technical director model stretch - home - new …€¢air barrier performance (1.3) •minimized...

©2017, New Buildings InstituteAll Rights Reserved © 2017 New Buildings Institute

Mark Frankel – Technical Director

Mark Lyles – Project Manager

12/07/2017Model Stretch

Code Provisions

for a 20% Performance Improvement in New

Construction

Project support and collaboration from DOE,

PNNL, Energy Foundation, USDN,

Architecture 2030

All Rights Reserved © 2017 New Buildings Institute

Today’s Topics

• Project Background

• What is a Stretch Code?

• How are Stretch Codes adopted?

• Savings overview

• The Stretch Code package

• Commercial measure descriptions

• Residential requirements

• Next steps in code development

• Ongoing support


Project Background


• 2030 Challenge (Architecture 2030, ASHRAE, USGBC)

• 2030 Commitment (AIA)

• CA Big Bold Goals

• Carbon Neutral Cities Alliance/Urban Sustainable Directors Network

• Federal, State, and City Jurisdictions

• 372 Cities in North America have GHG reduction goals

•Paris Accord

Aggressive Code/Performance Goals Widely Adopted


• 20% Improvement on 90.1-2013 (Stretch Code)

• 40% Improvement on 90.1-2013 (Design Standard)

• ZNE Code (Performance Standard)

Photo:Michael Mathers435 Indio RMW Architects

Model Stretch Code Strategies

Terminology

Stretch Code/Reach Code/Step Code

Code vs. Code Provisions/Measures

90.1-2010 58

75

100

25

50

02000 20202010 2030

90.1-2004 75

90.1-2013IECC-2012

CBECS-2003100

Title 24-2013IECC 2015

CBECS-201390

Yr.

zEP

I Sco

re

Zero Energy Performance Index (zEPI) for Energy Codes

Model Reach Code 20%

42

2020 Goal

2025 Goal

189.1-2017

5452

50


State Adoption of Energy Codes

State Commercial Code Status, from BCAP

Each state determines

whether energy code

adoption occurs at the

state or local level


Policy Influence

• Taxes• Fee-bates

• Utility Rates• Annual Review

• Market Influence

• Codes (local, state, national)• Stretch Codes• Zoning• Permitting• Incentives


Savings Overview

PNNL Analysis and Results

Simulated 5 prototypes in 6 climate zones.

Standalone Retail

Secondary School

Large HotelLarge Office

High-rise Apartment

2B (2_dry): Tuscon, AZ

3A (3_moist): Atlanta, GA

3C (3_marine): San Diego, CA

4A (4_moist): New York, NY

4C (4_marine): Seattle, WA

5A (5_moist): Buffalo, NY

Analysis by PNNL


End Use Savings Comparison

55%

5%

22%6%

0%24%

45%

11%

42%

Heating

Cooling

Fan

Pumps & Other

Heat Recovery

Interior Lighting

Exterior LightingInterior Equipment

Exterior Equipmen

SWH

Analysis by PNNL

Large Hotel in

Climate Zone 3A


End Use Savings Comparison

18%

18%

24%10%

0%27%

49%

7%41%

Heating

Cooling

Fan

Pumps & Other

Heat Recovery

Interior LightingExterior Lighting

Interior Equipment

Exterior Equipmen

SWH

Bundle1

Secondary School

in Climate Zone 4C

Analysis by PNNL


Savings by Climate Zone for Bundle 1

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

Hig

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Ap

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Larg

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2B 3A 3C 4A 4C 5A

Bundle 1 (B1) All EEMs

Analysis by PNNL


The Stretch Code Package

Components of the 20% Stretch Code Provisions Document

Documentation Element Description/AudienceCommercial

Introduction/Policy Brief Description of 20% reach code for policymakers, city staff, others. Brief discussion of

implementation issues (code vs. program).

Short Measure Descriptions Brief summary of ~20 measures. Can be attached to document above.

Detailed Requirements Full description of detailed measure requirements in Guide format. Includes reference to topical

code sections for each measure.

