KuwaitTax Guide

2012

PKF Worldwide Tax Guide 2012I

foreword

A country’s tax regime is always a key factor for any business considering moving into new markets. What is the corporate tax rate? Are there any incentives for overseas businesses? Are there double tax treaties in place? How will foreign source income be taxed?

Since 1994, the PKF network of independent member firms, administered by PKF International Limited, has produced the PKF Worldwide Tax Guide (WWTG) to provide international businesses with the answers to these key tax questions. This handy reference guide provides clients and professional practitioners with comprehensive tax and business information for 100 countries throughout the world.

As you will appreciate, the production of the WWTG is a huge team effort and I would like to thank all tax experts within PFK member firms who gave up their time to contribute the vital information on their country’s taxes that forms the heart of this publication. I would also like thank Richard Jones, PKF (UK) LLP, Kevin Reilly, PKF Witt Mares, and Kaarji Vaughan, PKF Melbourne for co-ordinating and checking the entries from countries within their regions.

The WWTG continues to expand each year reflecting both the growth of the PKF network and the strength of the tax capability offered by member firms throughout the world.

I hope that the combination of the WWTG and assistance from your local PKF member firm will provide you with the advice you need to make the right decisions for your international business.

Jon HillsPKF (UK) LLPChairman, PKF International Tax Committee jon.hills@uk.pkf.com

PKF Worldwide Tax Guide 2012 II

important disclaimer

This publication should not be regarded as offering a complete explanation of the taxation matters that are contained within this publication.

This publication has been sold or distributed on the express terms and understanding that the publishers and the authors are not responsible for the results of any actions which are undertaken on the basis of the information which is contained within this publication, nor for any error in, or omission from, this publication.

The publishers and the authors expressly disclaim all and any liability and responsibility to any person, entity or corporation who acts or fails to act as a consequence of any reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of this publication.

Accordingly no person, entity or corporation should act or rely upon any matter or information as contained or implied within this publication without first obtaining advice from an appropriately qualified professional person or firm of advisors, and ensuring that such advice specifically relates to their particular circumstances.

PKF International is a network of legally independent member firms administered by PKF International Limited (PKFI). Neither PKFI nor the member firms of the network generally accept any responsibility or liability for the actions or inactions on the part of any individual member firm or firms.

PKF Worldwide Tax Guide 2012III

preface

The PKF Worldwide Tax Guide 2012 (WWTG) is an annual publication that provides an overview of the taxation and business regulation regimes of 100 of the world’s most significant trading countries. In compiling this publication, member firms of the PKF network have based their summaries on information current as of 30 September 2011, while also noting imminent changes where necessary.

On a country-by-country basis, each summary addresses the major taxes applicable to business; how taxable income is determined; sundry other related taxation and business issues; and the country’s personal tax regime. The final section of each country summary sets out the Double Tax Treaty and Non-Treaty rates of tax withholding relating to the payment of dividends, interest, royalties and other related payments.

While the WWTG should not to be regarded as offering a complete explanation of the taxation issues in each country, we hope readers will use the publication as their first point of reference and then use the services of their local PKF member firm to provide specific information and advice.

In addition to the printed version of the WWTG, individual country taxation guides are available in PDF format which can be downloaded from the PKF website at www.pkf.com

PKF INTERNATIONAL LIMITEDAPRIL 2012

©PKF INTERNATIONAL LIMITEDALL RIGHTS RESERVEDUSE APPROVED WITH ATTRIBUTION

PKF Worldwide Tax Guide 2012 IV

about pKf international limited

PKF International Limited (PKFI) administers the PKF network of legally independent member firms. There are around 300 member firms and correspondents in 440 locations in around 125 countries providing accounting and business advisory services. PKFI member firms employ around 2,200 partners and more than 21,400 staff.

PKFI is the 10th largest global accountancy network and its member firms have $2.6 billion aggregate fee income (year end June 2011). The network is a member of the Forum of Firms, an organisation dedicated to consistent and high quality standards of financial reporting and auditing practices worldwide.

