HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN SANGLI DISTRICT:

A GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS

A SYNOPSIS

SUBMITTED TO

SHRI JAGDISHPRASAD JHABARMAL TIBREWALA UNIVERSITY,

FOR THE DEGREE OF

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

IN

GEOGRAPHY

BY

Mr. Dnyanoba Babaso Devakate

REGISTRATION NO:

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Dr. Kothavale Subhash Shivappa

DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY

SHRI JAGDISHPRASAD JHABARMAL TIBREWALA UNIVERSITY,

VIDYANAGARI, JHUNJHUNU, RAJASTHAN – 333001

YEAR 2012-13

1

INTRODUCTION

Sangli is the 21st smallest district in terms of size in Maharashtra and it

covers 8,578 Sq. Km. of area. It includes 10 tahsils with different

geographical and climate situations. Sangli city is the district head quarter.

Sangli district has a great cultural background.

Physiographically the district has various landforms like hills ranges

mostly in Shirala, Kadegaon and Khanapur tahsils and the plateau region is

at the eastern part of the district. The Krishna river basin is a most irrigated

area of the district, which is categorized in plane region. Generally the

climate of Sangli district is hot and dry. The western hilly regions receive

more rain fall at Shirala and Walva tahsil. But most of the Eastern parts

Jath, Atpadi, Khanapur, Khavate-Mahankal tahsils are remains drought porn

due to lack of rainfall.

According to the census 2011, the Sangli district has population

2,820,575; out of that 74.49% rural and 25.51% is urban. Population

density of Sangli district is 329 inhabitants per Sq. Kilometer. Growth rate

of population over decade was 9.18% in 2001-2011. Sex ratio of district is

964 for every 1000 males and Literacy rate is 82.62%.

As there is large population in the villages and also the climate is

characterized as drought porne, the agriculture is the main occupation of the

people. The villages are well connected with the urban areas of the district

for their needs such as education, health, administrative, industrial produces,

fertilizers and pesticides and also as a market centers for the agricultural

productions.

Human resources mean people can act as capital assets, which yield a

stream of economic benefits over their working life. Human working

develops society by their skilled and unskilled work and produces some

kind of outcomes. Those outcomes converted into money. Money causes the

2

economy and economy affects the living standards of people. This effect

shows the development of villages, towns and cities.

Human resource development can be defined as “To develop available

manpower through suitable methods such as education, special trainings,

work promotions, transfers and opportunities to fulfill the human needs and

goals of society to developed structure”.

The development of quantity and quality of population causes the

human resource evolution. Human resource has two types of investments,

direct investment and indirect investment.

Direct human investment shows that people are engaged with direct

work which is to be available naturally. Most of the population of the

district is engaged in agricultural sector. Sugarcane, grapes and turmeric are

the important cash crops. The mining activity is also observed where

resources are available in the district for extraction of stones, grits and

bauxite. The sand from river bed is also used for construction. Some people

are working in mining occupation. As Sangli district is endowed with

various river beds and many water storage tanks, dams, due to those

resources some people are working in fishing occupation. Majority of

farmers takes animal husbandry as an occupation, supplementary to

farming. Rearing goats and sheep, Poultry are other important occupations

observed in the district. It means the direct investment of human resource

are farming, animal husbandry, mining, fishing and building construction

are the natural sources of work in the district Sangli.

Indirect investment in human resource provides resource of intelligent

people like teachers, professors, engineers, doctors, lawyers, mechanics and

technical professionals. Indirect human resources development in Sangli

district is provided through well network of various educational systems

such as Primary, Secondary and Higher Secondary education, Industrial

3

training (ITI), Higher education like graduation and post gradation,

technical trainings are available through diploma and Degrees in Textiles,

Engineering, Pharmacy, Nursing, computer and Information technology.

Medical and law institutes are also available in Sangli district.

The role of sugar factories through co-operative and private sector is

much important in the development of industrial sector however, separate

industrial estates are developed at Miraj, Kupwad, Palus, Vita, Jat and

Kadegaon, through Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation.

Besides those the dairy farms, chilling plants and hatcheries, spinning mills

are also among growing industries. The Industrial development of the

district is initially started with a factory at Kirloskarwadi which is known

for the productions of iron implements for agriculture

Small scale industries like handlooms, garments, waving rough

blankets are also established. Miraj is famous for string instruments. In

addition, there are many other industries like diamond cuttings, Silver and

gold ornaments, pottery making, foot wares, cement and plastic pipes.

Cottage industries are making pickels, papads, bhadang etc.

Human resource studies guide us to meet the need of manpower,

replacement of manpower, for meeting the challenges of technological

environments.