Code Language Measure by measure adoption language for IECC 2015 and ASHRAE 90.1-2013. Detailed code

language specific to individual code sections (as needed).

Modeling Analysis Spreadsheet details of simulation results for each measure and bundle. Also measure modeling

descriptions, etc. (PNNL)

Modeling Presentation Detailed presentation on modeling results (PNNL with NBI edits)

Modeling Write-up Research paper format write up of modeling analysis (PNNL, NBI)

Webinar Presentation Summary presentation of reach code project and components (commercial and residential)

ResidentialIntroduction/Summary High level summary of residential reach code approach using ERI/HERS rating index

ERI Rating Requirements Table of ERI rating targets for 20% reach code by climate zone. Can be appended to above.

Reference Resources Collection of reference resources to guide designers/buildings in addressing ERI requirements.

Summary

Model Stretch Code Provisions

Introduction

Short Descriptions

Measure Narratives

Case Studies

Measures mapped to specific code sections (IECC and ASHRAE 90.1)

C402.5 Revise sections as follows (CE 105-16 adds new testing requirements and assembly

language for air barriers and CE 107-16 adds new language for commissioning):

C402.5 Air leakage – thermal envelope (mandatory). The building thermal envelope shall comply with Sections C402.5.1 through C402.5.8.

C402.5.1 Air barriers. A continuous air barrier shall be provided throughout building thermal envelope. The continuous air barrier shall be permitted to be located on the inside or outside of the building thermal envelope, located within the assemblies composing the building thermal envelope, or any combination thereof. The air barrier shall comply with Sections C402.5.1.1 and C402.5.1.2.

C402.5.1.2 Air barrier compliance options. A continuous air barrier in buildings having a gross conditioned floor area equal to or greater than the value specified in Table C402.5.1.2, shall comply with the provisions of Section C402.5.1.2.1. A continuous air barrier for the opaque building envelope in buildings having a gross conditioned floor area less than the value specified in Table C402.5.1.2, shall comply with one of the following:

1. Section C402.5.1.2.1. 2. Section C402.5.1.2.2 and Section C408.4.

3. Section C402.5.1.2.3 and Section C408.4.

(Specific language can be

developed in association with

local code authority)


Commercial Measure Overview

Technical Support Documentation and Examples


Commercial Measures


Commercial Measure Snapshots

• Air Barrier Performance (1.3)

• Minimized Thermal Bridges (1.4)

• HVAC Equipment Options (2.1)

• Service Hot Water Heat Recovery (3.1)

• Interior Lighting Controls (4.1)

• Plug Load Control and Efficient Equipment (5.1 & 5.2)


Air Barrier Performance

• Blower door testing required for buildings <50,000 sf.

• Leakage rate not to exceed 0.40 cfm/sf of the building thermal envelope

• Buildings >50,000 sf to comply with one of the following:

1. Component testing

2. Participate in a continuous air barrier commissioning program conducted by a third-party entity

Requirements: Energy Savings:

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

7.0%

8.0%

3A 4A 4C 5A

Air Leakage Results

High-Rise Apartment

Large Hotel

Large Office

Secondary School


Air Barrier Example

• ASHRAE research paper on Air Barrier Systems and Large Building Testing Procedures in Washington State

• Whole building testing required for buildings over three stories

• Looked at 5 different air barrier types on 31 buildings

• All but four buildings (85%) met or exceeded the proposed air leakage targets

• Concluded that a “qualified design team” should have no problems achieving 0.40 cfm/sf with any of the commonly used air barrier systems

Min, max, and average leakage results for each air

barrier type. Average values shown as black dashes.

