syllabus consti law 1

8/12/2019 Syllabus Consti Law 1

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UNIVERSIDAD DE MANILA

COLLEGE OF LAW

Syllabus

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW I

ATTY. CHERRY P. CANDA-MELODIAS, CESO V

REFERENCES:

Philippine Political Law (Isagani Cruz)

The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines (Fr. Joaquin Bernas Jr., SJ)

CONCEPT OF STATE

1. People

Citizenship (Article IV)

Distinguished from nationality

Modes of Acquiring citizenship

Citizens of the Philippines

- Moy Ya Lim Yao v. Commissioner of Immigration, 41 SCRA 292

- Djumantan v. Domingo, Jan. 30, 1995

Election of Philippine citizenship

- In re: Vicente Ching, Bar Matter No. 914, October 1, 1999

Doctrine of implied election- Co v. HRET, G.R. No. 92191-92, July 30, 1991

Natural-born citizens

- Bengson v. HRET, G.R. No. 142840, May 7, 2001

- Tecson v. Comelec, G.R. No. 161434, March 3, 2004

Dual citizenship & dual allegiance

- Mercado v. Manzano, GR 135083, May 26, 1999

Res judicata in citizenship cases

Doctrine of Indelible Allegiance

Naturalization

- Republic v. De la Rosa, 232 SCRA 785

Loss of citizenship

- By naturalization in a foreign country

- Frivaldo v. Comelec, 174 SCRA 245

- Labo v. Comelec, 176 SCRA 1

- By express renunciation or expatriation

- Yu v. Defensor-Santiago, 169 SCRA 364

Reacquisition of citizenship, RA 8171

Retroactivity of Repatriation- Frivaldo v. Comelec, 257 SCRA 727, June 28, 1996

Suffrage (Article V)

- Akbayan Youth v. Comelec, G.R. No. 147066, March 26, 2001

- Makalintal v. Comelec, GR 157013, July 10, 2003


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2. Territory (Article I)

Philippine Archipelago; Archipelago Doctrine; UN Convention on the Law of the Sea

3. Government

Functions

Constituent vs. Ministrant

Laissez-faire vs. Welfare State

Doctrine of Parens Patriae

- Gov't. of Phil. Islands v. Monte de Piedad, 35 Phil. 728

- Cabanas v. Pilapil, 58 SCRA 94

Classification

- De Jure

- De Facto

- Lawyers League v. Aquino, GR 73748, May 22, 1986

4. Sovereignty

Effects of Change in sovereignty

- People v. Perfecto, 43 Phil. 887

- Macariola v. Asuncion, 114 SCRA 77

Effects of Belligerent Occupation

Doctrine of Jus Postliminium

Dominium vs. ImperiumDerogation of Philippine Sovereignty; The Visiting Forces Agreement

