Technology Review

lIL 1960

l --'p""aliii

e..e....2...5"'-- _

TRANSISTORSOIOOESRECTIfIERSSWITCHES

REGULATORSREfERENCESENCAPSULATIONSTHERMOElECTRICS

... tile or toothpaste

. . . batteries orbriquets

. .. lp's or linoleum

Better Products begin vvith CABOT!

When it comes to the wisest, most economical selection of raw

materials, you'd be surprised howoften Cabot can help .. , how

much Cabot can help to make your product perform better, last

longer, and earn more profit.

WHICH OF T·HESE CABOT MATERIALS CAN HELP YOUR PRODUCT?

ABOT CARBO~ BLACKS ... more than 50 different gradesof channel, furnace and thermal blacks for use by the rubber, print-ing ink, paint, varnish, lacquer, enamel, plastics, paper, phono-graph record, battery and other industries.

CAB-O-LITE e (wollastonite) ... as a paint pigment, thisversatile, uniform calcium metasilicate has more desirable propertiesthan other extenders used singlyor in combination. Excellent foralltypes of pain~, and for quality improvement ofall types of ceramics.

CAB-O-SILe ... this unique airborne silica, in extremely smallquantities, greatly irf1@rovesa host of products. Remarkable for itsunusual combination of properties,it's equally effectiveas a thixo-

APRIL, 1960

tropic, thickening, gelling, suspending, flatting, reinforcing, ami-caking and anti-slip agent. Used in plastics, lubricating oils,greases, paints, varnishes, lacquers, rubber, sulfur, insecticides,pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, many other products.

PTe PINE TAR PRODUCTS ... these versatile quality con-trolled materials improve the performance of a wide variety ofproducts, including: rubber, paint, cordage, oakum and insecticides.

For complete information, phone or write:

GODFREY L.CABOT, INC.125 HIGH STREET, BOSTON 10. MASSACHUSETTS

2

lIt"" Ctt9ittttl'itt98"ItJ/)nfllMcGraw-Hill

INTRODUCTION TO RANDOM SIGNALS AND NOISEBy Wilbur B. Davenport, Jr. and William L. Root, Massachusetta Institute of Technology.Lincoltl Labora-

tor" Publications. 393 pages,$11.00.

An introduction to the tatistical theory underlying a study of signals and noi es in communications systems.Empha is is placed on technique a well as result. Parts of probability theory "and the modern theory of ran-dom processes are developed in a way suitahle for an engineering reader. This material is applied to give acoherent treatment of many basic communications engineering noise prohlems. The chief departure in treat-ment i the replacing of variousad hoc methods of treating random signals and noise hy aconsistent set ofmethods from the theory of random processes.

AN INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICAL COMMUNICATION THEORYBy David Middleton. McGraw·Hill Internationai Series in Pure and Appli~d Physics.1140 pages,$25.00

Covers important mathematical aspects of large-scale, complex automatic control system . Discusses feedbacktheory; matrix methods; numerical analysis; linear integral equations; basic statistical theory; systemsanalyses in phase space; analy i of sampled-data systems; and much more.

INFORMATION TRANSMISSION, MODULATION AND NOISE

A Unified Approach to Communication SystemsBy Mischa Schwartz, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn.McGraw·Hill Electricai and Electronic Engineering

eries. Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute Series.454 pages, $11.00.

A senior or first-year graduate level text which stresses the basic unity inherent in modern information trans-mi sian of information-nan-zero time response or finite bandwidth and noise. The significance of these twolimitations is explored in a representative group of modulation systems. There are approximately 250 prob-lems ranging from simple numerical exercises to detailed step-by-step problems which extend the material inthe text. .

MISSILE AERODYNAMICSBy Jack N. Nielsen, VIDYA, Inc.McGraw-Hill Series in Missile and Space Technology.450 pages, $12.50

This volume presents a rational and connected account of principles of missile aerodynamics. It treats thesubjects of bodies, wings, and tails and the interactions between them which are particularly important formi siles. Various methods are presented for determining the airflow about missiles, including the vorticeswhich are frequently very prominent in the flow.