4

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

1. Annelies Zoomers, (2006), “Three Decades of Rural Development

Projects in Asia, Latin America, and Africa: Learning From

Successes and Failures” Researcher aims to contribute to the

discussion about how to make development interventions more

effective by analyzing the factors contributing to the success or

failure of rural development projects. We made an aggregate level

analysis of 46 projects in the field of agricultural research (AR), water

management (WM), natural resource management (NRM), and

integrated rural development (IRD), financed by the Netherlands’

Directorate-General for International Cooperation (DGIS) and carried

out between 1975-2005 in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Making a

distinction between the successful projects and failures, we showed

the possibilities and limitations

2. Ankit Sharma et. al., (2012), “Rural Development in India: State

Level Experiences”, This explanations, the 2011 Census estimates

that 69 percent of the country’s total population inhabits in villages.

Despite implementing a number of programmers for creating gainful

employment opportunities and to improve the quality of lives of rural

masses, rural development continues to be a key policy challenge.

Rural development essentially reflects in the improvements in the

economic well being of people living in villages. In some way, it

reflects in the increase in the purchasing power of the rural

inhabitants.

3. Alexia Prskawetz et. al., (2004), “The Effects of Age Structure on

Economic Growth: An Application of Probabilistic Forecasting in

India”, Researcher explains, Changing India's social infrastructure

variable from its value in 1995-2000 to the level currently observed in

Singapore increases the average rate of economic growth of output

per working age person by about 1 percentage point. Since in this

case there would be bidirectional causality, it would be infeasible to

5

quantify a feedback erect from economic growth to better social

infrastructure. Nevertheless, keeping in mind the possibility of

improving social infrastructure, India's future economic growth might

be faster than our predictions that consider only the change in the age

structure.

4. Arup MITRA * et. al., (2008), “Rural to Urban Migration: A District

Level Analysis for India”, Researcher explains, Based on the recent

census data this paper analyses the district level rural to urban

migration rates among males and females separately. Both the rates

are closely associated irrespective of whether the migrants originate

from the rural areas within the state or outside the state. This would

suggest that women usually migrate as accompanists of the males.

Though many of the relatively poor and backward states actually

show large population mobility, which is primarily in search of a

livelihood, the mobility of male population is also seen to be

prominent in the relatively advanced states like Maharashtra and

Gujarat. Rapid migration of rural females within the boundaries of the

states is, however, evident across most of the regions.

5. A. J. Barakade, (2011), “The Pattern Of Population Density in

Maharashtra (India)”, Research Paper explains, In this paper the

present study reveals the district wise density of population in

Maharashtra State during 1991-2011. Density of population is a better

measure of understanding the variation in the distribution of

population is expressed as number of persons per unit. In this paper

discussed the pattern of spatial distribution of population density.

6. Awate S.J. et. al., “Population Growth in Solapur District of

Maharashtra A Geographical Analysis”, Research paper explains,

The present paper intends the ascertain of the population growth of

Solapur District of Maharashtra for the period of 1901 to 2011.

Population growth is basic parameter in population science. The

population of Solapur District has been increased tremendously since

independence. Among them urban and rural population growth has

been varied according to time and space. So in the present research

paper, the major objective is to understand the population growth in 6

Solapur District. Such type of study represents real situation of

population in Solapur District and helps to planners, population

scientists and research scholars.

7. Abdul Shaban, (2004), “Regional Structure, Growth and Convergence

of income in Maharashtra.”, Research paper studies, This argument

is well illustrated by regional economies of India. Studies have shown

that State economies in India are diverging, and the rate of divergence

has increased in the ‘post-reform’ period. However, the present study,

which analyses the sectoral and aggregate per capita incomes in

Maharashtra suing spatial econometric methods for the period 1993-

94 to 2002-03, shows that opposed to the trend of divergence at inter-

State level, regional economies in Maharashtra are converging,

though with significant differences in the rates of convergence across

various sectors and regions. Marathwada and Vidarbha, with weak

industrial sectors, have been the most underdeveloped regions in the

State over the years. The study also highlights the impact of ‘spatial

spillovers’ on regional patterns of economic development in the State

and its policy implications.

8. B.M. Sule et. al., (2012), “Correlation Between Literacy & Sex Ratio

In Solapur Disttrict of Maharashtra : Ageoraphical Analysis”

Researcher to analyze the knowledge of sex ratio is essential for the

understanding condition of women in society. A decline or low

number of female population in the total population is strongly

suggestive of the neglect of girl children, sex selective abortions and

traditional attitudes of society. Thus, the analysis of literacy and sex

ratio is immense significant. proved that high literacy rate, high sex

ratio. It was observed that the high literacy rate, the sex ratio also

high e.g. North Solapur tahsil.

9. Barry Mirkin, (2010), “Population Levels, Trends and Policies in the

Arab Region: Challenges and Opportunities” Research Paper states,

The Arab Region1, which lies at the crossroads of Europe, Africa and

7

Asia, is the cradle of civilization and the birthplace of the three great

monotheistic religions of the world. The Region benefits from a

number of similarities and opportunities, including a long, rich

history spanning thousands of years, strong cultural traditions,

common language and a large, educated workforce, due in part to

increasing female labour force participation. Furthermore, the Region

sits atop more than half of the world’s oil resources.

