technology and friday's cake
Post on 19-Oct-2014
813 views
DESCRIPTION
The presentation adresses the link between offline social interaction patterns and practices, social rituals and architectural affordances, and interaction practices in online spaces.TRANSCRIPT
TEKNOLOGI OG FREDAGSKAKE
Nordic Automobile Association (NAF) MAY 2014 BY LENE PETTERSEN @LeneJBP
= TECHNOLOGY AND FRIDAY’S CAKE
• 27 in-depth interviews in six entities in four
countries (with Marika Lüders)
• social network analysis of off-line collaboration tendencies
• pilot study in Norway 2010
• participatory observations UK and
Denmark
• analysis of E2.o functionality, overall strategy, user patterns, engagement within E2.0, selected content (blog post, comments), statistics (traffic, page views, user profiles )
• self-perceived ICT-competence
• field studies in Norway and Morocco in 2011
and repeated in 2012
• close analysis of participators E2.0 use, in particular the ‘Following’ and ‘Group’ functionality in the software
• key informant methodology
• close analysis of participators social capital (numbers of connections) in SNS (Facebook, LinkedIn) and numbers of close colleagues at work
A BRIEF INTRO OF ME AND MY STUDY
“internet and its interfaces have
the potential to revolutionize society for the better (…) bringing together disparate people from around the worlds, allowing relationships to flourish in an environment of equality and respect” (Boase and Wellman 2006, 3).
TECHNOLOGY & INTERNET
Devices will get more attention than we give
“real” people. Technology
will replace actual meetings, fearing that we
no longer need to go to the office or to family gatherings. However,
many of the same arguments were set forth
when the radio and the television were introduced.
OPTIMISTS PESSIMISTSVS
THE HYPE[FILL IN HERE] connects employees, customers and partners to increase productivity within companies. [FILL IN HERE] transforms the way work gets done and improves productivity, creativity and innovation for millions of people.
Employees
IN BRIEF
knowledge
knowledge exchange
knowledge
THE LOGIC
+ productivity+ productivity
main
+$-
Knowledge specialization
KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY
Increasing tendency
Time
SOME BACKGROUND FACTS:
KNOWLEDGE WORK
Work specialization
Increasing tendency
Time
SOME MORE BACKGROUND FACTS:
MODERN WORK HAS BECOME INVISIBLE
(Suchman 1995, Orr 1996)
…Are specialized and have different work, and thus different information needs during their working day. Davenport, Thomas H. 2011. "Rethinking knowledge work: A strategic approach." McKinsey Quarterly 1 (11).
MODERN WORKERS...
A LITTLE QUIZ...
WHAT IS MISSING IN THESE PICTURES?
PEOPLE! SOCIALIZING!
http:
//w
ww
.blu
epod
.com
.au/
asse
ts/
imag
es/U
ntitle
d-1%
281%
29.jp
g
http:
//4.
bp.b
logs
pot.c
om/-
t1oV
yj4q
-Ek/
Uex
XGI4
m5_
I/AAA
AAAA
AIN
o/N
GlY
F90v
7E4/
s160
0/IM
G_0
803.
JPG
SOCIAL RITUALS WE ALL HAVE THEM
FIKA, TJEKA
http:
//w
ww
.uni
form
ofm
an.c
om/w
p-co
nten
t/up
load
s/20
13/1
2/sw
eden
-map
card
.jpg
Fika is an social institution in Sweden. It means that one takes a break from an activity to drink coffee or other drinks with friends, family or acquaintances. This tradition - a coffee break with a snack – is central in the Swedish culture http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fika
Many memories center around food--the taste, sight, feel, touch, and sound of it, and when and where we ate it! You may have vivid childhood memories that are triggered when eating certain foods. How many childhood memories of food do you have? What about the smell of a turkey cooking? Does the sound of popcorn popping bring back thoughts of your favorite movie? Remember your joy at seeing gelatin jiggle and wiggle and the thrill of kneading bread dough or mixing meatloaf? And what about the delight of the first lick of an ice cream cone? Snack time provides memories and social opportunities with a time to relax and sharehttp://www.healthychild.net/NutritionAction.php?article_id=293
http://inglemoorcooperativepreschool.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/snack-time.jpg
http://thesmithtrip.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/steven-fez-090.jpg
Mint tea is a sign of hospitality, friendship, and tradition. Since this drink is so popular, it is served all day long, after every meal, and with every conversation. Moroccans take great pride in their tea and will often ask a visitor who among their group of friends makes the best cup of mint tea. And a minimum of two to three cups needs to be drunk so as not to offend the hosthttp://www.wikihow.com/Make-Moroccan-Tea
DRINKING MINT TEA TOGETHER= Building friendships and
growing trust
KAFFESLABERAS«According to the master at the elderly center a kaffeslaberas is an event that happens all of the sudden, right in the middle of it. Yet one main thing have to be at place, namely the homemade pastries». http://radionova.no/artikkel/jakten-p%C3%A5-kaffeslabberaset
= Norwegian informal coffee-and-cake get togetherDrinking coffee together means more than just the act of drinking coffee
By just wanting
a glass of
water you turn
down my
invitation to
socialize and
nurture our
social
relationship
WHAT DO THESE MACHINES HAVE IN COMMON?