GAS PURIFICATIONBy Arthur L. Kohl and Fred C. Riesenfeld, both of the Fluor Corporation, Ltd.McGraw·Hill Series in Chem-

ical Engineering. 556 pages,$15.00 .

This book provides a practical engineering description of techniques and processes which are widespread inu e. Subject matter is limited to the removal from gas streams of gas-phase impurities which are presentinrelatively minor proportions. Space has been allocated on the hasis of apparent importance to industrywithgreatest stress on those processes which are common to more than one field.

r---------------------------------------------------------------------------------To McGraw-Hili Book Co., Inc. -

Dept. 01-03330 West 42nd StreetNew York 36, N. Y.

TROI-03

On approval, please send me the books checked below for examination.

o My remittance of $.........•.. is enclosed. (No delivery charge when remittance accompanies order).o Please send me an invoice for the books plus postage.

I reserve the rightto return books for full credit. (Return address: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., Hightstown, NewJersey) .

o Davenport and Root-INTRODUCTION TO RANDOM SIGNALS AND NOISE, 393 pages,$11.00o Middleton-AN INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICAL COMMUNICATION THEORY, 1140 pages, $25.00o Schwartz-INFORMATION TRANSMISSION, MODULATION, AND NOISE,454 pages, $11.00o Nielsen-MISSILE AERODYNAMICS, 450 pages, ]2.50o Kohl and Riesenfeld-GAS PURIFICATION, 556 pages, $15.00

~-------------------------------------------------~-------------------------------THE TECHNOLOGY REVIEW

Volume 62, Number 6

Technology Re~i~~

Edited at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology April, 1960

The COVeT

IFeedback

Recommended Reading

FROMW. D. WOLFE,'27:After several readings of Dr. Wiener's"The Duty of the Intellectual" in theFebruary, 1960, Technology Review, I'mimpelled to write some sort of approvalof this remarkable article. I think it'sropst It should be made required readingand study for budding intellectuals. Hailtd Dr. Wiener's incisive candor! .

Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio

A Problem Deflector

FROMB. C. OELHEIM,'46:I was excited when reading the article oneducation in: the last issue to reach me,and have shown it to our two teachersfrom England who are teaching about 20American children in seven of the firsteight grades in one room.

We are a group of about 200 Americanssituated in a small Spanish community.We are learning to live with our mostcourteous hosts and for all of us it is aworthwhile experience we shall neverforget.

An idea which I pass along to you issuggested by a weather-vane type winddeflector which I have-rplaced on top ofour chimney, and which permits us touse our fireplace, today, in a very highwind. (Without the deflector we wouldhave hot ashes blown all 'over our livingroorn.) I wish that all of us might employa similar deflector for all of our problemsin life and accept each Dew problem asan incentive to our thinking and as achallenge to our inventive genius. Whycan't we use all of our atomic wastematerial just as fast as it accumulates?

US. Naval Activities,Cartagena, SPain.

Helpful to, a School

FROMMRS.CUI IGNON:Today, as in the past, this library wouldlike to express its wholehearted appreci-ation of your publication. The Technol-ogy Review serves as a most valuableand constantly used reference source forthe students and faculty, both during theregular academic year, and also duringthe summer session for advanced sciencecourses.The Thacher SchoolOjai, Ventura County, Calif.

APRIL, 1960.

EIlITOR:Volta Torrey; BU[NESSMANAGER:R. T. Jope,'28; CIRCULATIONMANAGER:D. P.Severance.Bs: EDITORIALASSOCIATES:J.J.Rowlands, Francis E. Wylie, John I. Mat-till; EDITORIAl.STAFF:Ruth King, Diana deFilippi; BUSINESSSTAFF:Madeline R. Me-Connick, Louise E. Ryan; PUBLISHER:H. E. Lobdell:l7.

The Technology Review is publisbed monthly fromNovember to July inclusivel on the 27th day ofthe month preceding the nate of issue, by theAlumni Association of M.I.T.; Edward J. Hanley,'24, President· H. E. Lobdell,'17, Executive Vice-president; William W. Garth, Jr.,'36, William L.Taggart, Jr.,'27, Vice-presidents; Donald P.Sev-erance,'38, Secretary-Treasurer.

