Size: will depend on your roof area, the number of people in your house, chosen uses and location of tank. Seek advice from your rainwater tank supplier when deciding on the size.

Location: when choosing a location for your tank, consider your neighbours. Make sure your tank does not block their natural light, ventilation or outlook – and that it doesn’t detract from the ‘streetscape’.

Pump: if you need to install a pump for your rainwater tank, make sure it is located in a place that minimises the noise impact on your family and your neighbours. To save energy, seek advice from your rainwater tank supplier on positioning the tank so you don’t need to install a pump.

Maintenance: just like your car, rainwater tank systems need regular maintenance to work well, and last longer. You can maintain the tank yourself or call in professional tank cleaners.

Approvals: depending on the size, location, or your choice of rainwater tank and uses, you may need to obtain plumbing or building approvals. Contact your private certifier for building advice and your plumber for plumbing advice.

1.3 Rainwater tanks

RAIN CHECKS

WELCOME

For further information on rainwater tanks and maintenance, call Council on 3403 8888.

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When renovating your home consider:

installing a rainwater tank that is the appropriate size and type for your requirements.

try to locate and design your rainwater tank system to avoid the need for a pump, as they use energy and cost money.

if a pump is to be connected to the rainwater tank, check the decibel rating to ensure it is a quiet model, and locate the pump away from neighbours to avoid causing noise nuisance.


The house has a Council-approved rainwater tank with a first flush device and mesh strainer connected to outdoor use. The tank has a:


Capacity of 10,000 litres or more 6

Capacity of 5000 litres to 10,000 litres 5

Capacity of 3000 litres to 5000 litres 4

Capacity of 1000 litres to 3000 litres 3

The tank is plumbed with Council approval to the toilet cistern and laundry

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Part 2

HOUSE DESIGN

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2.1 House Energy Rating (HER)All new homes must comply with the energy efficiency requirements of the Building Code of Australia.

There are two ways to meet these requirements:

1. your home must achieve the minimum roof and wall insulation and eaves widths set in the Code, or

2. your home must achieve a 3.5 Star House Energy Rating (HER).

In Queensland, a House Energy Rating (HER) can be determined by using the Nationwide House Energy Rating Software (NatHERS) or the Building Energy Rating Scheme (BERS) software. These programs calculate the energy efficiency performance of a house design and generate a star rating (0 – 5). The more stars the more energy-efficient the home. It is recommended that you or your builder engage an accredited HER assessor at the design stage

of your home. Then you can assess how energy-efficient your current design is and look at options to improve your home’s performance before the design is finalised.

The CSIRO-developed AccuRate software will soon replace NatHERS, the software that underpins the Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme. AccuRate provides a more comprehensive tool for rating the efficiency of building envelopes.

Before you build…Building a sustainable house begins a long time before the foundations are laid. Your choices about where you are building and what you are building with will impact on your wallet, your family and the environment. When building your home, you should consider the following.

Choose a good location

A conveniently located home will save on car travel costs and cause less air pollution. When choosing a block of land or home, consider:

is it close to where your family can walk, cycle or catch public transport to and from school and work?

does the land allow you to build a home with a north-facing aspect?

Adopt a construction waste management plan

Building a home creates various waste products. A construction waste management plan should address all aspects of waste management including waste reduction, reusing materials, recycling waste and correct disposal procedures. Before construction, check:

have the builders adopted a construction waste management plan on-site to reduce waste generated during construction?

Choose the right building materials

Building materials are the result of activities such as mining, logging, manufacture and transportation – all of these activities use energy and release pollution. When purchasing materials for building, check:

have you specified resource-efficient materials with less environmental impact?

Information on sustainable building materials can be found at the RMIT’s website www.ecospecifier.org, and in the Federal Government’s Your Home Technical Guide (available as a booklet or online at www.yourhome.gov.au).

have you used recycled materials and avoided old-growth timber where possible?

have you avoided materials treated with hazardous substances such as benzene or arsenic?

have you avoided products (paints, MDF, particle boards, adhesives, carpets) that release high levels of toxic gases such as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), ie. used low-VOC or zero-VOC products? Many products now indicate on their labels that they are low-VOC.

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2.2 Energy-efficient and subtropical home designUsing energy efficiency principles when designing your home will help you live more comfortably and save money. A well designed home takes advantage of the sun’s free warmth and light, with simple design features to keep it warm and comfortable in winter, and cool in summer.

Choosing your site

Choosing your site is an important decision. Issues to consider include:

• will you be able to orientate your home appropriately? (see below)

• will your home capture the prevailing breezes in the area?

• will your home be overshadowed by adjacent homes?

Orientation and layout

The most important aspect of energy-efficient design is the orientation of the home. The home ideally should be orientated so the living areas are facing north to take advantage of the winter sun, with eaves to shade out the summer sun. Bedrooms should be located on the southern side of the home to keep sleeping areas cool, and infrequently used rooms (such as the garage and laundry) are best located on the western side which is exposed to heat in the afternoon.

For more information on home orientation and passive energy-efficient design, contact the

Queensland Environmental Protection Agency on 1300 369 388 or read the Energy Efficient Home Design brochure available online at

www.epa.qld.gov.au.