10.Bilal SAVAS, (2008), “The Relationship between Population and

Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence From The Central Asian

Economies”, This research paper aims to investigate the causal

relationship between population and per capita economic growth in

the Central Asian Economies (CAEs). Using the ARDL approach to

co integration, we find evidence of a long-run relationship between

population and real per capita income and provide strong support for

the hypothesis that population is driving growth. Overall, the

relationship between population and economic growth is strong and

positive in the CAEs over the period of the analysis.

11.By. Richard E. Bilsborrow et. al.,, (2002), “Migration, Population

Change, And The Rural Environment”, Researcher gives us, since

most migrants to the agricultural frontier are poor, the challenge is to

find ways of combating rural poverty in areas of origin while at the

same time promoting a more sustainable use of the rural environment

in both areas of origin and areas of destination.

12.BARAKADE A.J., (2012), “Growth of Population in Satara District

of Maharashtra”, Research paper present study reveals the tahsil wise

growth of population in Satara district during 1991-2011. The

population of Satara district is constantly changing. These population

changes represent peoples’ adjustment to economic development,

opportunities of employment, development of educational facilities,

immigration and outmigration sources, agricultural development,

8

sugarcane industries concentrated in Karad, Satara and Koregaon

tahsils, advanced technology, social environment and the exercise of

residential preferences when more people move into an area than

move out during study period. Thus changes of in the size of an area’s

population involve natural increase or decrease and net migration. It

is clear the changes in population growth rate will be increasingly

affecting our society. We face to challenge of anticipating these

demographic changes and encouraging social institutions of

education, family, economic, political, health and recreation at all

organizational levels to plan in ways that will maximize the well-

being and satisfaction of the population.

13.Chakraborty et. al., (2008), “Determinants of Declining Child Sex

Ratio in India: An Empirical Investigation”, The paper determines the

interpersonal and spatial trends and socioeconomic determinants of

spatial variations in the relative neglect of girl child in India. Using

fixed effects model of pooled least sequence for the last four

decennial census data across fifteen major states in India. The paper

revealed that higher socio-economic characteristics(female literacy,

female work force participation and economic growth) has not been

translated efficiently in terms of containing the female sustenance

and survival disadvantage. Even the economic growth showed an

inverse relation with the juvenile sex ratio.

14.Carl Haub et. al., (2006), “India’s Population Reality: Reconciling

Change and Tradition” Researcher presents a demographic portrait of

the diverse country of India in the early years of the 21st century and

offers insight into some of the forces driving continued growth. Will

India become the world’s first population “double billionaire?” Such

a development is well within mathematical possibility. That is one of

India’s most compelling future issues.

15.Dr. Sushama Deshmukh, (2012), “Population Growth In India And Its

Impact On Indian Economy”), Researcher discuss the challenges

9

before Indian economy in terms of Population explosion, Poverty,

Unemployment, Rural urban divide and finally conclude India has the

second largest labour force in the world. Projection of labour force is

pre-requisite ensuring optimal utilization of available human

resources. Manpower development is then taken up to provide

adequate labour force, of appropriate skills and quality to different

sectors so that there is rapid socioeconomic development and there is

no mismatch between skills required and skills available. Planning

also attempts to provide enabling environment for employment

generation in public, private and voluntary sectors in urban and rural

areas.

16.Dr. Rajiv Kumar et. al., (2011), Knowledge paper on, “Strategic and

implementation framework for skill envelopment in India”, Exsisting

framework consequently, the adoption of a much more robust

approach is essential for putting in place a quality vocational

education and training framework in the country for improving

qualityin turms of Quality training of faculty with industry

participation, Development of curriculum with focus on IT,

Promotion of PPP model for infrastructure development,

Establishment of robust certification of standard setting mechanism.

17.David E. Bloom et. al., (2007-2008), “Population Health and

Economic Growth”, Researcher explains, Health is a direct source of

human welfare and also an instrument for raising income levels. We

discuss a number of mechanisms through which health can affect

income, focusing on worker productivity, children’s education,

savings and investment, and demographic structure.

18.David E. Bloom, (2011), “Population Dynamics in India and

Implications for Economic Growth” Researcher provides us, In

conclusion, demographics matter to the pace and process of economic

growth and development – in India and elsewhere. While many

factors influence economic growth, few are more important and

reliable than demography. India’s changing demographics are

creating a strong impulse for economic growth, and policymakers

10

have several options for making this potential demographic dividend

a reality.

19.Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division,

(2005), “Population Challenges and Development Goals”,

Population division provides us, The present report has two

objectives. First, it presents a succinct overview of demographic

trends worldwide, for major areas and selected countries. It covers

population size and growth, urbanization and city growth, population

ageing, fertility and contraception, mortality and international

migration. In addition to covering world demographic trends, this

report includes a section on population policies, in which the

concerns and responses of Governments with respect to major trends

are summarized. Second, the report considers the contribution of the

implementation of the Programme of Action of the International

Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), in all its aspects,

to the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals,

including those contained in the United Nations Millennium

Declaration.

