Microteaching

SYLLABUS OF CHEMISTRY(SCIENCE AND MATHEMATIC SPECIALISATION FIELD)

Education Level: Senior High SchoolGrade: XICore Competencies:1. Appreciating and practicing their religion precept2. Appreciating and practicing honest behavior, discipline, responsibility, caring (mutual assistance, cooperation, tolerance, peace), polite, responsive and proactive, and show attitude as part of the solution to various problems in interacting effectively with the social and natural environment as well as in position ourselves as a reflection of the nation in the association world3. Understanding, implementing, and analyzing factual knowledge, conceptual, procedural, and metacognitive based on his curiosity about science, technology, arts, culture, and humanities with knowledge of humanity, national, state, and civilization-related causes of phenomena and events, as well as apply the knowledge procedural in specific fields of study according to their talents and interests to solve problems4. Processing, reasoning, and presenting in the realm of the concrete and abstract domains associated with the development of the independently learned in school, acting effectively and creatively, and be able to use the method according to the rules of scienceBasic CompetenceSubject MatterLearningEvaluationTime AllocationLearning Resources

2.1 Recognizing the regularity of hydrocarbon properties, thermochemical, the rate of reaction, chemical equilibrium, solutions and colloids as a manifestation of the greatness of Almighty God and the knowledge of the existence of the order as a result of human creative thinking that the truth is tentative2.1 Demonstrating scientific behavior (curious, disciplined, honest, objective, open, able to distinguish fact and opinion, tenacious, conscientious, responsible, critical, creative, innovative, democratic, communicative) in designing and conducting experiments and discussions are embodied in daily life.2.2 Showing the behavior of cooperative, polite, tolerant, peace-loving and caring environment and saving in the use of natural resources.2.3 Demonstrating pro-active behavior responsive and wise as a manifestation of the ability to solve problems and make decisions3.13 Analyzing the function of buffers in living bodies4.13 Designing, conducting, and concluding and presenting the results of experiments to determine the properties of the buffer solutionThe properties and function of the buffer solution in the living body Observing Find the information from various sources about the buffer solution, the pH of the buffer solution and the properties and function of the buffer solution in the living body Find the information about the blood associated with its ability to maintain the pH of the acid or base addition and dilutionQuestioning Asking the question of how the formation of a buffer solution Why buffer solution pH remained relatively unchanged with the addition of a little acid or base What are the benefits of the buffer solution in the living bodyExperimenting Analyze the nature of the buffer solutionAssociating Process and analyze the data to conclude that the solution is a buffer Determine the relationship changes pH graph on the acid-base titration to explain the properties of the buffer solution CommunicatingCommunicate the properties of the buffer solution and the function of buffer solution in the living bodyHomework Write in notebook about the characteristic and role of the buffer solution in the living body and insert the discussion report in classObservation Scientific attitude in discussions, active, cooperative, communicative, and care for the environment, etc.) Presentation perform of the discussion reportPortfolio Discussion reportTest Quiz test 3 weeks x 4 hours of lesson- Book chemistry class XI - Worksheets - Various other sources

LESSON PLAN

A. IDENTITYSchool: Senior High SchoolSubject: ChemistryClass/ Semester: XISubject Matter: The characteristic and function of the buffer solution in the living bodyTime Allocation:B. BASIC COMPETENCE AND INDICATORSBasic Competence in 2nd Core Competence2.3 Demonstrating pro-active behavior responsive and wise as a manifestation of the ability to solve problems and make decisionsIndicators: Differentiate buffer solution and non-buffer solutionBasic Competence in 3rd Core Competence3.13 Analyzing the function of buffers in living bodiesIndicators: Describe the function of the buffer solution in the living bodyBasic Competence in 4th Core Competence4.13 Designing, conducting, and concluding and presenting the results of experiments to determine the properties of the buffer solution Analyze the properties of buffer solution based on graph changes in pH buffers and tables of experimental results

C. LEARNING OBJECTIVES1. Students can explain individually as much as 3 properties of the buffer solution after looking at the graph changes in pH between buffer solution and not a buffer solution2. Students can explain individually at least an examples of the function of buffer solution after discussions with the group

D. LEARNING MATERIALS1. The properties of buffer solution2. The function of buffer solution in living body

E. LEARNING APPROACH AND METHODS1. Approach: Scientific2. Model: Problem Based Learning3. Strategy: Collaborative and cooperative4. Methods: discussions, assignments, question and answer