The house has a certificate indicating that.

Number of points (circle one only)

The house achieves a 5 star or better House Energy Rating.

6

The house achieves a 4.5 star House Energy Rating.

5

The house achieves a 4 star House Energy Rating.

4


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Part 2

HOUSE DESIGN

Insulation

Ceiling and wall insulation is the single most effective item you can add to your home to improve its energy efficiency. Insulation helps to:

• increase comfort levels by keeping your home warmer in winter and cooler in summer

• reduce the amount of energy required to heat and cool your home, which saves you money on your heating and cooling bills and reduces the home’s greenhouse gas emissions.

The effectiveness of insulation is rated using the thermal resistance value, or R-value. The higher the R-value, the more effective the product is at reducing heat flow into or out of a home. Ceiling insulation in Queensland should have an R-value of at least R 2.5, while walls should have an R-value of at least R 1.0.

Shop around and source quotes from reputable suppliers before making a decision regarding insulation.

Consider using lighter coloured materials and paints for the roof and exterior walls, as a dark exterior will increase the temperature in the home and decrease the usefulness of your insulation.

Depending on the home’s design, insulation may trap heat in summer. Homes should be evaluated by a professional insulation installer to ensure:

• windows are adequately shaded

• high windows and skylight vents are able to open

• roof vents are operating.

When choosing insulation, consider using a product that reduces noise. This will help to block out traffic noise, neighbourhood noise and noise transmission between rooms.

All new homes built in Queensland must be insulated, however many older homes do not have insulation installed. If the home is not insulated, renovators should read the tips on this page and the opposite page regarding insulation and heating and cooling. When renovating, check the following.

Is the home well insulated in the ceiling and walls? Ceiling insulation should have an R-value of at least R 2.5 and wall insulation should have an R-value of at least R 1.0.

Is the insulation certified in writing by the installer as meeting Australian Standard AS3999?

Has the insulation been properly fire-treated or constructed of non-combustible materials, to decrease fire risks?

Has the home been evaluated by a professional installer to ensure windows are adequately shaded to avoid trapping heat in the home?

If your home does not have high ceilings, installing ceiling fans may not be an option due to safe head clearance.

If the home has low ceilings, have you considered wall-mounted fans for cooling?

Have you considered other ventilation options such as breezeways above doors and in door panels?

Can a central gas heating system or reverse cycle air conditioner be installed instead of a standard electric heater or wood-burning heater/fireplace?

Improve the shading of your home, and if you are replacing your roof consider extending the eaves overhang at the same time. Your builder will be able to advise on whether this is a suitable and cost-effective option for your home. Pergola or shade devices on the western side of the home and external face of windows will reduce the amount of heat entering the home.


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Cross ventilation and roof ventilation

Allowing breezes to flow through your house is also an important way of keeping your home cool. Windows should be placed and designed to capture the prevailing breezes. Try to keep short, direct paths between windows. Choose windows with large open areas, such as louvres, casement, sliding or double-hung windows.

Roof ventilation is also important for allowing heat to escape from the roof in summer. Static or moving vents (eg. whirlybirds) can be installed for ventilation. If possible, roof vents should be closed in winter to stop the escape of heat from the roof space.

For more information on air conditioner noise legislation, and tips on purchasing and

installing air conditioners, call Council on 3403 8888 and ask to be sent a copy of Council’s

Guide to Purchasing and Installing an Air Conditioner.

Wood-burning heaters and fireplaces cause indoor and outdoor air pollution and can attract fines if they cause a neighbourhood smoke or odour nuisance. Wood-burning heaters are not recommended. If you like the look of wood heaters, consider a gas imitation heater or fireplace.

• If you have decided to install an air conditioning system, is it an energy-efficient model such as a reverse-cycle inverter system that can be used for winter heating?

• Is the air conditioning unit located away from neighbours to avoid causing a neighbourhood noise nuisance?

• Is the thermostat set to ideal summer temperatures of between 25°C and 27°C and winter thermostat temperatures of 18°C to 20°C? For each extra degree of heating or cooling, energy consumption increases by about 5% to 10%.

Heating and cooling

High ceilings provide for improved ventilation and the safe use of ceiling fans. Fans are a more energy-efficient form of cooling than air conditioners – the average air conditioner uses more energy than 12 ceiling fans.

Before installing air conditioning, consider:

• have living areas been located near useable outdoor areas to enlarge useful space and encourage breezes?

• is there an opportunity to ventilate the home using breezeways above doors and in door panels?

• is the home fitted with ceiling fans?

SPIN OUT ON

COOLDEALS

Brisbane has a reputation as a subtropical city, but heating can be an important consideration during colder months.

Inefficient heaters can use a great deal of energy without providing the required level of comfort. To choose the most energy-efficient appliances for your home, visit www.energyrating.gov.au. See page 22 for more information.

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Part 2

HOUSE DESIGN

SUMMERSPECIALS

ON EAVES

Windows and shading

The size and placement of windows is a very important consideration when designing your home. Windows can let in too much heat in summer and also allow significant heat loss in winter.

• North-facing windows can be large, but need to have wide eaves for shading in summer when the sun is higher in the sky.