20.Dr. Misal S.M.,(2011), “Co-operatives and Rural Development”,

Research Paper – Indian Streams Research Journal / 72, Economics

Vol. 1, Issue II / March 2011, pp. 69-72, India is agricultural based

country and its 70% population stay in rural area. Co-operation is a

dynamic movement for the socio-economic and cultural development

of the people. The cooperatives have strong local linkage in the rural

area. This can be used for expanding the rural all round development.

21.Dr. Prekshi, (2010), “Research Abstracts on Rural Development

(1998–2009)”, Researcher explains the report of development of

women and children in rural areas (DWCRA) in Indian Government.

The intervention of NGOs had a positive impact on functional status

of DWCRA groups. DWCRA’s failure to make a mark on the

development scene was due to problems in conceptualization, design

and implementation. A system should be designed to record the

11

feedback of women regarding functioning of groups and their role,

Gramsevaks, animations and NGOs. The relevance and specific role

of NGOs need to be debated more widely so hat terms and areas of

association between the state and private sectors would be clearer.

22.Dr. C.N. Kokate et. al., (2011), “The Tribal Development In

Maharashtra – A Case Study”, This case study is the constitution of

India provides definite provisions for the uplift and welfare of the

tribal people throughout the country. The levels of socio-economic

development vary considerably between nontribal and tribal

population, between one tribe and another tribe and even among

different sub-groups of a tribal group. The present research work is an

attempt to study the impact of the various government schemes on the

socio-economic development of the tribal population in the state.

23.G. Janaki Ramaiah et. al., (2011), “Decline Child Sex Ratio in India:

Trends, Issues and Concerns” Researcher highlights of 2011 census

as the increasing in child sex ratio that came as a shock in the latest

census figures shows 914 girls, and this is the lowest ever since

Indepedence, slipping from 927 in 2001. The increasing trend has

been seen in Punjab, Hariyana, Himachal Pradesh and Tamilnadu,

Mizoram and Andaman & Nicobar Island while in all, the remaining

27 states and union territories, a rate has shown to decline. It was

highest in Mizoram 971, closely followed by Meghalaya (970).

Therefore defect of girl child population, leads to serious

demographic imbalance and adverse social consequences.

24.Grahame Allen et. al., (2007), “An Economic Introduction To India”,

Researcher provides, India is highly diverse and complex, as reflected

in its ethnic, linguistic, geographic, religious and demographic

features. India is only the second country to achieve a population of

one billion (after China). Its current population totals 1.1 billion. It

accounts for 17% of the earth’s population, and it is its fastest 12

growing nation. The majority of people are Hindu, but there are also

large populations of Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists and Jains.

25.H. Reşit Akçakaya, (2000), “Population Viability Analyses with

Demographically and Spatially Structured Models” Researcher This

paper presents a review of demographically structured (or, frequency-

based) models, in which the individuals in a population are grouped

into distinct classes. Structured models are used when vital rates

(survival, reproduction, dispersal) of individuals depend on their age

or physiological/morphological stage. Variation in these rates

(environmental stochasticity) and the effect of abundance (density

dependence) are important factors that determine population viability.

26.Himanshu et. al., (2011), “India and an Indian village: 50 years of

economic development in Palanpur.”, Researcher studied a two

studies to find out the economic survey of villages he founds that a

village of a little over 1000 people can help understand the economy

of a country one million times as large and the changing nature of the

country is fundamental to understanding. The work to include issues

such as credit market, social and political relations, environment and

gender. It is only half a year since the team that collected the data left

the village.

27.I. PEN* et. al., (1999), “Sexual Selection and the Sex Ratio: An ESS

Analysis”, The researcher studied Sexual selection driven by female

mate choice is held responsible for much male extravaganza such as

conspicuous ornaments and elaborate courtship displays Female

choosiness itself is favored by selection if it confers a net fitness

benefit to females. Those benefits are usually classified as either

direct or indirect benefits. Direct benefits of choosiness are

improvements of a female’s own reproductive success, due to, for

example, preferred males having better territories or providing more

parental care. Here they show that in populations with non-

13

overlapping generations and symmetric genetics the average

reproductive value of females equals the average reproductive value

of males.

28. Indian Government, (2001), “Sex composition of the human

population”, Census of India 2001, Series 1, India, Paper 1 of 2001, It

is people oriented chapter discus Sex composition of the human

population is one of the basic demographic characteristics, which is

extremely vital for any meaningful demographic analysis. Indian

Census has the tradition of bringing out disaggregated information by

sex on various aspects of population. The first and foremost is the

simple count of males and females. Changes in sex composition

largely reflects the underlying socio-economic and cultural patterns of

a society in different ways. Sex ratio defined here as the number of

females per 1000 males in the population, is an important social

indicator to measure the extent of prevailing equity between males

and females in a society at a given point of time. It is mainly the

outcome of the interplay of sex differentials in mortality, sex selective

migration, sex ratio at birth and at times the sex differential in

population enumeration.