PEOPLE HAVE A (GOOD) REASON FOR APPROACHING THEM
= parts of an object, or an environment, which allows an individual to perform an action (Gibson, 1979)
AFFORDANCES
Enables a firm grip for drinking warm content
http:
//gf
x.da
gbla
det.n
o/la
brad
or/2
50/2
5094
6/25
0946
37/j
pg/a
ctive
/978
x.jp
g
Things, devices, computer systems, architectural spaces, social interaction spaces needs to be modelled according to what we want them to do.
AFFORDANCES
http:
//cu
pcak
eped
ia.c
om/2
014/
03/1
2/11
-hor
ribly
-des
igne
d-ev
eryd
ay-it
ems/
Fayard and Weeks (2007) show how different architectural spaces provides a space that nurtures informal interactions by which often lead to work related discussions useful for the organization. Spaces in the organization, such as the water cooler, the copier, or the coffee machine, provide spontaneity (it must be a space that people naturally pass by), privacy (people must control the boundaries of their conversations), and legitimacy (the space must offer a reason for people to approach it) for employees.
FROM MY PHD-THESIS
WHAT IS THIS?
http:
//4.
bp.b
logs
pot.c
om/-
RC7o
OBy
27CY
/Tty
LG1G
jSVI
/AAA
AAAA
AAVE
/kAl
wU
rq4-
xE/s
1600
/sca
ndip
hone
.jpg
HOW WOULD YOU DESCRIBE YOUR KNOWLEDGE OF CATCHING THIS BALL?
http:
//im
g4.w
ikia
.noc
ooki
e.ne
t/__
cb20
1205
0407
5543
/nin
tend
o/en
/im
ages
/3/3
e/M
TO_T
enni
s_Ba
ll.pn
g
Picture from: Eriksen, Thomas Hylland. (2001). Small places, large issues. London, UK.: Pluto.
HOW CAN WE WORK WITH AND LEARN FROM OTHERS THAT HAVE DIFFERENT PRACTICES THAN OURSELF?
BY GETTING TO KNOW THEM
FRIDAYCAKE!
http:
//w
ww
.blu
epod
.com
.au/
asse
ts/
imag
es/U
ntitle
d-1%
281%
29.jp
g
http:
//w
ww
.alle
rs.n
o/si
tes/
alle
rs.n
o/fil
es/
imag
es/a
rticl
e/to
p/gj
erba
kst4
.jpg
IT IS LEGITIMATE: (MANAGEMENT ENCOURAGES THE RITUALE)
ONE GETS TO KNOW EACH OTHER – AND THUS BUILTS TRUST, SOMETHING THAT IS ESSENTIAL FOR SHARING KNOWLEDGE
A SOCIAL RITUAL THAT STRENGTHEN GROUP BELONGING
ONE LEARN WHAT OTHERS WORK WITH – COULD REPRESENT POSSIBLE FUTURE COLLABORATION
SATISFIED EMPLOYEES ARE MORE PRODUCTIVE
PEOPLE HAVE AN OVERVIEW OF WHO IS TAKING PART IN THE CONVERSATION IN THE SOCIAL EVENT FRIDAYCAKE, THAT TYPICALLY TAKES PLACE AT FRIDAYS, IN MANY ORGANIZATIONSIN NORWAY
INFORMAL CONVERSATIONS EASILY CONCERNS WORK RELATED ISSUES -> KNOWLEDGE SHARING
AND WHAT HAS FRIDAYCAKE TO DO WITH TECHNOLOGY?
SOCIAL INTERACTIONS OFFLINE IS EXPANDED ONLINE
IN MY RESEARCH CASE I FIND, AS RESEARCH INTO SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES (BOYD 2008; CHATORA 2010; ELLISON 2007; STEINFIELD, DIMOCCO & LAMPE 2009) FIND, THAT
FROM MY PHD-THESIS
‘I go to people I know because I know who they are. Well, I imagine they can solve my problem, or we can have brainstorm to solve it together’ (Woman, 30+, Morocco).
IN MY RESEARCH CASE PEOPLE ADRESS INDIVIDUALS WHO THEY ALREADY KNOW WHEN THEY NEED ASSISTANCE FOR WORKING;
FROM MY PHD-THESIS
When the participants were asked why they did not direct their questions to the social enterprise platform rather than asking people they already knew, where 5000 potential colleagues could assist, many explained that asking questions out in the open, on a transparent social enterprise platform, and where they had no specific receiver or reader, was unpleasant:
FROM MY PHD-THESIS
What creates interest in the platform is when people ask questions. But we often experience it as unnatural to ask questions in the open. It's no problem if you talk with someone face-to-face, or if you're just a small group (Male, 40+, Norway).