• West-facing windows should be minimised to reduce summer heating.

• East-facing windows can provide early morning sun in winter, but can overheat the home in summer if not properly protected.

• South-facing windows receive no direct sun. Large south facing windows will allow heat loss in winter. When designing your home, keep it flexible.

Try to ensure that rooms will serve multiple purposes over time. For example, a room designed as a nursery might later need to adapt to becoming a playroom, a study or a teenage retreat.

Subtropical design

Housing should be designed with features for healthy living in a subtropical climate. A home with good subtropical design:

• responds and contributes to the enjoyment of surrounding buildings and spaces

• suits the regional climate

• expresses sustainable subtropical design elements (eg. energy, water and waste minimisation) in the building form and detailing

• functions effectively

• has a contemporary look.

Double-glazed windows have excellent noise reduction properties. Closed, double-glazed windows may improve the livability of any rooms that are exposed to excessive outdoor noise.

The energy efficiency of windows is rated using the Window Energy Rating Scheme (WERS). Under this scheme, the window’s cooling and heating performance is rated separately on a scale of 0 to 5 stars – the more stars, the better. For more information on energy-efficient windows, visit www.wers.org.

There are various options for improving insulation properties of windows.

• Shading with wide eaves or external shade fixtures is the most effective way to stop heat transfer through windows.

• Internal shade fixtures such as blinds or curtains are not as effective as external fixtures.

• Special glass types and window film treatments allow light to pass through the window but minimise the heat transfer. This may be more expensive than shading options, but may provide a good solution where external shading is not appropriate.

• Double-glazed windows (windows made with two sheets of glass with an air space between them) are a more expensive option for insulation, however they offer the best insulation properties.

17

Eaves are essential.

Many modern Queensland homes are being built without eaves, to save on up-front construction costs. This may reduce the initial cost of the home by as little as $2,500. Over the lifetime of the house, this does not represent much of a saving when you consider that the home may require excessive air conditioning, heavy curtains, expensive awnings and other shade structures to counteract the overheating effects of the sun.


SUMMERSPECIALS

ON EAVES

The house has:Number of points (circle)

High ceilings (minimum 2700 mm) in all living areas, kitchen and bedrooms.

3

High ceilings and ceiling fans in the main living areas and bedrooms (Do not circle this point if the ceilings are below 2700 mm).

1


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2.3 Universal home designUniversal design is a significant feature of sustainable homes. It requires planning at the design stage to ensure the home is safe, secure and adaptable to the varying needs of families and people of all ages and abilities.

Universal design is not about any one particular house type, and is not about adding on accessibility features like ramps and rails. A universally designed home should not be aesthetically distinguishable from other homes, and in fact should convey a sense of comfort, ease and simplicity.

Universal design is aimed at making homes functional, so the home works for you, your family and visitors now and in the future. Flexible, user-friendly houses meet the needs of more people.

A home built with universal design principles:

• is useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities, without stigmatising people (eg. level entries)

• accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities (eg. adjustable bench heights)

• has features that are easy to understand, regardless of the user’s experience, knowledge or language skills (eg. simple hot and cold tap symbols)

• has features that communicate necessary information effectively to the user, regardless of ambient conditions or the user’s sensory abilities (eg. easy to read house numbers)

• helps occupants to minimise hazards and avoid accidents (eg. non-slip flooring)

• can be used efficiently and comfortably and with a minimum of fatigue (eg. lever door handles)

• is designed so that appropriate size and space is provided for approach, reach, manipulation and use regardless of the user’s body size, posture or mobility (eg. spacious kitchen).

Accessible path

Making sure your home is accessible will allow you to accommodate many different visitors and family members, including any that have limited mobility (for example the elderly, pregnant women, parents with prams, people with disabilities and people recovering from accident or illness).

An accessible path has:

• a maximum gradient change of 1:8 over short distances (less than 1.5 mm), eg. over a 0.8 metre distance, the ground level should not change by more than about 10 cm.

• a maximum gradient change of 1:14 over longer distances, eg. over a 14 metre distance, the ground level should not change by more than 1 metre.

• level entry thresholds (minimum of 10 mm change in level).

• passageways at least 1200 mm wide.

• doors at least 870 mm wide.

Part 2

HOUSE DESIGN

Universally designed homes are more desirable to a larger number of potential home buyers, and so will attract more market interest and have a better resale value.

Injuries at home

Over 40% of injuries occur in the home. In particular, young children and elderly people are most at risk of injury at home. Slips, trips and falls account for the majority of home injuries, and can have significant emotional and financial costs. Designing your home to minimise the risk of injury and accidental death will have direct positive benefits for you, your family and the community.

19

Adding universal design features such as wider halls and accessible bathrooms to an existing house is much more expensive than including these features in the design stage of construction.

However, there are still opportunities to incorporate universal design into any major structural renovations and extensions.

Many home renovations involve building a granny flat or studio under the house. Granny flats should be designed to incorporate the lifestyle needs of people with potentially limited mobility, so should incorporate all universal design features, in particular accessibility features.

Has universal design been considered in the design of any extensions, studios or granny flats?

When renovating, check:

are all wet floor areas covered with non-slip flooring?

have you installed a lockable, child-proof cabinet for hazardous substances to reduce the risk of poisoning incidents?

