table of contents lessons 1. ancient times gogo 2. middle ages and renaissance gogo 3. industrial...
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Table of Contents
Lessons1. Ancient Times Go2. Middle Ages and Renaissance Go3. Industrial Revolution and Modern Era Go http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i
2mpgwGRJyw
History of Health CareT
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Lesson 1 – Primitive Times
4000 to 3000 BC
People believed that illness was caused by supernatural beings.
Several herbs and plants were used as medicine.
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First Known Form of Surgery
◦ Trepanning Allowed evil spirits
to leave a sick person
Most ancient form of surgery
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Lesson 1 – Ancient Egyptians and Babylonians
Egyptians – 3000 BC▫ Magic and religion▫ Conservative physicians▫ Imhotep –first physician◦ Kept accurate health
records
Babylonians – 2000 BC▫ Similar to Egyptians▫ Physicians are paid for
services
Both cultures had poor sanitation and hygiene.
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Lesson 1 – Ancient Hindus and Chinese
Hindus – 1500 BC▫ Hospitals and Nurses▫ Many types of
surgeries▫ Knowledge of drugs▫ Sewers –improved
sanitary conditions and slowed spread of disease
Chinese – 3000 BC ▫ Documented over 1000
medical herbs▫ Acupuncture
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Lesson 1 – Ancient Greeks
2000 to 400 BC
Hippocrates▫ Father of Medicine▫ Observation and Note-
taking▫ Hippocratic Oath
Aristotle▫ Anatomy
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Lesson 1 – Ancient Romans
200 BC to 500 AD Claudius Galen
▫ Ignored the practice of patient observation
▫ Four body fluids▫ Many flawed theories
Established superior drainage systems and set up public hospitals
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Lesson 1 – Dark Ages
542 AD – First episode of the bubonic plague.
Rome is overthrown by barbarians, and the study of medicine is forbidden.
People return to religion, magic, and folklore to cure disease.
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Lesson 1 – The End of an Era
Many medical discoveries were made during the ancient time period. However, the era ended just as it began.
The majority of people who lived in the ancient world believed that sickness was directly linked to a supernatural being.
They believed that sickness could only be cured through obedience, prayer, and religious rites.
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Lesson 2 – Middle Ages
800 to 1300 AD Moslem Arab Empire
▫ Pharmacology▫ Rhazes
First medical school
Common people are treated by barber surgeons.
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Lesson 2 – Black Death
1347 to 1352 AD
Second episode of the bubonic plague
Over one-third of Europe’s population died.
Many Europeans challenge the belief that religion is the cure for disease.
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Lesson 2 – The Renaissance
1350 to 1700 AD
Many Europeans reject their commitment to religion.
Andreas Vesalius published the first human anatomy book.
The microscope is invented.
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Lesson 2 – Result of the Middle Ages and Renaissance
Reason and intellect had replaced religion and superstition in the medical field.
The cause of disease was still a mystery.
Typical life span was about 40 years.
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Lesson 3 – The Industrial Revolution
1700 and 1800’s
Advances in chemistry and physics
Louis Pasteur develops pasteurization.
Joseph Lister develops methods of medical asepsis.
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Lesson 3 – Structure and Function
1778 - John Hunter inserts a feeding tube into a patient.
1796 - Edward Jenner gives the first vaccination.
1822 - William Beaumont fully describes the digestive system.
Mid 1800’s - Anesthetics are used for surgeries.
Early 1900’s - Elias Metnikoff explains the function of white blood cells.
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Lesson 3 – The Modern Era
1900 to Present
1932 – Sir Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin.
Early 1900’s – Wilhelm von Roentgen developed the X-ray machine.
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Lesson 3 – Technological Advancements
Francis Crick and James Watson discover DNA.
Organ transplants become successful.
Infertile couples have children through in vitro fertilization.
Childhood vaccinations eliminate many viral diseases.
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Lesson 3 – Health Insurance
Health insurance plans were developed in the 1920’s.
Medicare and Medicaid.
Hospitals were organized into specialized units.