Ir. Brendo Meulman

Sustainable Sanitation

case: Noorderhoek

Consultancy firm, founded in 2005

Sustainable and innovative (C2C) Sanitation

Leading

7 employees

DeSaH B.V.

DeSaH B.V.

Consultancy

Engineering

Contracting

Operation & Maintenance

Clearing your mind…..

Some history……….(communication)

Also downside effects……

Law of the handicap of a head start: Investments became useless

Energy has same examples

Energy has same examples

Future: less is more

Innovation is going faster and faster, investments with long depreciation times have large financial risks

Demographic changes are difficult to foresee, investments in large scale, centralised technology has large financial risks

Sustainability gets increased attention, people want to be more independent and self supporting

Why would sanitation not follow?

<1850

Why would sanitation not follow?

1850-1960

Why would sanitation not follow?

1850-1920

Why would sanitation not follow?

1920-1960

Why would sanitation not follow?

1850-1960

Why would sanitation not follow?

1960-2012

Innovation of Sanitation

Sanitation moved from local to decentral, to central.

The collection of human waste is hardly innovated in more than 200 years

The transport of human waste innovated from defecation into canals, to transportation by lorry towards transportation by tubes

Treatment of human waste innovated from no treatment, towards reuse in agriculture, towards relative clean water production but also formation of polluted by-products

Contrary to innovation in f.i. communication and energy sanitation became less indivual, less sustainable and more large scale.

How can this be changed?

Collection, transport and treatment of organic residues based on:

Creating value out of the residues

Synergy with the surrounding environment

Using existing infrastructure if possible

Source-oriented approach

Closing loops

Energy loop

Nutrient loop

Water loop

Whether a compound is defined as waste or as resource is greatly depending on the concentration

Obtaining value out of waste

In stead of using WasteWaterTreatmentPlants, we

introduce the

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (RMS)

What is Sustainable Sanitation?

Resource Management

Black water (toilet water): Difficult degradable organic material High nutrient concentration Hormones and medicine traces

Grey water Easily degradable organic material High temperature Heavy metals (below irrigation standards) Low salt concentration (irrigation)

Separation at Source

Nitrogen

Organic material (energy)

Phosphorous

Characterization of wastewater flows

Vacuum sewer

Collected biowaste, faces and urine are treated together in an anaerobic biogas system

Effluent is treated aerobic and physical/chemical to remove/recover nutrients, discharge to surface

water

Separate collection sewer

Treated (an)aerobic

Discharge to surface water

Separate collection sewer

Discharge to surface water

Solid biowaste

Faeces

Urine

Greywater

Rainwater

Schematic overview of DeSaR

Schematic overview

7% 93%

zwartwater

grijswater

groenwater

biogas

vergister

Grijswater

behandeling

geavanceerde oxidatie

lozing

oppervlakte water

OLAND

(stikstofverwijdering)

struviet reactor

magnesium

Schematic overview

Water savings

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Nederland (gemiddeld) Waterschoon Lemmerweg-Oost

Wat

erve

rbru

ik (l

/p/d

)

totaal

zwart

grijs

Results Black water, COD balance

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

influent biogas UASB slib OLAND slib struviet effluent

CZV

t vr

ach

t per

ie (g

d-1

ie-1

)

Results Black water, N balance

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

influent biogas UASB slib OLAND slib struviet effluent

N v

rach

t p

er

ie (g

d-1

ie-1

)

Results Black water, P balance

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

1,4

1,6

1,8

influent biogas UASB slib OLAND slib struviet effluent

Pt

vrac

ht

per

ie (g

d-1

ie-1

)

Schematic overview RMS

7% 93%

C: 65%

C: 15% N: 5% P: 35%

C: 20% N: 95% P: 65%

N: 10% P: 60%

N: 5% P: 55%

N: 5% P: 5%

C: 100% N: 100% P: 100%

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

20-08-11 17-01-12 15-06-12 12-11-12 11-04-13 08-09-13

Tem

pe

ratu

ur

(°C

)

Datum (dd-mm-jj) BU01 (TT08) b-trap (TT04)

∆T = 12,5 oC

Results Grey water, temperature

Schematic, Noorderhoek

Advantages RMS

Energy production

Water saving of at least 25%

Treatment of wastewater and organic waste

Closing energy and nutrient loop Removal of micro pollutants

No harmful by-products

Very high removal efficiencies for COD and nitrogen

Challenges RMS

removal efficiency of phosphorous within grey water

sludge production by a-trap

concentration blackwater influent

legal status of digestate and struvite Removal of micro pollutants