Copyrighted, 1960, by the Alumni Association ofM.LT.

Editorial and business offices are in Room 1-281,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge39, Mass. The Review is published at HildrethPress, Inc., Emmett Street, Bristol, Conn.

An annual subscription in the U.S. is $4.00; inCanada and elsewhere, $4.50; a single copy, 60cents. Three weeks must be allowed to effect achange of address, for which both the old and thenew address should be given.

Entered as second-classmatter December 23, 1949,at the Post Office, at Bristol, Conn., under theAct of March 3, 1879. Accepted for mailing atspecial postage rates provided for in Section 538,P. L. & R. Act of February 28, 1925.

This Month

The picture on the cover was providedby the Boston Museum of FineArts.How the suspicions that it was a for-gery were verified by an electron mi-crobeam probe is related in the articleon page 25.

Individuals Noteworthy 4Personal news of especial interest tothe Alumni of M.LT.

The Trend of Affairs 17Another Compton Lecture seriesis an-nounced, 1960 class reunions arelisted, and other items reported.

The Morale of Freshmen 22John I. Mattill summarizes findings ina psychological study of the Class of1961 during its first year.

The Story Behind Polaris 24A brief report on Alumni in the M.I,T.Instrumentation Laboratory.

The Lady Is a Phony 25How a graduate student's work aidedthe Boston Museum of Fine Arts.

Factors in Scientific Strength 29An excerpt from the talk given in Aus-tralia by James R. Killian, Jr., '26,Chairman of the Corporation.

Antibodies Seen With Electrons 32The electron microscope produces pic-tures of important molecules.

Tomorrow's Hot Ashes 33Rolf Eliassen, '32, explains the dis-posal of radioactive wastes.

Elements of Instruments 36Professor Kurt S. Lion describes aneducational opportunity.

Institute Yesteryears 38Items that were news25, 50, 75,and99' years ago at M.LT.

Books 42

3

Individuals oteworthy

7th Webster Professor

ERNST A. GUILLEMI , '24, wasdesignated this spring to be theseventh Webster Professor of Elec-trical Engineering at M.I.T.

The Webster Professorship wasestablished by a $400,000 grant tothe Institute from the Edwin SibleyWebster Foundation, and was thefirst endowed chair in the Depart-ment of Electrical Engineering.Mr. Webster, '88, was the 16thPresident of the Alumni Associa-tion, and long an active memberof the M.I.T. Corporation.

Professor Guillemin came toM.LT. from the University of Wis-consin, and later received hisdoctorate from the University ofMunich. He was an assistant andinstructor in the Electrical Engi-neering Department before becom-ing an assistant professor in 1928,an associate professor in 1936, andprofessor of electrical communica-tions in 1944. He was a generalconsultant to the Radiation Labo-ratory from 1940 to I 945. He is aFellow of the American Institute ofElectrical Engineers, and theauthor of Iruroductory Circuit'Theory (John Wiley and Sons, Inc.,1953).

New Posts

TAMED in the news recently werethe Alumni whose elections, pro-motions, and appointments are re-corded below:

George W. Ouslev, '16, as As-sistant to the President, EdwinL.Wiegand Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.... Robert E. Wilson, '16, as aMember of the United StatesAtomic Energy Commission ...John ]. Healy, t-; '21, as Vice-president, merican Institute ofChemical Engineers;

Howard E. Whitaker, '24, asPresident, American Paper and ~Pulp Association ... Duncan A.Craiojord, '26, as President, AtlantaGas Light Company . ; .Elton E.Staples,'26, as President, Hevi-DutyElectric Company, division of BasicProducts Corporation ... C.Wes-

4

Ernst A. Guillemin, '24

ley Meytrott, '27, as President,the Adelphi Academy of Brooklyn;

By the General Electric Com-pany: Harland P. Sisk, '27, as PlantManager, Holyoke, Mass. . . .]. Herbert Hollomon, '40,as Head,General Engineering Laboratory. . . JamesE. S. Warden, '40,asManager of Operation, West Mil-ton Site Facilities, Knolls AtomicPower Laboratory ... Donald D.Scarff, '41, as General Manager,Large Lamp Department . . .Ber-nard F. Cassidy, '52, as Manager,DIG Power Plant Engineering-Electrical;

