th vam congress 2016jvm.vam.org.my/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/vam-congress-proceeding... ·...

i

Proceedings of the 28th VAM Congress 2016

Veterinary Services and Practice

– Meeting the Challenges and Standards

23rd – 25th September 2016

The Waterfront Hotel Kuching,

Sarawak, Malaysia

iii

CONTENTS

Item Page

Message from Chief Minister YAB DATUK PATINGGI TAN SRI (DR) HAJI ADENAN BIN HAJI SATEM

xv

Message from Deputy Chief Minister & Minister of Modernisation of Agriculture & Rural Economy YB DATUK AMAR DOUGLAS UGGAH EMBAS

xvi

Message from Organizing Chairman DR PAUL CHELLIAH SUPPIAH

xvii

Message from Organizing Co Chairman and President of Sarawak Veterinary Association DR CHUO HOCK TIENG

xx

Executive Committee of Veterinary Association Malaysia (VAM) 2014-2016

xxii

Executive Committee of Sarawak Veterinary Association (SVA) 2015-2017

xxiii

28th Veterinary Association Malaysia CONGRESS 2016 Organizing Committee

xxiv

Helping Penan women lead better lives- Ann Wong 28th VAM CONGRESS Corporate Social Responsibility

xxv

Scientific Programme – Titles of Papers

xxix

Acknowledgement

xxxiv

ORAL PRESENTATIONS

PLENARY SESSION Saturday Morning

1. Keynote Address – Veterinary Services And Practice - Meeting The Challenges And Standards DATO’ DR KAMARUDIN BIN MD ISA Director-General, Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry Malaysia

2

iv

2. Plenary 1 – Management of Food Safety DR V RAGHAVAN

3

3. Plenary 2 – OIE Performance of Veterinary Services (PVS) Pathway And Its Implementation In South-East Asia DR RONELLO ABILA

8

4. Plenary 3 – Challenges To Wildlife Conservation In Malaysia: Threats And Legislations ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDR JAYASILAN MOHD-AZLAN

11

5. Plenary 4 – OIE And Animal Welfare: Stray Dog Population Control DR PENNAPA MATAYOMPONG

12

BREAKOUT SESSIONS (ORAL PRESENTATIONS) 3 STREAMS

Saturday

1.CONSERVATION STREAM

1. Wildlife Issues in Urban Environments ANTHONY SEBASTIAN

15

2. Zoonotic Primate Malaria: Spatial Distribution, Risk Factors For Infection And Genetic Diversity RSK SHARMA, CL LEE, AL JOHN, P MAHALINGAM, JRR JAPNING, FT SITAM, AR BAHAMAN, RA SANI AND B SINGH

15

3. Melioidosis In Animals: What Have We Missed? YUWANA PODIN

16

4. Endoscopic Gender Determination In The Critically Endangered Painted Terrapin (Batagur borneoensis) K VISHWANEE, M WATANABE, GK DHALIWAL AND RSK SHARMA

17

5. The Influence Of Venipuncture Sites On Blood Parameter Values In Freshwater Turtles RSK SHARMA, HM TAN, A RASEDEE, S SUMITA AND MT REZA

17

v

6. Growth Curve And Coat Colour Changes Of A Captive Bred Malayan Tapir (Tapirus indicus) DONNY, Y, ZAINAL ZZ, CHE KU MOHD ZAMZURI, KHAIRIL AZA, CWAR, SIMAA, NA, SITI AMINAH, Y, MOHD ZULFADLI Z, ENOS J, HALID AJ AND JAMALUDIN MA

18

7. Wildlife Trade For Meat And Medicinal Purposes In Malaysia LALITA GOMEZ

19

8. Reef Balls – Passive Enforcement For Protection Of Marine Turtles RAMBLI BIN AHMAD, JAMES BALI, TOLOY KERIPIN MUNSANG AND OSWALD BRAKEN TISEN

19

2.PRODUCTION STREAM

1. Haematological Changes And Electrophysiological Responses Of Goats Subjected To Road Transportation And Slaughter Without Stunning AZALEA-HANI, O, RAZLINA, R, U KAKA, A ABUBAKAR, JC IMLAN, AB SABOW, RASEDEE, A, NOORDIN, MM AND GOH, YM

22

2. A Preliminary Study On The Acute Effect Of Consuming Goat Meat On Mildly Hypertensive Patients And Their Blood Lipid Profile MARNI S, MUSTAFA AM, ZAMRI C, KHAIRUNNISAK, M, MARZURA, MR, NOR FASIHAH AS AND SAIPUL BAHARI AR

23

3. Effect Of Dietary High Protein Bull Frog Meal Supplementation On Growth Performance, Feed Conversion, Blood Serum Chemistry, Liver And Kidney Function Markers And Plasma Lipoprotein Activity In The Fish Oreochromissp. L SHAMSUDIN, M HAAZIQ SAARI AND WAN ZAHARI MOHAMED