29.Joel E. Cohen, (1995), “Population Growth and Earth’s Human

Carrying Capacity.” Researcher studied Earth’s capacity to support

people to determine by both natural constraints and by human choices

concerning economics, environment, culture and demography.

Human carrying capacity is therefore dynamic and uncertain, human

choice is not captured by ecological notations of carrying capacity

that are appropriate for nonhuman populations. Simple mathematical

models of the relation between human population growth and human

carrying can account for faster than exponential population growth.

14

30.James McCarthy, (2005), “Progress in Human Geography”,

Researcher identifies Recent developments, empirical and theoretical,

call into question the geographic concentration concentrations of rural

geography. This review is written in a world in which, for the first

time ever, the urban population exceeds the rural. This review will

focus on a single important theme in recent rural geography, that of

'multifunctionality' in rural landscapes. Landscapes typically produce

a range of commodity and non-commodity use values simultaneously

and that policy ought to recognize and protect that entire range of

values, has received substantial attention in the field in recent years.

31.James F. X. Egan1*, Winston A. Campbell1, Audrey Chapman,

Alireza A. Shamshirsaz1, Padmalatha Gurram1 and Peter A. Benn,

(2011), “Distortions of sex ratios at birth in the United States;

evidence for prenatal gender selection” researcher explain the normal

male to female live birth sex ratio ranges from 1.03 to 1.07. Higher

ratios in China, India and Korea reflect prenatal sex selection. We

reviewed sex ratios for US births to investigate potential prenatal sex

selection. Researcher studied and review The male to female live

birth sex ratio in the United States exceeded expected biological

variation for third+ births to Chinese, Asian Indians and Koreans

strongly suggesting prenatal sex selection

32.Jose Pineda et. al., (2010), “Curse or Blessing? Natural Resources and

Human Development”, Researcher provides, These results contribute

to a broader discussion of development by indicating that the positive

effect of natural resource abundance is clearer for human

development than for GDP growth, mainly through the education and

health dimensions.

15

33.Jean Dreze et. al., (1999), “Fertility, Education and Development:

Further Evidence from India”, There has been a significant decline in

fertility in many parts of India since the early 1980s. This paper

reexamines the determinants of fertility levels and fertility decline,

using panel data on Indian districts for 1981 and 1991. We find that

women's education is the most important factor explaining fertility

differences across the country and over time. Low levels of child

mortality and son preference also contribute to lower fertility. By

contrast, general indicators of modernization and development such

as urbanization, poverty reduction and male literacy bear no

significant association with fertility. En passant, we probe a subject of

much confusion - the relation between fertility declines on gender

bias.

34.Kadi A.S et. al., (2012) “Problems Of Urbanization in Developing

Countries: A Case Study In India”, Researcher explains the present

paper deals with problems faced by Indian citizens due to

urbanization. The technological and industrial boom has brought

enormous problems to urban citizens causing degradation of the

environment. Number of slums has increased in metropolitan cities.

Acute shortage of space for housing, lack of sewage treatment

facilities, polluted water and transport constraints are serious

concerns of the urban population. Poor sanitation and contaminated

drinking water arising from human activity and natural phenomena

create serious problems on human health.

35.Lee F. G. et. al., (2011), “Occupation, body size and sex ratio of

round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) in established and newly

invaded areas of an Ontario river” Paper on Invasive species

represent a challenge because the particular characteristics of a

16

species’ invasion are often unknown before the invasion. To provide

some clarity as to how invasive species demographic structure might

change as a population advances its range, we compared the

proportion of occupied sites, size structure and sex ratio of round

gobies in the area where they first invaded with more recently

invaded areas at the extent of their range in a river in south-eastern

Ontario. They also observations in this study, round gobies appear to

successfully expand their range through mechanisms that parallel

those used by other invasive populations, which makes the round

goby a good candidate to test both empirical and theoretical

hypotheses about species’ invasions.

36.Mr. Mali S.R. et. al., (2012), “Spatial Pattern of Sex Ratio In India :

A Geographical Perspective”, Researcher described the number of

females per every 1000 males in a given place. It, again, is

recalculated based on the age groups like 0 years to 6 years or 6 years

and above. The number of females in the age group of 0 years to 6

years is termed as child sex ratio. Sex composition is a subject of

great interest to the demographers, regional planners, sociologists,

economists and geographers too. Sex ratio is an index of socio

economic conditions of an area. It is an important tool a of regional

analysis.

37.Mariapia Mendola, (2006), “Rural out-migration and economic

development at origin, What do we know?”, Researcher explains

Migration is a complex phenomenon and given the new challenges

posed by a ‘globalised’ and rapidly changing world, drawing lessons

from the mass migration of the past century is not an easy task either.

One lesson we can draw from the existing migration literature is that

a major feature of the current ‘mass migration’ process -besides the

creation of high barriers to it - is its strong linkage to countries of

17

origin. This motivates further research aiming at a better

understanding of the migration-development nexus, both when

migrants intend to go back home and when they deepen their

integration in the host country.