- Bayan v. Zamora, G.R. No. 138570, October 10, 2000

DOCTRINE OF STATE IMMUNITY

Basis

- U.S.A. vs. Reyes, March 1, 1993

Immunity of Foreign States & Diplomats

Principle of par in parem non habet imperium

Process of Suggestion- The Holy See v. RTC, GR 101949, Dec. 1, 1994

Determination of Immunity by the Department of Foreign Affairs

- Liang v. People, G.R. No. 125865, January 28, 2000

Immunity of International Organizations and Agencies

- SEAFDEC v. NLRC, 241 SCRA 580

- Callado v. IRRI, 244 SCRA 210

- DFA v. NLRC, Sept. 18, 1996

Immunity of Government Agencies

Incorporated

Municipal Corporations

- Municipality of San Fernando v. Judge Firme, 195 SCRA 692


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Unincorporated

If principal function is governmental

- Farolan v. CTA 217 SCRA 298

If proprietary, suable

Suits against Public Officers- City of Angeles v. CA, Aug. 28,1996

- Veterans Manpower v. CA, 214 SCRA 286

- Wylie v. Rarang, 209 SCRA 357

Consent to be sued

Express Consent

- Republic v. Feliciano, 148 SCRA 424

General Law

- CA 327; PD 1445; Art. 2180; Act No. 3038

Special Law

- Meritt v. Gov't. of the Phil. Islands, 34 Phil. 311

Implied Consent

When State commences litigation

- Froilan v. Pan Oriental Shipping, Sept. 30, 1954

When State enters into a business contract

- USA v. Ruiz, 136 SCRA 487

Suability not outright liability

- Meritt v. Gov't. of the Phil. Islands, 34 Phil. 311

- Fontanilla v. Maliaman, 194 SCRA 486

Consent to be sued does not include consent to execution

- Republic v. Villasor, 54 SCRA 84

- Municipality of San Miguel v. Fernandez, 130 SCRA 56

- Municipality of Makati v. CA, 190 SCRA 206

Immunity cannot be used to perpetrate an injustice on a citizen

- Ministerio v. CFI of Cebu, 40 SCRA 464

PRINCIPLES AND STATE POLICIES

Republicanism

Manifestations

1. Nemo est supra leges

- Villavicencio v. Lukban, 39 Phil. 778

2. Rule of majority

3. Accountability of Public Officials

4. Bill of Rights

5. Legislature cannot pass irrepealable laws

6. Separation of Powers

Principle of Blending of Powers

Principle of Checks and Balances

- The Steel Seizure case, 343 US 579, 96 L.Ed. 1153


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- Bowsher v. Synar, 478 US 714

- Senate v. Ermita (E.O.464), G.R. No. 169777

7. Non-delegation of powers

- Phil. Interisland Shipping Ass'n. v. CA, GR 100481, Jan. 22, 1997

Potestas delegata non delegare potest

Permissible Delegation

a. Tariff Powers to the President

b. Emergency Powers to the President

- First Emergency Powers cases, 84 Phil. 368

- Second Emergency Powers cases, 92 Phil. 603

c. Delegation to the People

d. Delegation to Local Government Units

e. Delegation to the Administrative Bodies

Power of Subordinate Legislation

- Miners Association v. Factoran, GR 98332, Jan. 16, 1995

Principle of Subdelegation of Powers

Doctrine of Qualified Political Agency

Tests for valid delegation

a. Completeness Test

b. Sufficient Standard Test

- Ynot v. IAC, 148 SCRA 659

- De la Llana v. Alba, 112 SCRA 294

Legislative standard need not be expressed- Hirabashi v. United States, 320 US 99

- Chiongbian v. Orbos, 245 SCRA 253

8. State Immunity (supra)

9. Election through popular will

Act of State

Incorporation Clause

Conflict between municipal law and international law

- Ichong v. Hernandez, 101 Phil. 115Civilian Supremacy

- IBP v. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284, August 15, 2000

Government to serve and protect the people

People to defend the State

Separation of Church and State

Independent Foreign Policy

Nuclear Free Philippines

Just and dynamic social order

Social Justice

- Calalang v. Williams, 70 Phil. 726

Respect for human dignity and human rights

Fundamental Equality of men and women

Promotion of health and ecology

- Oposa v. Factoran, GR 1010183, July 30, 1993


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- MMDA et al vs Concerned Residents of Manila Bay 2008

Priority to education, science and technology

Protection to labor

Land Reform

- Ass'n. of Small Land Owners v. Sec. of Agrarian Reform, 175 SCRA 343

Regalian Doctrine

- Republic v. CA, CCP Intervenor, GR 103882, Nov. 25, 1998

- Cruz v. DENR Secretary, G.R. No. 135385, December 6, 2000

- La Bugal-Blaan TribalAssn. v. DENR Secretary, GR 127882, Jan. 27, 2004

Inalienable Lands of the Public Domain

- Chavez v. PEA & AMARI, GR 133250, Nov. 11, 2003

Independent People's organizations

Family and Youth

- Meyer v. Nebraska, 263 US 393

- Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 268 US 510

- Wisconsin v. Yoder, 40 LW 4476

- Cabanas v. Pilapil, 58 SCRA 94

Self-reliant and independent national economy

- Taada v. Angara (GATT case), GR 118295, May 2, 1997

Communication and information in nation-building

THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION

Nature of the Constitution

Definition;