Services provided by member firms include:

Assurance & AdvisoryCorporate FinanceFinancial PlanningForensic AccountingHotel ConsultancyInsolvency – Corporate & PersonalIT ConsultancyManagement ConsultancyTaxation

PKF member firms are organised into five geographical regions covering Africa; Latin America; Asia Pacific; Europe, the Middle East & India (EMEI); and North America & the Caribbean. Each region elects representatives to the board of PKF International Limited which administers the network. While the member firms remain separate and independent, international tax, corporate finance, professional standards, audit, hotel consultancy, insolvency and business development committees work together to improve quality standards, develop initiatives and share knowledge and best practice cross the network.

Please visit www.pkf.com for more information.

PKF Worldwide Tax Guide 2012V

structure of country descriptions

a. taXes payable

FEDERAL TAXES AND LEVIES COMPANY TAX CAPITAL GAINS TAX BRANCH PROFITS TAX SALES TAX/VALUE ADDED TAX FRINGE BENEFITS TAX LOCAL TAXES OTHER TAXES

b. determination of taXable income

CAPITAL ALLOWANCES DEPRECIATION STOCK/INVENTORY CAPITAL GAINS AND LOSSES DIVIDENDS INTEREST DEDUCTIONS LOSSES FOREIGN SOURCED INCOME INCENTIVES

c. foreiGn taX relief

d. corporate Groups

e. related party transactions

f. witHHoldinG taX

G. eXcHanGe control

H. personal taX

i. treaty and non-treaty witHHoldinG taX rates

PKF Worldwide Tax Guide 2012 VI

AAlgeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pmAngola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pmArgentina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 amAustralia - Melbourne . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 pm Sydney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 pm Adelaide . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.30 pm Perth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 pmAustria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pm

BBahamas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 amBahrain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 pmBelgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pmBelize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 amBermuda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 amBrazil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 amBritish Virgin Islands . . . . . . . . . . .8 am

CCanada - Toronto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 am Winnipeg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 am Calgary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 am Vancouver . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 amCayman Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 amChile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 amChina - Beijing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 pmColombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 amCroatia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pmCyprus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 pmCzech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pm

DDenmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pmDominican Republic . . . . . . . . . . .7 am

EEcuador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 amEgypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 pmEl Salvador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 amEstonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 pm

FFiji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 midnightFinland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 pmFrance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pm

GGambia (The) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 noonGeorgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 pmGermany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pmGhana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 noonGreece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 pmGrenada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 amGuatemala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 am

Guernsey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 noonGuyana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 am

HHong Kong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 pmHungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pm

IIndia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.30 pmIndonesia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 pmIreland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 noonIsle of Man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 noonIsrael . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 pmItaly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pm

JJamaica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 amJapan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 pmJersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 noonJordan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 pm

KKazakhstan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 pmKenya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 pmKorea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 pmKuwait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 pm

LLatvia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 pmLebanon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 pmLiberia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 noonLuxembourg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pm

MMalaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 pmMalta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pmMauritius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 pmMexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 amMorocco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 noon

NNamibia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 pmNetherlands (The) . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pmNew Zealand . . . . . . . . . . .12 midnightNigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pmNorway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pm

OOman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 pm

PPanama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 amPapua New Guinea. . . . . . . . . . .10 pmPeru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 amPhilippines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 pmPoland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pmPortugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pmPuerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 am

international time Zones

AT 12 NOON, GREENwICH MEAN TIME, THE sTANDARD TIME ELsEwHERE Is:

PKF Worldwide Tax Guide 2012VII

QQatar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 am

RRomania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 pmRussia - Moscow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 pm St Petersburg . . . . . . . . . . . .3 pm

sSierra Leone . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 noonSingapore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 pmSlovak Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pmSlovenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pmSouth Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 pmSpain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pmSweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pmSwitzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pm

TTaiwan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 pmThailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 pmTunisia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 noonTurkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 pmTurks and Caicos Islands . . . . . . .7 am

UUganda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 pmUkraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 pmUnited Arab Emirates . . . . . . . . . .4 pmUnited Kingdom . . . . . . .(GMT) 12 noonUnited States of America - New York City . . . . . . . . . . . .7 am Washington, D.C. . . . . . . . . .7 am Chicago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 am Houston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 am Denver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 am Los Angeles . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 am San Francisco . . . . . . . . . . .4 amUruguay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 am