Source: Building Enclosure Airtightness Testing in Washington State – Lessons

Learned about Air Barrier Systems and Large Building Testing Procedures


Thermal Bridging

• Account for thermal bridges using an Area-Weighted Average of each envelope component

• Structural elements that comprise a direct path to the building exterior and have a surface area > 1% of the area they are part of (roof, wall, etc)

• Are not insulated with at least R-5 continuous

• Includes most common envelope interfaces

Requirements Energy Savings

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

2B 3A 3C 4A 4C 5A

Thermal Bridging Results

High-Rise Apartment

Large Hotel


Thermal Bridging Example

Thermal bridging is caused by highly conductive elements that penetrate the thermal insulation and or/misaligned planes of thermal insulation. They allow heat flow to bypass the insulating layer and serve to reduce the effectiveness of insulation.

https://www.bchydro.com/content/dam/BCHydro/customer-portal/documents/power-smart/builders-developers/building-envelope-thermal-bridging-guide-1.1.pdf

Thermal Bridging example: Shelf angle that

bypasses insulation. Source – Morrison

Herschfield

https://www.bchydro.com/content/dam/BCHydro/customer-portal/documents/power-smart/builders-developers/building-envelope-thermal-bridging-guide-1.1.pdf


Thermal Bridging Example

• Example from Morrison Herschfield’sThermal Bridging Guide:

• Calculate overall U-value for each construction type for a High-Rise residential building

• Utilizes catalogue of common material interfaces that includes modeled thermal values for those details

• Calculates overall u-value for each major envelope component as well as the heat flow through the different interfaces


Efficient HVAC or DOAS

• Select one of the following options:

1. High efficiency HVAC equipment (that is federally preempted)

2. Meet all ventilation requirements with the supply of 100% outside air using a DOAS that

• Operates independently of building heating and cooling system

• Include ERV and be controlled based on occupancy

Requirements Energy Savings (HVAC only)

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

2B 3A 3C 4A 4C 5A

Efficient HVAC Equipment Results

High-Rise Apartment

Secondary School

Stand-alone Retail


DOAS Example

• Eastside Fire and Rescue Station in Issaquah, WA

• Mechanical design by Ecotope

• GSHP with radiant distribution

• Ventilation from DOAS with ERV

• Modeled EUI of 33, which is ¼ the energy of a typical regional fire station

• Analysis compared this design to two additional design not including a DOAS


Service Hot Water Heat Recovery

• Pick one of the following options:

• Utilize heat recovery and or solar thermal water heating to meet at least 40% of the domestic hot water load

• Specify high performance water heating equipment


0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

14.0%

2B 3A 3C 4A 4C 5A

Service Hot Water Heat Recovery Results

High-Rise Apartment

Large Hotel

Large Office

Secondary School

Stand-alone Retail


Hot Water Heat Recovery Example

• Drain water heat recovery (DWHR)

• Common practice in many Canadian provinces

• Required for prescriptive code compliance in Manitoba and Ontario

• Being proposed for Title 24 2019 through the Codes and Standards Enhancement (CASE) initiative

Source: Journal of Light Construction, September 2016


Interior Lighting Control

• Occupant sensor control required in most spaces

• Automatically turn off lights within 30 minutes of leaving the space

• Specific requirements for open office areas > 300 sf.

• Sleeping units to have control devices that automatically switch off all permanent luminaires and switched receptacles within 20 minutes of the space being vacated


0.0%

0.2%

0.4%

0.6%

0.8%

1.0%

1.2%

2B 3A 3C 4A 4C 5A

Interior Lighting Control Results

High-Rise Apartment

Large Hotel

Large Office

Secondary School

Stand-alone Retail


Lighting Control Example

• NBI’s 2015 Study on Zero Net Energy Building Controls

• Looked at control systems in 23 ZNE buildings

• LPD’s 40-60% less than code

• Photocells and occupancy sensors were used in every building surveyed

• Lighting controls selected as >15% and never less than 11% of the whole building savings Source: NBI


Plug Load Reduction

• A minimum of 50% of all receptacles to be controlled by a time clock or occupancy sensor (ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013)

• Utilization of a power management program for all networked personal computer

• Specification of Energy Star rated kitchen equipment


0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

3.5%

4.0%

4.5%

2B 3A 3C 4A 4C 5A

Efficient Equipment & Power Management Results

Large Hotel

Large Office

Secondary School


Plug Load Example

• Plug load field study from Seventhwave

• Gathered baseline data from 8 office buildings

• Looked at the impact of multiple plug load reduction strategies in these buildings including power management (Energy Star recommended CPM settings)