Universal design features relating to specific locations in the home are discussed in Parts 3,4,5 and 6.


For further information about universal design, call Queensland Government’s Smart Housing section on 1300 880 882 for a copy of the Universal Housing Design booklet, also available online at

www.smarthousing.qld.gov.au. Welcome – Design Ideas for Accessible Homes is a comprehensive guide on universal design available for purchase from the Victorian Building Commission at www.buildingcommission.com.au.

The house has the following features.


At least one room that can be reached along an accessible path (as described on p.18), suitable for use as a bedroom for a person with limited mobility, ie. with minimum dimension of 3.6m by 3.6m, excluding the wardrobe.

2

Flooring in all wet areas is slip-resistant.

2

Lockable child-proof cabinet mounted at least 1500 mm above floor level for the safe storage of poisons and medicine.

1



Part 3

WINDOWS, DOORS AND WALKWAYSSAVEmore than

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Windows, doors and walkways should incorporate universal design features as outlined in Part 2.3.

To provide equitable use and avoid the risk of tripping and falling accidents, homes should have level entries and wide doors and hallways. These provide ease of access and also give a higher level of comfort to all users.

3.1 Window, door and walkway design

Door catches on swing doors will reduce the risk of accidents when carrying objects through the home, and reduce the risk of doors slamming shut in breezes.

For simplicity, and also for safety in the event of an emergency, the same key should open all window locks in the home.

Insect screens are a safety feature designed to reduce the spread of insect-borne diseases and allergens. They minimise the need for chemical pest control in the home.

Security features such as safety glass and grilles on windows and doors are designed to reduce

crime and improve residents’ sense of security. Grilles on windows have the added benefit of minimising the risk of children falling through windows.

Lever door handles, push plates or pull handles improve accessibility and are generally easier to use for people carrying objects and people with wet hands or limited strength (such as children and the elderly). Round knobs are not recommended.

When renovating your home, check:

have you installed door catches on swing doors?

are all window locks keyed alike?

are all windows and doors protected with insect screens and security grilles?

are all door handles either lever door handles, push plates or pull handles?


21

The house has the following features.Number of points (circle)

All entries into the house are level (maximum of 10 mm in change of level).In addition to all entries being level, all entries can be reached along accessible paths as described on page 18 (Do not circle this point if all entries are not level).

1

1

Entry thresholds to all rooms within the house are level. 2

All doors are a minimum 870 mm wide and door handles and hardware are between 900 mm and

1100 mm above the finished floor level.2

No hallway is narrower than 1200 mm. 2

The front path leading into the house has all the following features: • wide (minimum 1200 mm) • level (maximum cross fall of 1:40) • gently ramped (maximum slope 1:14 along the path of travel) • no steps from the driveway or street footpath.

1

All swing doors have door catches to secure them in an open position. 1

All internal swing doors have lever door handles, push plates or pull handles. 1

All external swing doors have lever door handles, push plates or pull handles. 1

A window, no higher than 600 mm from the floor (measured from the sill), is in each bedroom to allow

people to look outside when lying on a bed.1

All windows and doors are fitted with insect screens. 1

External doors are fitted with security screen doors. 2

Windows that are easily reached without a ladder are fitted with security grilles, and all other windows

have features to prevent a small child from falling through.2

Windows are fitted with key-operated window locks that are keyed alike. 1

External timber doors to the dwelling and any attached garage are made of solid core construction,

are fitted with a double cylinder deadlock and are keyed alike.1

Glass panels located within 1 metre of the front door, including glass panels within the door, are grade

A safety glass or strengthened using security film.1

The front door is fitted with a peephole, view hatch, laminated glass or grade A safety glass panels that

provide a 180° field of vision.1



PART 4

KITCHENSAVEmore than

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4.1 Kitchen designWhen designing your home, remember that people spend a great deal of time cooking, eating, cleaning and generally socialising in the kitchen. It is usually a busy and activity-filled hub in the home.

Sustainable kitchens are safe and comfortable, accessible and environmentally friendly. They make preparing for meals and cleaning up afterwards easier.

Allowing clear space in front of benches, storage and appliances is a universal design feature that improves accessibility and kitchen safety. The clear space, or approach clearance, must be 1550 mm when measured in a straight line perpendicular to each bench, storage unit or appliance (see Figure 1).

To minimise accidents, kitchens should be located so they are not used as a through-way to other rooms in the house.

Providing built-in space for separate waste bins encourages waste minimisation by making recycling and composting easier. The kitchen should have under bench space for three waste bins – for general waste, organic scraps and recyclables (like paper, cardboard, glass and plastic products, and aluminium and steel cans).

Insinkerators are not encouraged, because they add large volumes of organic material to the sewerage system, as well as extra water – this then has to be processed by treatment plants before release into our waterways.

Installing the oven off the floor allows for equitable use, minimises accident risk and decreases the physical effort required for removing hot items from the oven. An oven is off the floor if the middle of the oven door is not lower than bench height.