VVenezuela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 amVietnam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 pm

PKF Worldwide Tax Guide 2012 1

Kuwait

Kuwait

Currency: Dinar Dial Code To: 965 Dial Code Out: 00 (KD)

Member Firm:City: Name: Contact Information:Kuwait Tareq M Bouresli 226 55 777 tareq@pkf-kuwait.com

a. taXes payable

FEDERAL TAxEs AND LEVIEsCORPORATE INCOME TAxThe Tax Decree of 1955 (Amiri Decree No 3 of 1955) as amended by Law No 2 of 2008 and the Executive Byelaw issued by the ministerial order No 29 of 2008 governs taxation in Kuwait along with various tax treaties with a number of foreign nations. These decrees are supplemented by Directives issued by the Director of Income Taxes. Under the above, foreign companies described in the decree as ‘bodies corporate’ which carry on business or trade in Kuwait are taxable. The term ‘bodies corporate’ refers to an association that is formed and registered under the laws of any country or state and is recognised as having a legal existence entirely separate from that of its individual members. Partnerships fall within this definition.

No income tax is imposed on companies incorporated either in Kuwait or in other Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) countries and wholly owned by nationals of Kuwait or other GCC countries. The members of GCC are Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates. Under Law No 19 of 2000, a 2.5% tax is imposed on the annual net profits of Kuwaiti companies listed on the Kuwait Stock Exchange as National Labour Support Tax.

Foreign companies can carry on business in Kuwait either through an agent or joint venture or as a minority shareholder in a locally registered shareholding company. Tax is levied on the foreign company’s share of the profit plus any amounts receivable for interest, royalties, commissions, technical services, management fees etc.

Upon commencement of business, foreign companies are required to register themselves with Director of Income Taxes within 30 days and apply for a Tax Card. A taxpayer may follow one calendar year comprising 12 consecutive months as the first accounting period. For the first and last accounting periods, it is possible to obtain approval for a period shorter or longer than 12 months up to a maximum period of 18 months.

A tax declaration is to be submitted in Arabic to the Director of Income Taxes in a specified format, accompanied by audited financial statements and other specified documents. The Director of Income Taxes requires that the declaration and the supporting statements are certified by an accountant in practice in Kuwait who is also registered with the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.

If a foreign company has more than one activity in a similar line of business in Kuwait, either directly or indirectly through subsidiary companies, income from all activities is to be aggregated for tax purposes. Business losses can not be carried forward for more than three years.

The applicable flat tax rate is 15% on taxable income. However, no tax is payable if the taxable income is below KD 5,250. It is possible to pay the tax due in four equal instalments if not paid as one deposit together with the Tax Declaration.

TAx INCENTIVEsKuwait has a number of tax incentives as follows:(a) Leasing and Investment Companies Law No 12 of 1998 allows the formation

of investment and leasing companies having their principal place of business in Kuwait, with Kuwaiti or foreign shareholders. The law grants a five-year tax holiday to non-Kuwaiti founders and shareholders of such companies, beginning on the date of establishment of the companies.

(b) Direct Foreign Capital Investment Law (DIFCL) No 8 of 2001 provides a tax holiday up to ten years with respect to non-Kuwaiti shareholders shares of the profits from the qualifying projects. An additional tax holiday for a similar period is granted for further investment in an already approved project.

(c) Businesses set up in the Kuwait free trade zone for carrying on specified operations are exempt from taxes on operations conducted in the zone and foreign entities can own 100% of such businesses.

PKF Worldwide Tax Guide 20122

(d) Kuwait has begun to use build, operate, and transfer (BOT) method in respect of some large infrastructure projects. Tax and tariff concessions may be built into a BOT contract.

As per circular No 50 of 2002, issued by the DIT regarding treatment of exempted companies, the exempted companies shall, however, comply with the provisions of submission of tax declaration, inspection and assessment procedures like other companies in order to be eligible for exemption.

b. determination of taXable income

Tax liabilities are generally computed on the basis of profits disclosed in audited financial statements adjusted for tax depreciation and other deductions of all expenses and costs spent on realising such income. The tax inspector has a right to disallow any expenses that are deemed excessive on inspection conducted during assessment.