F. MEDIA AND RESOURCES OF LEARNING1. Tools and Materials: a. Learning Media: LCD, Power Point Interactiveb. Student activity sheets 2. Learning Resources: a. students resources Harnanto, A and Ruminten. 2009. Chemistry for Senior High School/MA XI Grade. Jakarta: Center of Books, the Ministry of National Education. b. Teachers resources Premono, S. and friends. 2009. Chemistry for Senior High School/MA XI Grade. Jakarta: Center of Books, the Ministry of National Education Fajar Partanam, S and Wiyarsi, A. 2009. Lets Study Chemistry for Senior High School/MA XI Grade. Jakarta: Center of Books, the Ministry of National Education Harnanto, A and Ruminten. 2009. Chemistry for Senior High School/MA XI Grade. Jakarta: Center of Books, the Ministry of National Educationc. Website: www.youtube.com; www.translate.google.com

G. LEARNING STEPSACTIVITIESDESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITIESTIMES (MINUTES)

Introduction

Teacher opens the learning activity by greeting, pray, and ask the student attendance Teacher express the purpose of learning today Teachers motivates students by asking questions to guide students in learning about the topics to be discussed at today's meeting Teacher divides the class into groups with each group consisting of 7 members5

Main Students are asked to observe the graph of pH changes in buffer and non-buffer solution that exist on the worksheet along with some issues regarding the function of buffer in the living body to obtain the knowledge to use in a discussion group Students are asked to discuss with the group to explain the characteristics of the buffer and its function in the living body and each students fill the attitude peer assesment Teacher reads the quiz rule and give quiz to the students Students from each groups were given the opportunity to answer the question20

Closing Teacher gives rewards (eg, praise or other relevant rewards) to groups that have high score in quiz Teachers does a review of the student's work and reflection by asking students to conclude the learning today Teacher gives assignment to write the learning material today and inserted the discussion result with the conclusion in notebook of each students and study the subject matters for the meeting later Teacher ends the class by pray and closing greeting5

H. LEARNING ASSESSMENT1. Assessment Techniques: a. Aspects of Knowledge: The assignmentb. Aspects of Attitude: Attitude of students during the lesson c. Aspects Skills: The score in question and answer method 2. Form of Instruments: a. Discussion sheetb. The Question and answer sheetc. The Assignment sheetd. Attitude peer assessment sheete. Observation skills assessment sheet

DISCUSSION SHEET (1/2)Buffer system have 3 properties, students in Marmara Senior High School are asked to find the properties based on experiment result by their teacher. In the experiment, they prepared 9 beaker glasses, buffer solution (contained 0.1 M CH3COOH and 0.1 M CH3COONa), non-buffer solution (0.1 M NaCl), 0.1 M HCl, 0.1 M NaOH, and distilled water. After that they add 10 mL buffer solution in each 9 beaker glasses then in each glasses they give different treatments then measure the pH by pH meter.1st glass: 10 mL buffer added by 1 mL 0.1 M HCl solution2nd glass: 10 mL buffer added by 5 mL 0.1 M HCl solution3rd glass: 10 mL buffer added by 10 mL 0.1 M HCl solution4th glass: 10 mL buffer added by 11 mL 0.1 M HCl solution5th glass: 10 mL buffer added by 1 mL 0.1 M NaOH solution6th glass: 10 mL buffer added by 5 mL 0.1 M NaOH solution7th glass: 10 mL buffer added by 10 mL 0.1 M NaOH solution8th glass: 10 mL buffer added by 11 mL 0.1 M NaOH solution9th glass: 10 mL buffer added by 20 mL distilled waterAfter observe the buffer solution, they change 10 mL buffer solution by 10 mL non-buffer solution and do the treatment like they did in buffer solution. Then, their experiment results:

Table 1. The result of the addition of a strong acid and a strong baseThe Solution123456789

Buffer Non-buffer4.732.324.701.704.661.484,641.454.7511.684.7912.304.8312.524.8112.554.757

Picture 1. Graph of the change in pH buffer solutions (a) and the solution instead of buffer (non-buffer solution) (b) by the addition of a strong acid and a strong base After know their experiment result, can you write the reaction and can conclude by explain the 3 properties of buffer solution? And what will happen if too much base or acid added? Answer:

DISCUSSION SHEET (2/2) Is it my blood buffer system?Have you ever seen blood? What is the general condition when you see? Red? Slightly thick? Then, have you measured the pH of your blood?Yes, we can see the blood in various ways, for example when we are injured arm or leg is usually bloody, or when they want to donate blood, blood checks, and so on.In general, the blood is red and it is a bit thick, but not too thick, it is the observation by naked eye were observed directly. However, unlike with blood pH, by special techniques are required to measure it. In general, normal blood pH is around 7.35-7.45. Then how can maintain blood pH?Blood is a buffer system in the body, in this case what the content of the blood that is called a buffer system?Blood contains bicarbonate and carbonic acid. Can you determine which one is the acid and which is the base conjugation?How can the presence of these two compounds in blood maintain the pH? Carbonic acid in blood acts to bind the base and will be produced bicarbonate acid and water, while the bicarbonate acid will bind the acid and will be produced carbonic acid, the cycle continues in the blood, so the blood pH is maintained. In general, the ratio of the concentration of bicarbonate acid and carbonic acid is 20:1.So what happens if there is no bicarbonate and carbonic acid in the blood? Maybe if there are uncontained its compounds the blood pH could be acidic (acidosis) or alkaline (alkalosis). After reading the article that contains the problems, can you: 1. Write down the buffer reaction happened.2. Determine which one the acid and its base conjugate. 3. Explain the buffer system in the blood and the relation with buffer properties. 4. Give another buffer application in the body.Answer:

THE QUESTION AND ANSWER SHEET

Question 1: What is the difference between buffer and non-buffer solution?Answer: When added by a few drops of strong/weak acid/base, the pH will not change significantlyQuestion 2: Draw the graph of buffer solution and non-buffer solution when added by a few drops of acid or base?Answer:

Picture A is buffer solutionPicture B is non-buffer solutionQuestion 3: Explain the graph with the characteristic of buffer solution!Answer: on the buffer solution graph, its seem that the curve related to mole H+ or OH- and pH doesnt change significantly, so it can be known the solution of buffer have the characteristics:1. The pH of buffer solution practically unchanged on the addition of a little bit of a strong acid or a strong base or dilution.2. The pH of buffer solution change on relatively large addition of strong acids or strong bases are, when the addition a strong acid or a strong base is spending component of the buffer solution, the pH of the solution will change drastically.3. The strength of a buffer solution depends on the number of moles of the components, i.e the number of moles of weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and the number of moles of conjugate acid.Question 4: Mention as much as you know about the function of buffer solution! Answer: Carbonate buffer solution in the blood, Carbonate buffer solution in the blood, Amino acid buffer solutionQuestion 5: Explain the function one of the buffer solution in the living body with the reaction?Answer: 1. Carbonate buffer solution in the blood (H2CO3 with HCO3-)The food we eat will be distributed throughout the body, one through the blood. Blood has a pH that is relatively remain, ie ranged from 7.0 to 8.0. Blood pH relatively stable and remain because the content of the carbonate buffer solution in the blood have a composition that is always remain. So how do carbonate buffer solution maintain a pH of blood? Here's an overview of the process.If the metabolism is produced a base, then the ion OH- will react with acidic carbonic (H2CO3) according to the reaction:

In contrast, if the metabolism is an acid, the H + ions from the acid will be bound by HCO3- ions according to the reaction:

With the two reactions above, the concentration ratio carbonate and bicarbonate are always remain, so that the blood pH is relatively remain.Or2. Phosphate buffer solution in the intracellular fluid (H2PO4 with HPO42-)Intracellular fluids in living body acts as a medium involving the metabolism of acidic fluids or bases. As a result, the pH of the intracellular fluid can turn into an acid or base, depending on the acid or base is involved in the metabolism of the body. Metabolism is accelerated by a substance called enzymes. The enzyme can only work optimally within a certain pH called the optimum pH.How to keep the pH of the intracellular fluid remain in a state of optimum? So that the optimum pH of the intracellular fluid, in living body there is a phosphate buffer solution. Phosphate buffer solution is derived from a weak acid diphosphate (HPO42-) and its base conjugate (H2PO4-). If in the process of metabolism produced more acid, then the acid will react with HPO42-ions according to the reaction:

Vice versa, if the metabolic processes produce more base, then the base will react with H2PO4-ions according to the reaction:

The existence of both reactions above caused the comparisons between HPO42 - with H2PO4-remain, so that the intracellular pH in the liquid always remains.Or3. Amino acid buffer solutionAmino acids are carboxylic acids having amino groups. Amino acids are protein components, having -NH2 groups on the atoms and the-COOH as group position. If the amino acid soluble in water, then the carboxylic group will release H+ ions, while the amine group will accept H+ ions. The reaction is as follows:

Question 6: What will happen if in the buffer solution is added by too much acid or base?Answer: base or acid conjugation of the buffer solution will completely reacted with acid or base added, so buffer solution cant hold the pH, then the pH will increase or decrease significantly