Other universal design features for the kitchen include:

• split-level or adjustable bench heights, pull-out benches and counters with optional under-bench seating space to provide equitable work space options for everyone

• hot and cold water taps or mixer taps with easy to understand symbols, and appliances with easy to understand displays and markers

• benches with rounded edges to minimise risk of injury.

Buying appliances

Appliances such as refrigerators, freezers, washing machines, clothes dryers and air conditioners are given an energy efficiency star rating on a scale of 1 to 6 (the more stars, the more energy-efficient the appliance). To choose the most energy-efficient appliances for your home, visit the Federal Government’s website www.energyrating.gov.au

We have to live with our appliance decisions for 10 years or more. Sometimes the real costs of appliances are hidden. These costs can include:

• electricity needed to run them

• water they use

• damage they may cause (eg. a washing machine’s effects on your clothes or a refrigerator’s ability to keep your food from spoiling)

• repairs and maintenance needed

• how long they will last before they need to be replaced.

There are some straightforward steps to follow that will help you make the right appliance decisions.

1. Try to avoid rushing into a decision.

2. Consider carefully how much you really need an appliance.

3. Determine the size and features you need. What capacity does your appliance require (eg. can you get away with a smaller fridge)?

4. Visit www.energyrating.gov.au for information on all appliances currently available on the market. Pick out a short-list of the most efficient models and write down their 10-year running costs.

5. Visit a few retailers and look at the models you have pre-selected.

6. Add the prices of your short-listed models to the 10-year running cost.

7. Compare the prices, suitability and quality of appliances and choose the one that is the best across the board. It may be worth spending a bit more up-front to save throughout the appliance’s life.

Important: install and operate the appliance according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

For more information about composting and mulching, call Council on 3403 8888 and ask for the Green Choice Garden Guide.

23

When renovating your kitchen, remember that design and layout of the kitchen is a more important decision than the type of benchtop and kitchen colour scheme.

If renovating your kitchen, have you shopped around to ensure you are purchasing the most energy-efficient and economical appliances for your needs?

Is your fridge located in a cool spot away from the stove and direct sunlight, and well spaced from the wall? Your fridge needs ventilation around it to enable it to cool efficiently.

Have you included enough under-bench space for waste bins for general waste, recyclables and organic scraps?

Is the dishwasher an energy and water-efficient one?

A dishwasher can be more energy and water-efficient than hand washing, but only when used properly (eg. only when filled to capacity). When choosing a dishwasher, do your research and select an energy and water-efficient one – depending on the model, a dishwasher will use anything from 15 to 50 litres of water per load.

Most of a dishwasher’s energy use is for heating water. Dishwashers can be hooked up to hot water, cold water, or both. The most energy-efficient option will greatly depend on the type of hot water system you have. Consult your appliance supplier or www.energyrating.gov.au for more information.

Does the kitchen have a double sink?

Double-bowl kitchen sinks encourage rinsing the dishes in the second sink, rather than under a running tap.


Figure 1 Kitchen design and fitout (sourced from the Smart Housing Kitchens fact sheet) Image courtesy of the Department of Housing.



Built-in space for separate organic, recyclable and general waste bins.

2

The main kitchen has a minimum clear space of 1550 mm distance in front of all benches, storage and fixed appliances and has minimum features and dimensions as shown in Figure 1.

1

The main kitchen does not double as a passageway or through-way to access other rooms in the house, to avoid the likelihood of dangerous collisions.

1

The home is eligible for one point if it has: 1. a stove top located away from

cupboard ends, drawers, doors and windows, with adequate space to turn pot handles away from the front, and

2. the oven is located off the floor for ease of access and is adjacent to bench space so hot items do not need to be carried long distances.

1



PART 4

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4.2 Cooking appliancesGas cooking appliances are more energy-efficient than electric appliances.

Gas appliances should be flued with a venting passage to the outside air to avoid the potential health effects of indoor air pollution. Non-flued or incorrectly flued appliances and range hoods that recirculate air may cause health impacts and may pose a fire risk.

Gas cooktop with non-recirculating range hood that is flued to the outside. Courtesy of Wood Enterprises (Aust) Pty Ltd.

Electric stoves and cook tops use more energy than gas appliances.

Have you considered installing a gas stove for lower greenhouse gas emissions and better heat control when cooking?

If you have chosen an electric oven, have you selected a fan-forced oven?

Conventional ovens can waste up to 90% of the energy they use. Fan-forced ovens are about 30% more efficient than conventional models.

Does the kitchen have a microwave oven installed to save cooking energy?

Microwave ovens use 55% less energy than ordinary ovens when heating food.


Write the make and model of the cooking appliances here:

The house has the following appliances.


Gas oven that is flued to the outside (not the roof space).

1

Gas cook top with a range hood flued to the outside (not the roof space).

1


YOU’RECOOKINGWITH GAS


25

5.1 Bathroom designIn addition to installing the water-saving features described in Part 1.2, bathrooms should be designed according to the universal design principles described on page 18, to allow comfortable and safe use by all members of the family.

Bathrooms are a site for many home injuries including slips, falls and scalds. In addition to non-slip flooring and accessibility features, bathrooms should also incorporate universal design features such as:

• hot and cold water taps with easy to understand symbols

• semi-recessed basins and under bench spaces that allow people to sit at the sink or benches.