38.Monica Das Gupta et. al., (2011), “Population, Poverty, and

Sustainable Development A Review of the Evidence”, This paper

reviews the literature on three themes: (a) Does high fertility affect

low-income countries’ prospects for economic growth and poverty

reduction? (b) Does population growth exacerbate pressure on natural

resources? and (c) Are family planning programs effective at

lowering fertility, and should they be publicly funded?

39.Prin. Dr. K. H. Shinde et. al., (2011), “Study Of Population And

Some Resources In The Drought Prone Region Of Maharashtra”

Drought has been major problem in India as well as Maharashtra. It is

an unpredictable climatic condition and occurs due to failure of one

or more monsoons. Drought prone region of Maharashtra faces the

various problems i.e. low agricultural productivity, agricultural

instability, drinking water, migration, farmer suicide etc. This is a

result of erratic rainfall and lack of sufficient irrigation facilities. The

Maharashtra state and Government of India have made many efforts

to overcome the problems created by the drought.

40.Patrick M. Wright et. al., (2003), “The impact of HR practices on the

performance of business units.” Researcher examines the impact of

HR practices and organisational commitment on the operating

performance and portability of business units. Using a predictive

design with a sample of 50 autonomous business units within the

same corporation, the article reveals that both organisational

commitment and HR practices are significantly related to operational

measures of performance, as well as operating expenses and pre-tax

profits. The results of this study support the notion that businesses

18

which manage employees with more progressive HR practices can

expect to see higher operational performance as a result.

41.Priya Deshingkar et. al., (2009), “Migration and Human Development

in India”, Researcher explains, Without such recognition and action

large parts of the population will continue to be excluded and this will

compromise India’s prospects for poverty reduction and reaching the

Millennium Development Goals.

42.Philip Martin, (2009), “Demographic and Economic Trends:

Implications for International Mobility”, Researcher explains,

Receiving areas can benefit economically and culturally from the

contributions of migrants, and migrant-areas-of-organ can benefit

from remittances that reduce poverty and provide a new impetus for

development. However, there are likely to be yawning gaps between

the rights and protections laid out in international conventions and the

realities faced by many migrants.

43.Pham Thi Ngoc Trang et. al., (2011), “Effects of Population Growth

on Economic Growth in Asian Developing Countries”, Publisher :

Johan Linden, In sumary, this paper researches the impact of

population growth in economic growth, specifically GDP per capita,

of Asian Developing countries. By doing the multiple regression

tests, we can conclude that higher population growth will lower the

GDP per capita as well as pull the economy in these countries down.

Furthermore, we can predict that in the near future, the population

growth in Asian Developing countries will decline, along with a rise

in the level of output per worker. Consequently, the economic

development in these countries will be improved.

44.Paris, (2007), “Urban Population, Development and Environment

Dynamics” Researcher, theoretically, urban areas present

considerable advantages in economic, social, demographic and

environmental terms. In a globalized economy, cities are better able

to take advantage of emerging opportunities and thus better able than

19

rural areas to improve the social or health situation for large numbers

of people. Urbanization may help to retard rural environmental

degradation, by serving as an outlet for rural migration. Urbanization

also promotes the empowerment of women, while changing

aspirations and lifestyles that accelerate fertility decline.

45.P. Parthasarathy Rao et. al., (2004), “Agricultural Diversification in

India and Role of Urbanization”, Researcher explains, Indian

agriculture is diversifying during the last two decades towards High-

Value Commodities (HVCs) i.e., fruits, vegetables, milk, meat, and

fish products. This paper, focus is on diversification towards HVCs in

the context of urbanization. Since urban population is growing at

more than 3% per annum, demand for HVCs will drive their

production. The analysis has also brought out regional variations in

HVCs across different districts in the country that has implications on

regional development and planning, and consequently on public and

private sector investment strategies.

46.R. Raghuttama Rao et. al., (2011), “Human Resource and Skill

Requirements in the Education and Skill Development Services

Sector- Study on mapping of human resource skill gaps in India till

2022” A report Given this context and the discussions in the earlier

sections, it is required that technology and other innovative means of

teaching content/training delivery be adopted. Even with these factors

in mind, and considering the formal Education and Skill

Development/Vocational Training Sector alone12, we expect that the

demand for teachers and trainers would continue to the extent of

training 415,000 teachers and trainers annually

47.Shareen Joshi et. al., (2009), “Population Dynamics and Economic

Development: Filling the Research Gaps”, Researcher widely

acknowledged that improvements in reproductive health can affect

economic growth and poverty reduction through many pathways. At

20

the macro-level, these changes can have an impact on GDP growth

rates, population growth rates, age-distributions, poverty rates, and

distribution of income and in some cases, the spatial distribution of

populations.