• Computer Power Management saved the most at almost every site, saving an average of 29% of average workstation energy

Source: Seventhwave


Residential Requirements


| Case StudiesRESIDENTIALAshton Woods Homes

Beazer Homes

Centex

David Weekley Homes

Del Webb Communities

Drees Homes

K. Hovnanian Homes

KB Home

Lennar Homes

Meritage Homes

Pulte Homes

Richmond American Homes

Ryan Homes

Ryland Homes

Case studies include measures from homes in climate zones 1-7


| Case StudiesRESIDENTIAL

Under-slab insulation from R-10 to R-20

Exterior wall assemblies of R-40 to R-55

Attic/roof insulation of R-60

Integrated home automation system

Ground Source Heat Pump

Energy Recovery Ventilation & Heat Recovery

Ventilation

Greywater storage & recycling system

Triple-pane, inert gas-filled, Low E windows

Reflective Low-E house wrap

Air tight sealing

PV Install and battery storage

Code/Program Approx. Ranking Envelope Other Features

IECC 2009 HERS 65-75 IECC 2009 Enclosure

IECC 2012 HERS 62-68 IECC 2012 Enclosure

ENERGY STAR v3.1

HERS 58-65 IECC 2012 EnclosureIndependent Verification, Heat Recovery, Water Management

IECC 2015 ERI 57-62 IECC 2015 Enclosure

IECC 2018 ERI 57-62 IECC 2015 Enclosure (No significant change from 2015)

20% REACH CODE

ERI 46-50IECC 2015 Enclosure

+20%Heat Recovery, EPA Indoor Air Package, Ducts in Conditioned Space, Solar Ready

PHIUS + HERS 35-45Ultra-Efficient

Enclosure

Independent Verification, Heat Recovery,EPA Indoor Air Package, Ducts in Conditioned Space, Solar Ready

ZE Ready Home HERS 25-30Ultra-Efficient

Enclosure

Independent Verification, Heat Recovery,EPA Indoor Air Package, Ducts in Conditioned Space, Solar Ready,Water Management

Residential Stretch Code Strategy


Next Steps in Stretch Code Development


• 20% Improvement on 90.1-2013 (Stretch Code)

• 40% Improvement on 90.1-2013 (Design Standard)

• ZNE Code (Performance Standard)

Photo:Michael Mathers435 Indio RMW Architects

Model Stretch Code Strategies

-80% -60% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

Small Box-Retail

High End-Retail

Big Box-Retail

Anchor-Retail

Warehouse

OtherHealth

Hospital

University

Small Off

Assembly

Other

K-12

Medium Off

Lodging

Large Off

Supermarket

Minimart

Restaurant

End Use by Type; Regulated vs. Unregulated

Plugs+ Process Heating Lights Bad Operations Ventilation Cooling Pumping Hot Water

Unregulated Loads

Weighted End Use Energy(across building types)

1 1 35

8

11

18

23

30

Pumping

Hot Water

Cooling

Bad Operation

Ventilation

Lights

Other

Heating

Equipment

Data from the Pacific Northwest


Code Progression

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

PV contribution Unregulated Loads Regulated Loads Performance Goal

2018 2021 2024 2027 2030

Renewables offset load to achieve goal


Other Code Resources

• Discussion of the Role of Federal Preemption in Code Development


Other Code Resources

• Outcome-Based Code Compliance Strategy for Cities

©2017, New Buildings InstituteAll Rights Reserved © 2017 New Buildings Institute

Mark Frankel – Technical Director

Mark Lyles – Project Manager

12/07/2017Model Stretch

Code Provisions

for a 20% Performance Improvement in New

Construction

Project support and collaboration from DOE,

PNNL, Energy Foundation, USDN,

Architecture 2030

technical director model stretch - home - new …€¢air barrier performance (1.3) •minimized...

Documents