Hobless or step-free shower cubicles do not have a rim or step on the floor, and have a level entry. Step-free showers not only prevent tripping and falling risks – they are also easier to clean and can be cheaper to install.

Positioning of strong fittings such as towel rails and hand rails must be factored into the design stage of home construction – if the bathroom is not framed appropriately, any fittings installed in the future may not be able to support a person’s weight.

A semi-recessed basin extends beyond the vanity unit and is accessible for people who are seated or using a mobility aid. They also allow easy reach for children to wash their hands. Image courtesy of Caroma Industries Pty Ltd.

When renovating your bathroom or replacing any fixtures and fittings, you should install:

a hobless shower a dual-flush toilet or a more efficient AAAA-

rated toilet a semi-recessed basin that allows people to sit

at the sink and bench, and takes up less space in the bathroom.


Figure 2 An accessible shower (sourced from the Smart Housing Bathrooms fact sheet). Image courtesy of the Department of Housing.

Figure 3 An accessible toilet (sourced from the Smart Housing Bathrooms fact sheet). Image courtesy of the Department of Housing.

Part 5

BATHROOM

The house has the following features.Number of points (circle)

A bathroom with the following features:• can be reached along an accessible

path (as described in Part 2.2) from the street or car parking, and

• basin that is semi-recessed, wall hung or pedestal style, and

• hobless (step-free) shower with minimum features and dimensions as shown in Figure 2.

2

A toilet and basin with the following features:• the basin is semi-recessed, wall hung

or pedestal style, and• toilet and basin can be reached along

an accessible path (as described in Part 2.2) from the street or car parking, and

• toilet has minimum features and dimensions as shown in Figure 3.

2

All fittings (eg. soap holders, towel rails) in the bathrooms are capable of supporting a person’s body weight (minimum 112 kg).

1



Part 6

ELECTRICAL AND LIGHTINGSAVEmore than

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The most energy-efficient light is natural light, however efficient lamps and lighting control systems can reduce lighting energy use by up to 80% in the average home.

Household lights vary in their expected life span and energy usage – today’s energy-efficient lights will last longer and cost less in the long term.

Standard incandescent lights are the most commonly used lights but are the most inefficient and expensive to run. Consider replacing these lights with compact fluorescent lights in rooms where lighting is required for long periods of time, such as the living room or kitchen.

Low voltage halogen lights are not energy-efficient lights. They use only slightly less energy than standard incandescent bulbs, and in fact when used in down-light fittings you require more lights to light an area, which means using significantly more energy.

Fluorescent tube fittings, circular fluorescent, or compact fluorescent light fittings are the most energy- efficient. Although more expensive to buy they are much cheaper to run and can last up to 10 times longer than conventional incandescent bulbs.

6.1 Lighting

Fluorescent lightsNew fluorescent lights come in a range of styles, not just the older style tubes. Modern designs have removed the annoying flickering and humming that has been traditionally associated with fluorescent lights. The latest styles can also feature a full natural light spectrum that provides a gentler and more pleasant light effect than standard incandescent bulbs.

SkylightsConsider installing a skylight to bring daylight into your home. Various types of skylights are available and can be installed into any new or existing structure.

Ensure your skylight is designed to allow light in and not heat.

Skylights can also be vented and provide a way of venting hot air out of your house in summer. However, during winter these vents should be closed to stop warm air leaving the house.

Contact your manufacturer or supplier for more information about how skylights can increase the light in your home.

When renovating, consider: replacing existing light bulbs and/or fluorescent

tubes in rooms where lighting is required for long periods of time, such as the kitchen, laundry, and main living areas. Incandescent bulbs can be replaced with energy-efficient compact fluorescent bulbs and conventional fluorescent tubes can be replaced with more energy-efficient fluorescent tubes

the number and placement of lights. Don’t over-illuminate your home

replacing your conventional outdoor sensor light with an energy-efficient light

installing skylights to let extra daylight into your home.

Sensor lights are useful in protecting homes from crime and providing safe entry for occupants at night. Sensor lights should have an overide on/off switch so they can be turned off as needed.

In addition to energy efficiency, lighting should incorporate universal design features such as large rocker light switches, which are easy to understand and simple to use.

Rocker light switches are easier to operate than traditional switches.

Image courtesy of Clipsal Australia Pty Ltd.




Fluorescent lighting in the kitchen and laundry.

1

Fluorescent lighting in at least one main living area.

1

Large rocker type light switches are used throughout the house.

1

A compact fluorescent sensor light is positioned to illuminate each entry.

2

Sustainable Home ChecklistSustainable renovating

27

Smart meters provide occupants with details of energy use and associated greenhouse gas emissions.

The meter should be located in a place where people can conveniently see the read-out panel inside the

house, eg. the kitchen or hallway.

Padlocking the mains power meter box (by arrangement with your electricity supplier) is a security feature and protects against tampering.

To minimise physical effort when changing power plugs, power points should be located off the floor and away from corners.

6.2 Electrical outlets and controls

A smart meter displaying energy use. Image courtesy of Clipsal Australia Pty Ltd.

It is a requirement by law that all new homes and any newly purchased older homes are fitted with a safety switch. Safety switches monitor electrical current and can disconnect the power instantly if necessary.