48.Timothy Kiessling et. al., (2005), “Strategic global human resource

management research in the twenty-first century: an endorsement of

the mixed-method research methodology”, Researcher provide, depth

and flexibility needed to explore the SGHRM issues. Mixed methods

are a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches that

maintain methodological rigors as well as measures for reliability and

validity. This paper explores the current methods, the reasons for their

lack of success in portraying the depth of the phenomena and why the

mixed methods approach appears to be a superior method for research

for the SGHRM field. Multiplicity of network units, Global network

instability, Discontinuities in internal organizational support, Multi-

dimensionality of strategic human resource leadership task, Multi-

skill leadership demands for global network human resource

management.

49.Terry Cannon*, (2008), “Reducing People’s Vulnerability to Natural

Hazards -Communities and Resilience”, Researcher extract the

concepts vulnerability, resilience and community are widely used and

abused in the literature on natural hazards and disaster risk reduction.

This paper seeks to bring greater rigors in their use. In particular,

vulnerability must be understood as a set of socioeconomic conditions

that are identifiable in relation to particular hazard risks, and therefore

perform a predictive role that can assist in risk reduction. Resilience

is often confused as a concept, sometimes seen as the inverse of

vulnerability, and by others as an independent quality. These

21

confusions may be especially relevant in the context of §policy for

disaster risk reduction at the scale of community. Here there is often

an idealized notion of community as undifferentiated and

unproblematic.

22

HYPOTHESES

Development of the any area is depend upon the quality of human

resource.

23

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The entire work is mostly depend upon the secondary data source and

the required relevant information will be collected through personal

interviews as primary data if necessary.

The required secondary data will be collected from the District

Census, Handbooks, District statistical abstract, Tahsildar offices, Govt.

Statistical Reports, information through internet, magazines, documents and

e-books.

The collected data will be processed, stabilized and presented through

proper cartographic techniques. E.g. Graphs, Maps, Pie charts etc. in the

study of structure of population and the statistical models will be utilized.

24

SCOPE OF STUDY

This geographical study on Human Resource Development of Sangli

District will focus on all the parameters of demographic characteristics of

population such as Distribution, Density, Migration, Growth Rate,

Population structure – Age and Sex, Literacy, Occupational, Worker-Non-

worker etc.

This study will be useful to understand the quality of population and

human resource development in Sangli district.

The development of quality of population causes the human resource

evolution. The direct investments of human resources are farming, animal

husbandry, mining, fishing and building construction are the natural sources

of work in the Sangli district. About 74% of the population is residing in

villages which are rural in nature.

Indirect human resource development in the district is provided through

various educational systems. The development of sugar factories in co-

operative and private sector along with the separate industrial sector through

M.I.D.C. in the district helps for H.R.D. and overall development of the

district.

Considering the huge population load in various agriculture sectors,

various irrigation projects undertaken by the Government of Maharashtra

for agriculture development, developing Industrial sector in the district will

definitely accept the H.R.D. of the district in future.

This study guides us to meet the need of man power, replacement of

man power and to provide a quality developed society in future.

25

STUDY REGION

Sangli district is located in the southern part of Maharashtr and

administratively it is part of western Maharashtra. The district is extended

from 160 45’ N to 170 22’ N latitude and 730 42’ E to 720 40’ E longitude.

Maximum East and West extension is 205 Km’s. In North-South has

varying length 96 Km’s. Total area of district is 8578 Sq. Km’s. Height

above the sea-level is 553 m. According to Sangli district census 2011,

population is 2,820,575 and density of Population of the district is 329

inhabitants per Sq. Kilometer.

Sangli district is bounded by Satara and Solapur district to the North.

Bijapur district, Karanataka to the East. Kolthapur and Belgaon of

Karanataka to the South and Ratanagari district to the west.

The Sangli district comprises in ten tahsils administratively. This

district includes total 724 villages and 8 urban centers.

Physiographically the district has various landforms like hill ranges

mostly in Shirala, Kadegaon and Khanapur tahsils and the plateau region at

eastern part of the district. The Krishna river basin is a most fertile area of

the district, which is categorized in plane region. Generally the climate of

Sangli district is hot and dry. The western hilly regions receives more rain

fall at Shirala and Walva tahsil. But most of the Eastern part of Jath, Atpadi,

Khanapur, Khavate-Mahankal tahsils remains drought porne due to lack of

rainfall.

26

RESEARCH DESIGN

The Proposed research work will be in the following manner

Topic 1 : Introduction title, significance of studies, objectives, database and methodology, research design (chapter schema)

Topic 2 : Introduction to the study region Sangli district location and administrative division’s physiographic, climate, vegetation, Agriculture, Industry and Population.

Topic 3 : The growth and distribution of population.

Topic 4 : Demographic changes in population.

Topic 5 : Population Structure and changes.

Topic 6 : Scenario of Human Resource Development and emerged problem.

Topic 7 : Findings and Recommendations

Topic 8 : Bibliography

WORK PLAN27

The Plan for completation of research work is as follows:

1st Six months : Collecting reviews, Completation of Synopsis and understood the subject.