TECHNOLOGY EXPANDS SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS, RATHER THAN REPLACING THEM
FROM MY PHD-THESIS
IN MY RESEARCH CASE I FIND, AS RESEARCH INTO SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES (BOYD 2008; CHATORA 2010; ELLISON 2007; STEINFIELD, DIMOCCO & LAMPE 2009) FIND, THAT
Photo: Dear colleagues. Thank you for all the congratulations and ‘likes’ I received in the social enterprise platform. Thanks for the flowers I got when little Ann was born. I am enjoying my time at home and I’ll be back at work in March. Hugs from [woman, 40+, Norway].
FROM MY PHD-THESIS
Research into social capital and social network stress the importance of bridging different individuals and perspectives. However, others (Kijkuit & van den Ende, 2010) find that network density with strong ties in combination with high range spark innovation. They recommend that communication with goods friends in other units should be promoted in the beginning phase of idea generation.
FROM MY PHD-THESIS
EVERYWORKINGDAY MEANING CONTEXT PRACTICES
Difficult to upload and share
SUMMARIZED
OFFLINEONLINE
•ONLINE EXPANDS OFFLINE INTERACTIONS, BUT NEEDS TO BE NURTURED REGULARILY IN ORDER TO STAY CLOSE• IT IS NOT EITHER TECHNOLOGY OR FACE-TO-FACE – IT IS BOTH• I LABEL THIS PROCESS ‘THE DUALITY OF ONLINE AND OFFLINE STRUCTURES’ FROM MY PHD-THESIS
SUMMARIZED
TECHNOLOGY DO NOT REPLACE US OR WHAT WE DO – RATHER, SMART TECHNOLOGY ENABLES US TO DO WHAT EVER WE ARE DOING BETTER
Erling Dokk Holm i Aftenposten 3/5-2014
= In regard to architectural spaces: Trust is strengthen when people live close to each other shows research from USA.
http:
//ga
wke
r.com
/598
6462
/yah
oo-c
eo-m
aris
sa-m
ayer
-no-
mor
e-w
orki
ng-fr
om-h
ome
Marissa Mayer, CEO, Yahoo!
“To become the absolute best place to work, communication and collaboration will be important, so we need to be working side-by-side. That is why it is critical that we are all present in our offices. Some of the best decisions and insights come from hallway and cafeteria discussions, meeting new people, and impromptu team meetings. Speed and quality are often sacrificed when we work from home. We need to be one Yahoo!, and that starts with physically being together”
[tak] [tack] [thanks] [merci] [shokram] [salamat] [gracias] [kiitos] [ευχαριστίες] [teşekkürler] [takk] [grazie] [gràcies] [dank] [shukrani] [nhờ] [köszönöm] [buíochas] [dankie] [terima kasih] [ขอบคุ�ณ]
REFERENCESBoase, Jeffrey, & Barry Wellman. (2006). Personal relationships: On and off the Internet. The Cambridge handbook of personal relationships:709-723.
Boyd, D. (2008). Why youth social network sites: The role of networked publics in teenage social life. In Youth, Identity, and Digital Media, edited by D. Buckingham. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press: The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Series on Digital Media and Learning.
Chatora, A.T. (2010). Social relationships and identity online and offline: A study of the interplay between offline social relationships and Facebook usage by Rhodes University students from socially disadvantaged backgrounds, Rhodes University.
Davenport, Thomas H. (2011). Rethinking knowledge work: A strategic approach. McKinsey Quarterly 1 (11).
Ellison, N.B. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication‐ no. 13 (1):210-230.
Fayard, A-L., & Weeks, J. (2007). Photocopiers and water-coolers: The affordances of informal interaction. Organization studies no 28 (5): 605-634.
Gibson, J. J. (1979). The ecological approach to visual perception, Boston, Houghton Mifflin.
Janowicz-Panjaitan, M., & Noorderhaven, N.G. (2009). Trust, calculation, and interorganizational learning of tacit knowledge: An organizational roles perspective. Organization Studies no. 30 (10):1021-1044.
Kijkuit, B., & van den Ende, J. (2010). With a little help from our colleagues: A longitudinal study of social networks for innovation. Organization Studies no. 31 (4):451-479.
Orr, Julian Edgerton. (1996). Talking about machines: An ethnography of a modern job: Cornell University Press.
Steinfield, Charles, Joan M DiMicco, Nicole B Ellison, and Cliff Lampe. (2009). "Bowling online: social networking and social capital within the organization." Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Communities and technologies.
Suchman, Lucy. (1995). Making work visible. Communications of the ACM 38 (9):56-ff.