They are designed to protect you and your family from electrocution. Even though it is not a requirement by law at this stage, it is recommended that all homes be fitted with these important life-saving devices.

Has a safety switch been installed in the home?




All power points are located in accessible positions, placed up from the floor (minimum 600 mm) and out from the corner (minimum 500 mm).

1

Smart meter with display in a conspicuous location inside the house.

2

When the mains power switches are located in an external meter box, the meter box is padlocked (by arrangement with your electricity retailer).

1



Part 7

RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATIONSAVEmore than

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Renewable electricity generation systems produce electricity from renewable sources including sun, water and wind. They are an important feature for environmental sustainability.

Solar (or photovoltaic) electricity generation systems are usually the most appropriate for homes in urban areas – in most circumstances, wind and hydro-electricity generation systems are not suitable.

Solar electricity systems are different from solar hot water systems – solar electricity systems provide electricity for the entire home, whereas solar hot water systems have panels that only capture the heat from the sun to heat water.

Renewable electricity generation systems can be expensive to install, however incentives are available to reduce these costs. The major benefit of these systems is that they produce electricity with little or no greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, your energy bills will be very low for the life of the system.

If your home site is not already connected to the electricity grid, there may be a large cost involved in getting grid electricity delivered to your property. In these instances it might be a far cheaper option to install a renewable electricity generation system.

The Queensland Environmental Protection Agency operates the free Energy Advisory Service, which can provide impartial advice on energy efficiency and renewable energy and incentives. Contact 1300 369 388

for more information.

Where possible, a solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation system should be connected to the electricity grid. During the day, solar cells installed on the roof generate electricity and supply the house. Excess electricity (if any) will be exported to the grid and at night, electricity will be drawn from the grid to

supply the house. In this way, you only need to pay for electricity that you use in excess to what your system generated.

The Australian Business Council for Sustainable Energy (BSCE) has a list of accredited photovoltaic installers on their website at www.bcse.org – contact an accredited installer to discuss your needs.

7.1 Renewable electricity generation

$$$ Incentives for installing renewable electricity generation systems

If you install a renewable electricity generation system, you will be eligible to receive various rebates, including a Federal Government rebate of up to $4000 for residential photovoltaic systems.

In addition, each approved renewable electricity generation system is eligible for a certain number of Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs), that you can either keep or sell to your retailer. The RECs scheme was developed by the Federal Government to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the use of electricity. For more information visit www.orer.gov.au.

The sale of the RECs to your retailer can be used to reduce the cost of your system.

Contact your retailer for further information about renewable electricity incentives.

Energy efficiency

It is important to incorporate energy-efficient design features and appliances in your home to reduce the amount of energy you need. In this way you can reduce the size and cost of your solar electricity system.

Throughout this checklist there are many tips on how to reduce your family’s energy use. Energy efficiency fact sheets are available at Brisbane City Council’s virtual Green Home website – visit www.brisbane.qld.gov.au and search for ‘green home’.

There are also many other energy efficiency resources available, including the Federal Government’s Global Warming – Cool It (available as a booklet or online at www.greenhouse.gov.au) and the Your Home Technical Guide (available as a booklet or online at www.yourhome.gov.au).

Solar panels are far less efficient if they are shaded in any way by trees, buildings or other structures.

A north-facing home has advantages in terms of energy efficiency, as described in Part 2.2. Designing the home with a north-facing roof area will also allow for the installation of future photovoltaic panels.

29

ENERGYBILLS SLASHED

The house has renewable electricity generation installed that is connected to the electricity grid, with a capacity of:


1.0 kilowatt or greater. 14

Between 800 watts and 1.0 kilowatt. 11

Between 600 watts and 800 watts. 8

Between 400 watts and 600 watts. 6

No renewable energy systems installed, but the house has at least 10m2 of north-facing roof that is not overshadowed by adjacent buildings or structures.

1

Sustainable Home ChecklistTo qualify for points, an installed renewable electricity generation system must be provided with electricity grid connection equipment.


Please describe the renewable electicity generation system.

Renovating and landscaping outdoor areas can greatly improve a home’s livability and sustainability.

When planning for an outdoor area give careful consideration to the aspect eg. north-facing covered outdoor areas will provide cool shade and northerly breezes in the summer months.

When renovating and landscaping, consider:

designing outdoor areas to discourage crime by allowing clear views from the house and the street.

ensuring that any children’s play area is shaded, and is within view of the kitchen and living areas

adding a deck or pergola to extend your home’s shaded outdoor living area

ensuring that any carports and driveways are separated from children’s play areas.


Part 8

OUTDOORSSAVEmore than

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8.1 Outdoor area design and featuresOutdoor areas should be designed with regard to universal design principles described on page 18.

Various outdoor features will help you save money and energy over the long term, as well as providing better safety and security for your family.

An outdoor clothesline that is open to breezes will encourage natural clothes drying, and use no energy unlike automatic dryers.

Comfortable, covered outdoor areas attached to the house are encouraged to reduce summer temperatures, enhance amenity and save energy.