Mvron T. Smith, '30, as Directorof Sales, General Radio Company... Thomas W. Hafer,'35, andEdmond P. Di Giarmantonio, '40,respectively, as Manager-CorporateManufacturing Engineering, and asMarketing Manager, Submarine

ignal Operations, Raytheon Com-pany;

Morton M. Jenkins, '35, as As-sistant to the Manager of SteelSales, A. M. Byers Company . . .William J. Suchors, '35, as Coordi-nating Director, Engineering andProduct Planning, Remington RandUnivac Division, Sperry Rand Cor-poration ... William M. Creasy,'36, as Manager, the New York

Division, The Lummus Company;James McCormack,'37, as a Di-

rector, Bulova Watch Company,Inc .. _ . Robert R. Wagstaff, '37,as Engineering Vice-president andDirector, U ni ted Engineers & Con-structors, Inc., Philadelphia. . .August B. Hunicke, '39, as Direc-tor of Engineering, Cramer Con-trols Corporation . _ .Harlow].Reed, '39, as Vice-president for En-gineering, Olin Mathieson Chemi-cal Corporation;

Richard L. Pope, '40, John G.Holmes, '47, and William W. neu.man, '51, respectively, as Manager,Marketing Research Division, aManager, Central Sales Region, andas Plant Manager, Niagara Plant,Union Carbide Metals Company;

Herman A. Affel, Jr.,'41, as Cen-eral Manager, Computer Division,Philco Corporation . . .Robert T.Luedernan, '41, as Chief Engineer,Materials, Weston Instruments Di-vision, Daystrom, Inc .... JamesD. McNitt, '41, as Executive Vice-president, Bristol Laboratories;

CharlesA. Hathaway, '43, as As-sistant General Manager, Air Impel-ler Division, Torrington Manufac-turing Company . . . John M.Wate1's,'44, as Director of Adminis-trative Services, Plax Corporation,Hartford, Conn. . .", David W.Broum, '48; as Manager of Euro-pean Operations, Blackhawk, S.A.;

GeorgeF. Clifford, '48, as Managel', Spinco Division, Beckman In-,struments, Inc., Palo Alto, Calif

J. • : Sidney Lees,'48, as Presidentand 'Technical Director, Instrument Research, Inc., ,Washington.D.C. . . . Harold G. Ingraham,Jr., '49, as Assistant Actuary, Ordinary, Massachusetts Mutual Lift'Insurance Company; "-

Robert M. White, '49, as Associ-ate Director of Research, TheTravelers Weather Research Cen-ter, Hartford . . . Daniel L. Mc-Guinness,[r., '50; as Vice-president.Proportioneers, Inc., division ofB-I-F Industries, Inc., Providence,R.I. ; . . Ralph Is. Quinlan, '50,as Development Manager, Good-year Tire & Rubber Company.Windsor, Vt.:

Kenneth W. Gardiner, '53, asChief Research Chemist, Consoli-dated Electrodynamics Corporation,subsidiary of Bell & Howell Com-pany ... Richard J. Wengra], '53,as Resident City Planner, ew Bed-ford, Mass.

(Continued on page6)

THE TECHNOLOGY REVIEW

• •. a hand in things to come

Creating a strange world of cold

The coldest natural temperature ever recorded-IOO degreesbelow zero :""-occurredin the Antarctic. But the people of Union Carbide areproducing temperatures all the way down to minus 450 degrees ... approach-ing absolute zero!

')

Startling things are being done atthis unearthly cold tempera-ture. Many types of living tissue are being preserved, and research is now wellunder way in freezing whole blood. Certain metals become perfect conductorsof electricity -a rare quality which may bring greater efficiency to electronicequipment. And, fOJ;over fifty years, Union Carbide has used these ultra-lowtemperatures toturn air into liquid ... then extract oxygen, argon, nitrogenand other atmospheric' gases in their pure form. They are produced on amammoth scale to meet the great demand from industry.

) ,

Working with such extreme cold is still a young science knownas cryogenics.It is only one of many areas in which the people of UnionCarbide are striving to make tomorrow a b~tter world.