Classification;

Qualities and essential parts of a good written Constitution

Ratification / Political vs. Justiciable Question

- Javellana v. Executive Secretary, 50 SCRA 33

Constitutional Construction

- Perfecto v. Meer, 85 Phil. 552

- Endencia v. David, 93 Phil. 696

- Nitafan v. Commisioner of Internal Revenue, 152 SCRA 284

Self-executing provisions

- Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, GR 122156, Feb. 3, 1997

Constitutional History

Pre-1935 Constitution

Schurman Commission; Taft Commission; Spooner Amendment; Philippine Bill of 1902

Jones Law of 1916; Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934

1935 Constitution


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Declaration of Martial Law

- Aquino v. Enrile, 59 SCRA 183

1973 Constitution


1986 Snap Presidential Election

- Philippine Bar Association. v. Comelec, 140 SCRA 455

People Power Revolt

Proclamation No. 1, Feb. 25, 1986

Proc. No. 3, Mar. 25, 1986

- Lawyers League v. Aquino, GR 73748, May 22, 1986

- In re: Bermudez, 145 SCRA 160

Freedom Constitution

1987 Constitution

- In re: Letter of Reynato Puno, June 29, 1992, 210 SCRA

Effectivity of the 1987 Constitution

- De Leon v. Esguerra, 153 SCRA 602

LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT (Article VI)

Legislative power

Initiative, referendum and Recall

- Defensor-Santiago v. Comelec, GR 127325, March 19, 1997Indirect Initiative

- SBMA v. Comelec, Sept. 26, 1996

Recall

- Garcia v. Comelec, Oct. 5, 1993

Loss of confidence, a political question

- Evardone v. Comelec, 204 SCRA 464, 472

Bicameralism vs. Unicameralism

Senate(Composition; Qualifications; Term of office)

House of Representatives

Composition (District Representatives; Party-list Representatives)

Party-list Representatives

- Veterans Federation Party v. Comelec, G.R. No. 136781, October 6, 2000

- Ang Bagong Bayani-OFW Labor Party v. Comelec, G.R. No. 147589, June 26,2001

Apportionment of Legislative Districts

- Baker v. Carr, 369 US 186

- Mariano v. Comelec, 242 SCRA 211

- Montejo v. Comelec, GR 118702, Mar. 19, 1995

Gerrymandering

Doctrine of Equal Representation


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Qualifications

- Marcos v. Comelec, 248 SCRA 300

- Aquino v. Comelec, Sept. 18, 1995

Theory of legal impossibility

Natural-born- Bengson v. HRET, G.R. No. 142840, May 7, 2001

Term of office

Privileges

Freedom from Arrest

Parliamentary Immunity

- Eastland v. US Servicemen's Fund, 421 US 491

- Hutchinson v. Proxmire, 443 US 111

- Jimenez v. Cabangbang, 17 SCRA 714

Disqualifications and Inhibitions

Effect of Imprisonment

- People v. Jalosjos, G.R. Nos. 132875-76, February 3, 2000

Sessions; Adjournment; Officers

- Santiago v. Guingona, G.R. No. 147589, June 26, 2001

Quorum

- Avelino v. Cuenco, 83 Phil. 17

Rules of Proceedings

- Arroyo v. De Venecia (Sin-taxes case), GR 127255, Aug. 14, 1997

Discipline of members

Suspension vs. Preventive Suspension

- Santiago v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 128055. April 18, 2001