Providing easy-to-read house numbers on the outside of your home and on the kerb will not only get your pizza delivered in a timely manner – it will also make it much easier for emergency services to find your home in the unfortunate event that they are required.

Thoughtful design of outdoor areas, and adequate fencing, will improve children’s safety and security, and minimise crime.

Shading your outdoor areas (especially children’s play areas) will reduce the risk of sunburn and skin cancer. Shaded outdoor areas are essential in Queensland. Our state has the highest rate of skin cancer in the world. About half of us will be affected by skin cancer. It only takes one severe burn during childhood to double the risk of skin cancer in adult life.

When landscaping your garden keep existing native trees on the home site, landscape with native plants and remove weed species. Plant shade trees on the western and eastern sides of the property to improve the comfort of your house in summer. Conserve water in the garden and install a system for composting food scraps and garden waste.

For information on sustainable gardening, call Council on 3403 8888 and ask for a copy of the Green Choice Gardening Guide.

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)

CPTED is based on the principle that proper design and effective use of our surroundings can reduce the incidence of crime and improve people’s sense of security. The Queensland Department of Housing has produced a Safety and Security Booklet, available from Smart Housing on 1300 880 882 or on their website at www.smarthousing.qld.gov.au.

Swimming pools

Heating the average pool can cost up to $800 per year, depending on the location, the heater type and whether you have a pool cover. If you have a pool, cover it to reduce evaporation, retain warmth and minimise cleaning. Install a soakage trench, drain the water where it can soak into the ground or avoid emptying the pool. This will help to minimise the amount of water and pool chemicals reaching the stormwater drains.

Brisbane Water’s Blue Van sells half price pool covers. Contact Council for more information.

31

Outdoor areas have the following features.


At least 50 m of clothesline space that is open to breezes.

3

A permanently covered outdoor area with a minimum area of 12 m2.

2

The building has a well placed, easily read house number and a reflective one painted on the kerb.

1

All garden gates are self-latching and self-closing.

1

The driveway is separated from walkways and children’s play areas, to reduce the risk of drive-over accidents.

2

Swimming pools, designated play areas and outdoor entertainment areas are at least 50% covered with sun shade structures.

1

Main living areas look out onto the children’s play areas.

1

External doors (front, side and back) are clearly visible from the street and/or adjoining properties.

1

Perimeter fences surrounding the property can be seen through from a distance, to facilitate casual surveillance.

1


Total points on all pages (add up boxes C1 to C14) Sustainability Score=

FORCOMFORT

DESIGNED


32

Did not meet Essential Criteria 1 or Essential Criteria 2 – not sustainable

• Your home uses excessive energy and water, and is having a negative impact on your finances and the environment

• A sustainable home must have a greenhouse-efficient hot water system and water-efficient showers.

13 points and below – room for improvement

• Your home is not designed for sustainability and may not be suitable for the Queensland climate and lifestyle.

• It may not meet the future needs of your family.

• Your home may be costing you more to live in due to higher energy and water bills.

14 points to 39 points – good performance

• Your home includes a number of sustainable home features but may need future alterations to keep up with your changing lifestyle and improve your energy and water use, safety and security.

• You should consider sustainability principles when making future renovations to your home.

40 points to 80 points – very good performance

• Your home has many sustainable home features.

• It is designed to keep your energy and water bills down and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

• Your home is likely to be well designed for subtropical living and is likely to have features to ensure accessibility, safety and security for all people living in the home, now and in the future. However, your home may not have a full balance of environmental, social and economic features and may excel in one or two areas only.

Over 80 points – excellent performance

• Your home is an outstanding example of sustainable housing and is designed with people in mind.

• It is safe, secure and adaptable to the varying needs of families and people of all ages and abilities.

• It is efficient in the use of water and energy, costing you less to run over time and provides comfortable living in our subtropical environment.

SAVEmore than

MONEYFINAL SCORES

CHECKPOINTHOW DID YOUSCORE?

The final score indicates how sustainable the home is. The higher the score the more sustainable the home.

Use this checklist to get some ideas about sustainability improvements for your home.

This initiative is part of Council’s Living in Brisbane 2010 – a vision for our city’s future.

SAVEmore than

MONEY

YOUR SUSTAINABILITY SAVEmore than

MONEYNOTES

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Visit www.brisbane.qld.gov.au.

N2005-01186© Brisbane City Council May 2005

For more informationPhone Council on 3403 8888 for a copy of the Green Choice Gardening Guide or visit www.brisbane.qld.gov.au and search for the ‘green home’.

Refer to the Queensland Department of Housing’s Smart Housing Guide or visit www.smarthousing.qld.gov.au.

Refer to the Federal Government’s Your Home Technical Manual – phone 1300 130 606 or visit www.yourhome.gov.au.

Refer to the Australian Greenhouse Office’s Global Warming – Cool It! – phone 1300 130 606 or visit www.greenhouse.gov.au/gwci.

Contact the Energy Advisory Service on 1300 369 388 or visit www.epa.qld.gov.au.

Visit www.energyrating.gov.au for appliance energy ratings information.

Visit www.wsaa.asn.au for appliance water ratings information.

Visit the HIA Greensmart Builders site at www.greensmart.com.au for information about sustainable builders.

sustainable home checklist

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