GROss INCOMEGross Income will include: a) Income derived from rendering of services in Kuwaitb) Income from leasing of property located in Kuwaitc) Income from operating any manufacturing, industrial, or commercial enterprise

in Kuwaitd) Income from purchasing and selling property, goods and maintaining a

permanent office in Kuwait where contracts of purchase and sale are executede) Income earned from selling, renting etc any trade mark, design or copyrightf) Profits from disposal of assetsg) Commissions from representation or brokerageh) Profits from any contracts performed in Kuwait.

DEDUCTIONsTAx DEPRECIATIONThe permissible rates of depreciation, applied using the straight-line method, include 4% a year for building, 20% for plant and machinery, 15% to 20% for motor vehicles and 15% for office furniture.

BUsINEss ExPENsEsFor expenses to be deductible, they must be incurred in the generation of income in Kuwait. Such expenses must be supported by adequate documentary evidence. Such expenses include:(a) Salaries, wages and end of service benefits(b) Taxes and fees except Income Tax(c) Grants, donations and subsidies paid to licensed Kuwaiti public or private agencies(d) Expenses of Head Office.

The following expenses are normally disallowed for tax purposes:(a) Personal or private expense or any other expense not related to business(b) Criminal penalties(c) Reimbursable losses(d) Provisions as opposed to accruals are not accepted for tax purposes. Thus

terminal benefits are only deducted when paid out and debts are only being written off for tax purposes once they are proved irrecoverable

(e) Interest is accepted if it is paid directly by the branch to a bank in Kuwait and is reasonable in relation to the activities of business in Kuwait

(f) Salaries paid outside Kuwait to staff working abroad, except where the contract specifically requires technical work to be performed abroad

(g) Transfer pricing of materials and equipment imported. The tax authorities deem the following profit margins for the imported materials:

• importsfromheadOffice:10%to15%ofrelatedrevenue • importsfromrelatedparties:6.5%to10%ofrelatedrevenue • importsfromthirdparties:3.5%to6.5%ofrelatedrevenue.

The deemed profit as above is normally subtracted from the cost of materials and equipment claimed in the tax declaration.

HEAD OFFICE OVERHEADsThe tax authorities allow the following deductions from income as a contribution towards expenses incurred by the head office of a foreign company:(a) For contractors and consultants operating through an agent: 1.5% of revenue,

reduced by any amounts paid or payable to sub-contractors(b) For foreign companies participating with Kuwait companies in the execution of a contract: 1% of the foreign company’s share of the contract revenue reduced

by amounts paid to sub-contractors(c) For insurance companies: 1.5% of the net premiums(d) For banking Institutions: 1.5% of direct revenue realised in Kuwait.

Kuwait

PKF Worldwide Tax Guide 2012 3

c. foreiGn taX relief

No specific unilateral measures exist for the avoidance of double taxation but, if taxable income has suffered foreign tax, the foreign tax will usually be allowed as a deduction from income.

f. witHHoldinG taX

There are no withholding taxes in Kuwait. There are, however, retentions made on payments due to foreign companies until such time as they satisfy their Kuwait customer that they have dealt with their Kuwaiti tax obligations. Under Ministerial Order No 44 of 1985, all government departments, public bodies and privately owned and government owned companies are required to withhold final payments due to entities, which should not be less than 5% of the total contract value, until such entities present a tax clearance from the DIT. Failure to comply with these rules could result in disallowance of the related contract costs by DIT.

H. personal taX

There is no personal income/wealth tax in Kuwait.

i. treaty and non-treaty witHHoldinG taX rates

Kuwait has entered into tax treaties with several countries for avoidance of double taxation. Kuwait is a signatory of the Arab Tax treaty and the GCC Joint Agreement, both of which allow for avoidance of double taxation in most areas. Comprehensive double taxation treaties are available with Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Canada, China, Cyprus, Croatia, Ethiopia, France, Germany, Hungary, Indonesia, Italy, Jordan, Korea, Lebanon, Mauritius, Mongolia, Netherlands, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Singapore, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine and United Kingdom. Kuwait has also concluded limited double taxation agreements in respect of income arising from international sea and/or air transport with several countries.

Kuwait

PKF Worldwide Tax Guide 2012 565

www.pkf.com$100