Enrolled Bill Theory

- Mabanag v. Lopez Vito, 78 Phil. 1- Casco Chemical v. Gimenez, 7 SCRA 347

Legislative Journal vs. Enrolled Bill

Electoral Tribunals

Composition

- Bondoc v. Pineda, 201 SCRA 792

- Abbas v. Senate Electoral Tribunal, 166 SCRA 651

Powers

- Aquino v. Comelec, Sept. 18, 1995

- Sampayan v. Daza, 213 SCRA 807

Jurisdiction over Proclamation Controversy

- Caruncho v. Comelec, G.R. No. 135996, September 30, 1999

Commission on Appointments

Composition

- Guingona v. Gonzales, 214 SCRA 789


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Powers

- Sarmiento v. Mison, 156 SCRA 549

Powers of Congress

General Legislative Power

LimitationsSubstantive Limitations

Procedural Limitations

One Bill, one subject

- Guzman v. Comelec, G.R. No. 129118, July 19, 2000

Sufficiency of Title

- Phil. Judges Association v. Prado, GR 105371, Nov. 11, 1993

- Chongbian v. Orbos, 245 SCRA 253

Bills that must originate exclusively from the House

- Tolentino v. Secretary of Finance, GR 115455, Aug. 25, 1994

- Decision on Motion for Reconsideration, Oct. 30, 1995

Three readings on separate days

Bicameral Conference Committee

Legislative Process

Approval of Bills

Presidential veto

Pocket veto

Item veto

- Bengzon v. Drilon, 208 SCRA 133

Legislative veto; One-House Veto- Immigration Service v. Chadha, 462 US 919, 77 L.Ed.2d 317

- Phil. Constitution Association v. Enriquez, 235 SCRA 506

Power of the Purse

Implied limitations on appropriation measure

- Guingona v. Carague, 196 SCRA 221

Constitutional limitations and rules

Riders

Sub rosa appropriation

Prohibition against transfer of appropriationo Phil. Constitution Association v. Enriquez, 235 SCRA 506

o LAMP vs Secretary of Budget and Management (2012)

o Greco Belgica et al vs Sec. Paquito Ochoa et al (November 19, 2013)

Power of Taxation

- McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 US (4 Wheat, 316)

Power of Legislative Investigation

- Senate v. Ermita (E.O.464), G.R. No. 169777

- Bengzon v. Senate Blue Ribbon Committee, 203 SCRA 767

Power to Punish contempt

- Arnault v. Nazareno, 87 Phil. 29

- Arnault v. Balagtas, 97 Phil. 358


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Power to declare existence of state of war

- The Prize cases, 67 US 635, 17 L.Ed. 459

- Mora v. McNamara, 389 US 934, 19 L.Ed.2d 287

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT (Article VII)

President and Vice-President

Qualifications

Natural-born Citizen

- Tecson v. Comelec, G.R. No. 161434, March 3, 2004

Election

Congress as canvassing board

Supreme Court as Electoral Tribunal

- Defensor-Santiago v. Ramos, PET Case no. 001, Feb. 13, 1996

Term of office

Privileges

Official residence

Salary

Presidential Immunity

- In re: Bermudez, 145 SCRA 160

- Beltran v. Makasiar, 167 SCRA 393

- US v. Nixon, 418 US 683, 41 L.Ed.2d 1039

- Nixon v. Fitzgerald, 457 US 731

- Clinton v. Jones, 520 US 681, May 27, 1997- Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2, 2001

- Decision on Motion for Reconsideration, April 3, 2001

Prohibitions and inhibitions

Rules on Succession

Vacancy at beginning of term

Vacancy during the term

Temporary Disability

Removal of the President

- Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2, 2001

- Decision on Motion for Reconsideration, April 3, 2001

Powers

Executive Power

- Planas v. Gil, 67 Phil. 62

- Myers, Administratrix v. United States, 272 US 52

Legislative Powers

- Municipality of San Juan v. CA, Sept. 29, 1997

- Ople v. Torres, GR 127685, July 23, 1998

Residual Powers

- Marcos v. Manglapus, 177 SCRA 668


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Power to Determine National Policy