2nd Six months : Data collection and processing

3rd Six months : Representation of data with proper cartographic

techniques and analysis

4th Six months : Final draft of the thesis

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYE

28

The main objective of this study is as fallows:

1. To study the growth and distribution of population since 1971

census year of Sangli district.

2. To analyze influencing factors of density population.

3. To study the demographic characteristic of population.

4. To study the structure of population.

5. To assess the Human Resources Development of the district

with emerged problems.

REFRANCES:

29

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13 Chakraborty and others, (2008), “Determinants of Declining Child Sex Ratio in India: An Empirical Investigation”, Online at http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7602/ MPRA Paper No. 7602, posted 10. March 2008 pp. 1-22

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32

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35 Lee F. G. Gutowsky and others, (2011), “Occupation, body size and sex ratio of round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) in established and newly invaded areas of an Ontario river” Primary research paper, pp. 27-37.

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38 Monica Das Gupta, John Bongaarts, John Cleland “Population, Poverty, and Sustainable Development A Review of the Evidence”, Development Research Group, Human Development and Public Services Team WPS 5719 Public.

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33

March 2011, pp. 145-150.40 Patrick M. Wright and others, “The impact of HR practices on the

performance of business units.” Human Resource Management Journal, Vol. 13 No 3, 2003, pp. 21-36.

41 Priya Deshingkar and and Shaheen Akter, (2009), “Migration and Human Development in India”, Human Development Research Paper 2009/13. United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports Research Paper Series.

42 Philip Martin, (2009), “Demographic and Economic Trends: Implications for International Mobility”, Human Development Research Paper 2009/17. United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports Research Paper Series.

43 Pham Thi Ngoc Trang , Tran Hoang Hieu, (2011), “Effects of Population Growth on Economic Growth in Asian Developing Countries”, Publisher : Johan Linden

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45 P. Parthasarathy Rao, P.S. Birthal, P.K. Joshi and D. Kar, (2004), “Agricultural Diversification in India and Role of Urbanization”, MTID Discussion Paper No. 77 Online at: http://www. ifpri.org

46 R. Raghuttama Rao and others, (2011), “Human Resource and Skill Requirements in the Education and Skill Development Services Sector- Study on mapping of human resource skill gaps in India till 2022” A Report, National Skill Development Corporation, India, Online available at http://nsdcindia.org

47 Shareen Joshi, Rachel Nugent, and Meghan Cagley, (2009), “Population Dynamics and Economic Development: Filling the Research Gaps”, Center for Global Development and Population Reference Bureau.

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34

Paper No. 2008/34.

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1) Ankita Gandhi et.al. , (2011), Indian Human Development Report 2011, “Toward Social Inclusion”, Published In India, By Oxford UniversityPress, New Delhi.

2) Ashish Bose ,(2002), Population of India 20013) S.yeer. meJeoerS heer.Sme. keâesUskeâj,

(2008)YeÒieesueeÛeer cetueleòJes Keb[ otmeje,

efvejeueer ØekeâeMeve, hegCes. 4) Yeejle 2011 (2011), ØekeâeMekeâ: Dehej

cenefveoxMekeâ (ØeYeejer) ØekeâeMeve, megÛevee 35

Deewj ØemeejCe ceb$eeueÙe Yeejle mejkeâej, veF& efouueer.

5) Dr. K.K.Sharma, (2004), “SANDARBA MAHARASHTRA”, State and District at a Glance., Intiluctual Book Bureao Bhopal, Vol. I, Vol. II.

6) [e@. kesâ.kesâ. Mecee&, (2005), ceneje°^jepÙe Je efpeuns Skeâ °erkeâesCe Keb[ 1 les 5 FbšsueskeäÛegDeue yegkeâ yÙegjes, YeesheeU.

7) Govt. of Maharashtra ,(2002), “Human Development Report 2002”.8) J.K. Banthia, Director of Census Operation, Maharashtra.(All editions

of) Census of India , District Census Hand Book(Sangli).9) J. Clarck. Population Geography. 10) Pradeep Sharma, (2007), “Human Geography People”, Discovery

Publishing House, New Delhi.11) P. K. Chaubey, (2001), “Population Policy of India”, Kanishka

Publishers, Distributors, New Delhi.12) Øee.DeefnjjeJe DeeefCe F.

(1995)ueeskeâmebKÙee(ÛeewLeer DeeJe=òeer 1995) 13) Ruddar Datt., (2002), “Human Development and Economic

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in India, Vani Prakashan, New Delhi.15) meew.keâeefveškeâj Je meew. kegâuekeâCeea.

ueeskeâmebKÙee MeeŒe,

WEBSITE REFRANCE

1. http://www.Shodhgangotri.ac.in

2. http://www.shodhgangotri.infilbent.ac.in

3. http://www.cencusindia.gov.in

4. http://www.cencusindia.net

5. http://www.maharashtra.gov.in

36

Research Scholar Research GuideProf. Devkate Dnyanoba Babaso Dr. Khotavale Subhash Shivappa.

37