LEARNING MATERIALSProperties of Buffer SolutionTo be more understand the properties of buffer solution, it will be studied the influence of the addition of strong acids, strong bases, and the dilution of the pH of the buffer solution and non-buffer solution. There are table and graphics of the experiment result of buffer solution properties:Table 1. The result of the addition of a strong acid and a strong baseThe Solution123456789

Buffer Non-buffer4.732.324.701.704.661.484,641.454.7511.684.7912.304.8312.524.8112.554.757

Explanation:1. 10 mL buffer/non-buffer added by 1 mL 0.1 M HCl solution2. 10 mL buffer/non-buffer added by 5 mL 0.1 M HCl solution3. 10 mL buffer/non-buffer added by 10 mL 0.1 M HCl solution4. 10 mL buffer/non-buffer added by 11 mL 0.1 M HCl solution5. 10 mL buffer/non-buffer added by 1 mL 0.1 M NaOH solution6. 10 mL buffer/non-buffer added by 5 mL 0.1 M NaOH solution7. 10 mL buffer/non-buffer added by 10 mL 0.1 M NaOH solution8. 10 mL buffer/non-buffer added by 11 mL 0.1 M NaOH solution9. 10 mL buffer/non-buffer added by 20 mL distilled water

Picture 1. Graph of the change in pH buffer solutions (a) and the solution instead of buffer (non-buffer solution) (b) by the addition of a strong acid and a strong baseAs the graph above, can be concluded that the properties of buffer solution are:1. The pH of buffer solution practically unchanged on the addition of a little bit of a strong acid or a strong base or dilution.2. The pH of buffer solution change on relatively large addition of strong acids or strong bases are, when the addition a strong acid or a strong base is spending component of the buffer solution, the pH of the solution will change drastically.3. The strength of a buffer solution depends on the number of moles of the components, i.e the number of moles of weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and the number of moles of conjugate acid.

The Function of Buffer Solution

Most biochemical reactions within the living body only can take place at a certain pH. Therefore, body fluids should a pH buffer solution that is always constant when metabolism underway. There are the buffer solution in living body:1. Carbonate buffer solution in the blood (H2CO3 with HCO3-)The food we eat will be distributed throughout the body, one through the blood. Blood has a pH that is relatively remain, ie ranged from 7.0 to 8.0. Blood pH relatively stable and remain because the content of the carbonate buffer solution in the blood have a composition that is always remain. So how do carbonate buffer solution maintain a pH of blood? Here's an overview of the process.If the metabolism is produced a base, then the ion OH- will react with acidic carbonic (H2CO3) according to the reaction:

In contrast, if the metabolism is an acid, the H + ions from the acid will be bound by HCO3- ions according to the reaction:

With the two reactions above, the concentration ratio carbonic and bicarbonate are always remain, so that the blood pH is relatively remain.2. Phosphate buffer solution in the intracellular fluid (H2PO4 with HPO42-)Intracellular fluids in living body acts as a medium involving the metabolism of acidic fluids or bases. As a result, the pH of the intracellular fluid can turn into an acid or base, depending on the acid or base is involved in the metabolism of the body. Metabolism is accelerated by a substance called enzymes. The enzyme can only work optimally within a certain pH called the optimum pH.How to keep the pH of the intracellular fluid remain in a state of optimum? So that the optimum pH of the intracellular fluid, in living body there is a phosphate buffer solution. Phosphate buffer solution is derived from a weak acid diphosphate (HPO42-) and its base conjugate (H2PO4-). If in the process of metabolism produced more acid, then the acid will react with HPO42-ions according to the reaction:

Vice versa, if the metabolic processes produce more base, then the base will react with H2PO4-ions according to the reaction:

The existence of both reactions above caused the comparisons between HPO42 - with H2PO4-remain, so that the intracellular pH in the liquid always remains.3. Amino acid buffer solutionAmino acids are carboxylic acids having amino groups. Amino acids are protein components, having -NH2 groups on the atoms and the-COOH as group position. If the amino acid soluble in water, then the carboxylic group will release H+ ions, while the amine group will accept H+ ions. The reaction is as follows:

LEARNING MATERIAL FOR STUDENTThe Characteristic and Function of Buffer Solution in Living Body

The Characteristic of Buffer solutionHi guys, do you know about buffer?Yah I know Umm?!??