- The Steel Seizure case, 343 US 579, 96 L.Ed. 1153

Prosecution of Crimes

- Webb v. De Leon, 247 SCRA 652

Creation of Preparatory Committee on Constitutional Reforms

- Gonzales v. Narvasa, G.R. No. 140835, August 14, 2000

Appointing Power

Discretionary power

- Flores v. Drilon, GR 104732, June 22, 1993

- Gordon v. Judge Santos, CA-GR Sp No. 48339, Aug. 21, 1998

- Gordon v. CA, GR 134900, Sept. 1, 1998

- Luego v. Civil Service Commission, 143 SCRA 327

Classes of Appointment

- Gaminde v. COA, G.R. No. 140335, December 13, 2000

Appointments subject to confirmation of Commission on Appointments

- Sarmiento v. Mison, 156 SCRA 549

- Manalo v. Sistoza, GR 107369, Aug. 11, 1999

Limitations on the Appointment Power

Power of Removal

Power of Control

Control vs. Supervision

- Drilon v. Lim, GR 112497, Aug. 4, 1994

Alter-ego Principle or Doctrine of Qualified Political Agency- Carpio v. Executive Secretary, Feb. 14, 1992

The Executive Secretary

- Lacson-Magallanes v. Pano, 21 SCRA 895

Military Powers

Commander-in-chief clause

- Ex Parte Milligan, 71 US 2

- David v. Macapagal-Arroyo (PP1017), GR 171396, May 3, 2006

- Aquino v. Military Commission No. 2, 63 SCRA 546

- Olaguer v. Military Commission No. 34, 150 SCRA 144- Carpio v. Executive Secretary, supra

Calling Out the Armed Forces


Declaration of State of Rebellion

- Lacson v. Perez, G.R. No. 147780, May 10, 2001

Declaration of martial law

- Aquino v. Enrile, 59 SCRA 183

Suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus

- Barcelon v. Baker, 5 Phil. 87

- Montenegro v. Castaeda, 91 Phil. 882

- Lansang v. Garcia, 42 SCRA 448

- Garcia-Padilla v. Enrile, 121 SCRA 472


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Pardoning Power

- People v. Salle, 250 SCRA 581, Dec. 4, 1995

- Monsanto v. Factoran, 170 SCRA 190

- Garcia v. Chairman, COA, 226 SCRA 356

Pardon vs. Amnesty

Diplomatic Power

- Dames & Moore v. Regan, 453 US 654

Treaties vs. Executive Agreements

Power to Impound

- Philconsa v. Enriquez, Aug. 19, 1994

JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT (Article VIII)

Judicial Power

Expanded jurisdiction

Effect on the political question doctrine

Jurisdiction

- Diaz v. CA, Dec. 5, 1994

- First Lepanto Ceramics v. CA, Oct. 7, 1994

Constitutional Safeguards to insure independence of the Judiciary

Justices/judges may not be designated to any agency performing non-judicial

functions

Fiscal Autonomy

POWER OF JUDICIAL REVIEW

- Marbury v. Madison, 5 US 137, 2 L.Ed. 60

- Defensor-Santiago v. Guingona, GR 134577, Nov. 18, 1998

- Francisco v. House of Representatives, GR 160261, Nov. 10, 2003

Judicial Supremacy vs. Constitutional Supremacy

Political vs. Justiciable Question

- Baker v. Carr, 396 US 186- Nixon v. US, 506 US 224

- Goldwater v. Carter, 444 US 996, 62 L.Ed.2d 428

- Sanidad v. Comelec, 73 SCRA 333

- Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2, 2001

- Brillantes v. Concepcion, GR 163193, June 15, 2004

Presumption of Constitutionality

- Lim v. Pacquing, GR 115044, Jan. 27, 1995

Requisites of Judicial Review:

1. Actual Case or Controversy

- Board of Optometry v. Colet, GR 122241, July 30, 1996

- Mariano v. Comelec, 242 SCRA 211

- Fernandez v. Torres, 215 SCRA 489

- La Bugal-Blaan TribalAssn. v. DENR Secretary, GR 127882, Jan. 27, 2004


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Ripeness

- City of Los Angeles v. Lyons, 461 US 95, 75 L.Ed.2d 675

Mootness

- David v. Macapagal-Arroyo (PP1017), GR 171396, May 3, 2006- La Bugal-Blaan TribalAssn. v. DENR Secretary, GR 127882, Dec. 1, 2004

- DeFunis v. Odegaard, 416 US 312, 40 L.Ed.2d 164

2. Proper Party

Conventional Standing

- Warth v. Seldin, 422 US 490, 45 L.Ed.2d. 343

Representative Standing

Jus Tertii standing

- Craig v. Boren, 429 US 190, 50 L.Ed.2d. 397

Transcendental importance to the public

- Tatad v. Garcia, 243 SCRA 436

- Kilosbayan v. Guingona, 232 SCRA 110

- Kilosbayan v. Morato, 246 SCRA 540

- Kilosbayan v. Morato (Recon.), GR 118910, Nov. 16, 1995

Standing of members of Congress

- Philconsa v. Enriquez, 235 SCRA 506- Bagatsing v. Committee on Privatization, GR 112399, July 14, 1995

Standing of Integrated Bar of the Philippines


Standing of the Government to question its own laws

- People v. Vera, 65 Phil. 56

Taxpayers Suits

- Bayan v. Zamora, G.R. No. 138570, October 10, 2000- Gonzales v. Narvasa, G.R. No. 140835, August 14, 2000

3. Question must be raised at the earliest possible opportunity

4. Constitutional question must the very "lis mota" of the case

Doctrine of Purposeful Hesitation

- Drilon v. Lim, GR 112497, Aug. 4, 1994

Functions of Judicial Review

Effects of Declaration of Unconstitutionality

Doctrine of Operative Fact

- Republic v. CA, GR 79732, Nov. 8, 1993

Appointment to the Judiciary


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Procedure for Appointment

Judicial and Bar Council

Supreme Court

Composition

En Banc & Division casesFortich v. Corona, G.R. No. 131457, August 19, 1999

Powers

Supervision over the Judiciary

- Dolalas v. Office of the Ombudsman, Dec. 24, 1996

Rule-making powers

- Maniago v. CA, 253 SCRA 674

Mandatory Review of Death Penalty Cases

- People v. Esparas, GR 120034, Aug. 20, 1996

Writ of Amparo

Equipoise Doctrine

Decisions of the Court

- Nicos Industrial Corp. v. CA, 206 SCRA 127

- Prudential Bank v. Castro, 158 SCRA 646

Power to control execution of decision

- Echegaray v. Secretary of Justice, GR 132601, Jan. 19, 1999

Tenure of Justices/Judges

- De la Llana v. Alba, 112 SCRA 294

Removal and Discipline- Maceda v. Ombudsman, GR 102781, Apr. 22, 1993

- People v. Gacott, 246 SCRA 52

Salaries

- Perfecto v. Meer, 85 Phil. 552

- Endencia v. David, 93 Phil. 696

- Nitafan v. Commisioner of Internal Revenue, 152 SCRA 284

INDEPENDENT CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSION (Article IX)

Safeguards to insure the independence of the CommissionsProhibition on appointment in an acting capacity

- Brillantes v. Yorac, 192 SCRA 358

Disqualifications and Inhibitions

Decisions - Certiorari to the Supreme Court

- Galido v. Comelec, Jan. 18, 1991

- Reyes v. RTC, 244 SCRA 41

- Garces v. CA, July 17, 1996

SC Revised Admin. Cir. 1-95

1. Civil Service Commission

Scope of the Civil Service

- DOH v. NLRC, 251 SCRA 700

Approval of appointments

- Luego v. Civil Service Commission, 143 SCRA 327

- Ramonte v. CSC, 244 SCRA 498


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2. Commission on Elections

En Banc and Division cases

- Sarmiento v. Comelec, 212 SCRA 307

Powers and Functions

- Relampagos v. Cumba, 243 SCRA 690

- Loong v. Comelec, GR 133676, Apr. 14, 1999Exclusive Original Jurisdiction and Appellate Jurisdiction