APRIL, 1960

Learn about the exciting work goingon now in gases, carbons, chemicals,

metals, plastics, and nuclear energy.Write for:' Products and Processes"Booklet K, Union Carbide Corpo-ration, 30 East 42ndsc; New York17,N. Y. In Canada, Union Carbide

Canada Limited, Toronto.

... a handin things to oorrre

'5

L:INCOLN

LABORATORY

invites inquiries from persons

with superior qualifications.

SOLID STATE Physics, Chemistry, and Metallurgy

RADIO PHYSICS and ASTRONOMV

NEW RADAR TECHNIQUES

COMMUNICATIONS:

Techniques

Psychology

Theory

INFORMATION PROCESSING

SVSTEMS:

space Surveillance

ICBM Detection and Tracking

5...ateglc Communications

Integrated Data Networks

SYSTEM ANALVSIS

Research and Development

LINCOLN LABORATORYMassachusetts Institute of Technology

BOX 28

LEXINGTON 73. MASSACHUSETTS

6

Individuals Noteworthy

(Continued from page 4)

Management AcademyPROFESSOR Emeritus Erwin HSchell. '12, of the M.LT. School ofIndustrial Management. was a dele-gate to the International Academyof Management's meeting inAWl.

tralia, which was addressed byJames R. Killian, Jr., '26, Chairmaof the M.IT. Corporation. Fifteenhundred representatives of 29 na-tions were expected to attend this12th meeting of theComite Inter-national de l'OTganisation Sci en·tifique, known as CIOS.

Professor Schell is chancellor ofthe International Academy of Man-agement, an 'honorary societyformed in 1957, and was to partici-pate in ceremonies honoring inter-national managers. The Academyrecognizes contributions to man-agement through work, vision, val-ues, and beliefs in a free society byselecting 10 Fellows each year. Healso was invited to speak at theUniversity of Melbourne.

Librarian EmeritusALTHOUGH Miss MargueriteChamberlain's retirement is re-ported in the M.LT. librarian'sannual report, she is still workingat the Institute part time, and con-cerning herself especially with theenlargement of the mathematicscollection.

Miss Chamberlain 'came to M.I.T.to organize the science library inMarch. 1932. She says now thatshe has organized it "Shespends hertime "trying to keepup with it:'In the early days, she recalls, theInstitute was small enough so thata librarian knew everyone who pa·tronized the library and what hedid. In May, 1952, Miss Chamber-lain, along with the science library,moved from the Eastman Libraryin Building 6 to the new Haydenbuilding. J "There's' much moremovement and bustling abouthere," she says. "In fact it's a bitlike doing business on Main Street."

After graduating from Colby Col-lege in Maine with a B.A. degree,Miss Chamberlain taught for threeyears before continuing her studiesat Simmons, held various libraryposts, and finally came to M.l.T.

(Continued on page 12)

THE TECHNOLOGY REviEW

OPTIC NERVE FOR EYES THAT SEE100 FEET BELOW THE SURFACE

This is a television camera. Its job is to photograph the substrataof excavations, thereby providing information needed by engineersin planning the construction of Boston's new Prudential Center, amodern, multi-million dollar real estate development.

Here in the Back Bay section of Boston, with its artificially main-tained water table, this sealed camera must go down into a water-filled hole 100 feet below the surface. To transmit the picture fromthe camera to the surface monitor, Lake Service Corp. of Brighton,Massachusetts, designers and manufacturers of the television equip-ment, chose Simplex Anhydrex XX insulated cable because of itsability to withstand the rigors of submarine and direct burial duty.

For all types of service involving high and low voltages, whetheraerial, underground or submarine, or for everyday plant wiring, itpays tocall a Simplex Engineer.

1885 Diamond Jubilee 196075 Years of Leadership in the

Wire and Cable IndustryWIRE & CABLE CO.

Cambridge, Mass. • Newington, N. H.

APRIL, 1960 7

New ...

from Great Lakes Steel ...

columbium makes the

difference in fine-grained

GLX-W steel. For the)

products you make,

investigate the economy of

8 THE TECH:,\()[.OC:Y REnEW