Have you ever titrate a solution with acid or base, but the pH of it solution remain constant or slightly change??If you never seen that phenomenon, lets do this experiment:123456789

5 mL of 0.1 M CH3COOH and 5 mL 0.1 M CH3COONa added into each glass, then do different treatments bellow:1st glass: 10 mL buffer added by 1 mL 0.1 M HCl solution2nd glass: 10 mL buffer added by 5 mL 0.1 M HCl solution3rd glass: 10 mL buffer added by 10 mL 0.1 M HCl solution4th glass: 10 mL buffer added by 11 mL 0.1 M HCl solution5th glass: 10 mL buffer added by 1 mL 0.1 M NaOH solution6th glass: 10 mL buffer added by 5 mL 0.1 M NaOH solution7th glass: 10 mL buffer added by 10 mL 0.1 M NaOH solution8th glass: 10 mL buffer added by 11 mL 0.1 M NaOH solution9th glass: 10 mL buffer added by 20 mL distilled waterAfter observe the buffer solution, they change 10 mL buffer solution by 10 mL non-buffer solution and do the treatment like they did in buffer solution.pH slightly change in the mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate

Contain of weak acid or baseSo, in buffer solution:Contain of weak acid or base conjugationpH remain constant or slightly change when added by acid or baseThen, how is the properties of buffer solution?

Based on the graphics of experiment results can be concluded that buffer solution are:1. The pH of buffer solution practically unchanged on the addition of a little bit of a strong acid or a strong base or dilution.2. The pH of buffer solution change on relatively large addition of strong acids or strong bases are, when the addition a strong acid or a strong base is spending component of the buffer solution, the pH of the solution will change drastically.3. The strength of a buffer solution depends on the number of moles of the components, i.e the number of moles of weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and the number of moles of conjugate acid.NOTE: The pH of buffer solution will not always remain constant or slightly change, it will be increase or decrease if added by too much acid or base

The Function of Buffer Solution in living body Teacher I know there are buffer solutions in our body

Yes, thats absolutely right, that our body is contain buffer solutions. What are the buffer solutions in our body? Lets check!Carbonate and bicarbonateBuffer solutions in our bodyPhosphateAmino acid1. Carbonate and bicarbonateThe food we eat will be distributed throughout the body, one through the blood. Blood has a pH that is relatively remain, ie ranged from 7.0 to 8.0. Blood pH relatively stable and remain because the content of the carbonate buffer solution in the blood have a composition that is always remain. So how do carbonate buffer solution maintain a pH of blood? Here's an overview of the process.If the metabolism is produced a base, then the ion OH- will react with acidic carbonic, in contrast, if the metabolism is an acid, the H + ions from the acid will be bound by HCO3- . With the two reactions above, the concentration ratio carbonic and bicarbonate are always remain, so that the blood pH is relatively remain.2. Phosphate buffer solution in the intracellular fluid (H2PO4 with HPO42-)Intracellular fluids in living body acts as a medium involving the metabolism of acidic fluids or bases. As a result, the pH of the intracellular fluid can turn into an acid or base, depending on the acid or base is involved in the metabolism of the body. Metabolism is accelerated by a substance called enzymes. The enzyme can only work optimally within a certain pH called the optimum pH.How to keep the pH of the intracellular fluid remain in a state of optimum? So that the optimum pH of the intracellular fluid, in living body there is a phosphate buffer solution. Phosphate buffer solution is derived from a weak acid diphosphate (HPO42-) and its base conjugate (H2PO4-). If in the process of metabolism produced more acid, then the acid will react with HPO42-ions. Vice versa, if the metabolic processes produce more base, then the base will react with H2PO4-ions. The existence of both reactions above caused the comparisons between HPO42 - with H2PO4-remain, so that the intracellular pH in the liquid always remains.3. Amino acid buffer solutionAmino acids are carboxylic acids having amino groups. Amino acids are protein components, having -NH2 groups on the atoms and the-COOH as group position. If the amino acid soluble in water, then the carboxylic group will release H+ ions, while the amine group will accept H+ ions.

Oky, now is your turn guys to find the reaction of each phenomenon above !?!

THE ASSIGNMENT SHEET

Complete your chemistry notebook by:1. Insert the first discussion sheet and write the answer2. Insert the second discussion sheet and write the answer3. Write the interested thing of the learning today4. Write which sub material that confusing you5. Write what will you do to solve your problems

ATTITUDE PEER ASSESMENT SHEET1. Mention who is your friend that is the most understand about the material in your group2. Mention who is your friend that is the most active talking about the material in your group3. Mention 3 of your friends that are work well in the group4. Mention 3 of your friends that are not work well in the group5. Mention who is your friend that doesnt give the contribution in your group6. Mention who can answer the quiz so your group collect the point7. Mention the job of each students in your group

OBSERVATION SKILLS ASSESSMENT SHEETGROUP 1GROUP 2GROUP 3STUDENT NAME