- Guieb v. Fontanilla, 247 SCRA 348, Aug. 14, 1995

Special Registration of New Voters

- Akbayan Youth v. Comelec, G.R. No. 147066, March 26, 2001

3. Commission on Audit

- Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. COA, GR 101976, Jan. 29, 1993

AUTONOMY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS (Article X)

Decentralization of Administration vs. decentralization of Power

- Limbonas v. Mangelin, 170 SCRA 786

- Basco v. PAGCOR, 197 SCRA 52

Autonomous Region

- Disomangcop v. DPWH Secretary, GR 149848, November 25, 2004

Indigenous Cultural Communities

- Cruz v. DENR Secretary, G.R. No. 135385, December 6, 2000

Honest public service and full public disclosure

ACCOUNTABILITY OF PUBLIC OFFICERS (Article XI)

Impeachment

Impeachable Officers

Grounds for Impeachment

Procedure

- Romulo v. Yniguez, 141 SCRA 263

Impeachment and Criminal Prosecution

- Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2, 2001- Decision on Motion for Reconsideration, April 3, 2001

Sandiganbayan

Jurisdiction

- Lacson v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 128096, January 20, 1999

Ombudsman

Supervision and control

- Acop v. Office of the Ombudsman, 248 SCRA 566

Prosecutorial Powers

- Camanag v. Guerrero, GR 121017, Feb. 17, 1997

Power to issue subpoena; Form of complaint

- Almonte v. Vasquez, 244 SCRA 266

Power to Investigate Administrative Charges

Concurrent with the Office of the President

- Hagad v. Dadole, 241 SCRA 242


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Concurrent with the DOJ

- Honasan v. DOJ Panel of Investigating Prosecutors, GR 159747, Apr. 13, 2004

Power to investigate cases of ill-gotten wealth after Feb. 25, 1996

- Republic v. Sandiganbayan, Sept. 24, 1994

Ombudsman for the Military

- Agbay v. Deputy Ombudsman for the Military, G.R. No. 134503, July 2, 1999

Special Prosecutor

- Zaldivar v. Gonzales, 160 SCRA 843

Commission on Human Rights

Powers and Functions of the Commission

- Cario v. CHR, GR 96681, Dec. 2, 1991

Civil Rights vs. Political Rights

- Simon v. CHR, 229 SCRA 117, Jan. 5, 1994

Fiscal Autonomy

- CHR Employees Assn. v. CHR, GR No. 155336, Nov. 25, 2004

Presidential Commission on Good Government

- Chavez v. PCGG, GR 130716, Dec. 9, 1998

- Cojuangco v. Roxas, 195 SCRA 797

- Republic v. Sandiganbayan, 258 SCRA 685

- Romualdez v. Sandiganbayan, 244 S 152

Sequestration

- Republic v. Sandiganbayan, GR 106244, Jan. 22, 1997

Order signed by only one commissioner

- Republic v. Sandiganbayan, GR 113420, Mar. 7, 1997

Imprescriptibility of Right of State to Recover Ill-gotten Wealth

- Presidential Committee on Behest Loans v. Desierto,

(G.R. No. 130140, October 25, 1999)

AMENDMENT PROCESS (ARTICLE XVII)

Amendment vs. RevisionProcedure

1. Proposal

a. By Congress

b. By a Constitutional Convention

Theories on Position of Constitutional Convention

c. By the People thru Initiative

RA 6735

- Defensor-Santiago v. Comelec, GR 127325, March 19, 1997

2. Ratification

Doctrine of Proper Submission

- Tolentino v. Comelec, 41 SCRA 702

Judicial Review of Amendments


- Sanidad v. Comelec, 73 SCRA 333

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