23

4. From Traditional Bird Nest Soup To Bioactive EBNᴿ BABJI AS, NURFATIN, MH AND ETTY SYARMILA, IK

24

5. Effects Of Preferences And Nutritional Values Of Local Bamboo Towards Growth Performance Of Captive Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) In Zoo Negara, Malaysia INIRAH CHE ISHAK, JEFFERINE J. ROVIE-RYAN, MAT NAIM RAMLI, LI CAIWU, YANG HAIDI, AHMAD NIZAM ZAINUDIN, AKMAL HADI SAMSUDDIN, MOHAMED FITRI MOHAMAD YUSOFF, AZRENNIZAM IBRAHIM, EDDIE AZWAR ABDULLAH, NOORMAH MIW ABDULLAH AND RAHMAT TOPANI

25

6. Multiple Clutching In Captive Grey Crowned Crane SYAHAR AMIR A. GANI, NUR HAMZANI HAMZAH AND HASLIZA ABU HASHIM

26

vi

7 Molecular Characterization Of Reptarenavirus (Malaysian Isolate) Using Partial L-Segment Amplification YUSUF ABBA, HASLIZA HASSIM, HAZILAWATI HAMZAH, YUSUF ILYASU, OMAR EMAD IBRAHIM, MOHD AZMI MOHD LILA AND MOHAMED MUSTAPHA NOORDIN

27

8 Raising Antibiotic Free Chicken – Tackling Basic Feed Quality Issues VINCENT NG IH AND STEVEN GOH

27

9 Preliminary Study On Classification Of Raw Cow-Milk Using ATR-FTIR Coupled With PCA From Peninsular Malaysia KETTY GSL, KHAIRUNNISAK M, FARIDAH I, ROOSNOOR FH, IZWAN I, MARNI S AND SAIPUL BAR

30

10 Histopathological Observations Of Pulmonary Tissues From Respiratory-Associated Conditions In Caprine At Veterinary Research Institute For The Years 2013-2015 SHAFARIN, MS, AZIAN, NA B, ALI, AS AND NURIZAN, A

30

3.SMALL ANIMAL STREAM

1. Case Studies in Feline Lymphoma GAYATHRI THEVI SELVARAJAH

33

2. Urine Protein To Creatinine Ratio In Cats With Urinary Tract Problems HAZILAWATI, H, GRACE, LHW, ROSLY, SM, GOH, YM AND NOR-ALIMAH, R

35

3. Molecular Prevalence Of Feline Morbillivirus HEMADEVY MANORAJ, NUR HIDAYAH MOHD ISA, KHOR KUAN HUA, GAYATHRI THEVI SELVARAJAH AND FARINA MUSTAFFA KAMAL

36

4. Retrospective Study On Feline Heart Disease In University Veterinary Hospital, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UVH-UPM) From 2013 - 2015 ZAKARIA AHMAD, MALAIKA WATANABE AND KHOR KUAN HUA

36

5. Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM): Update KHOR KUAN HUA

37

6. Diagnostic And Therapeutic Approach To Oral Cancers (no abstract)GAYATHRI THEVI SELVARAJAH

38

7. The Effectiveness Of Locally Grown Indigenous Micro-Algal Strain Arthrospirasp Concentrate On Preventing High Blood Cholesterol In Cholesterol Fed Domestic Cats LOKMAN SHAMSUDIN, NURBILA M ROZAINI AND ABD RAHMAN AZIZ

38

vii

REGULATORY SESSION

Sunday Morning

1. Developing a Regional Action Plan For A Sustainable, High Quality Veterinary Workforce in ASEAN DATO’ DR KAMARUDIN MD ISA (MVC President )

40

2. Regulating The Veterinarians And Para-Professional In The Public and Private Sectors: Impact to the Veterinary Services in Malaysia DR HELEN MITIN (MVC Secretary)

41

3. A Preliminary Workforce Review On the Veterinary Profession in Malaysia DR LEONORA TUAH MERAWIN (Assistant to the MVC Registrar)

42

4. Forum on Animal Welfare Led by DATO’ DR QUAZA NIZAMUDDIN HN, DVS Paper 1 –The Animal Welfare Act And Its Implications For The Veterinary Surgeon Paper 2 –Animal Welfare: Basis For Freedom From Suffering Papers 1& 2 will be followed by Discussion between Floor and Panel

43

5. Forum on Veterinary Practice Bill Led by DR PAUL CHELLIAH, MVC

45

POSTER SESSION – Titles Of Abstracts

CASE REPORTS

1. Case Report Of Complicated Chronic Respiratory Disease CCRD In Village Chickens NORHAFIZA, H, SHAFARIN, MS, ENIE, AA, AZAHAR-MALEK, A, ASNIZA, S, AZIAN, NA B, ALI, AS, WAN-NORMAZIAH, WOB, GEETHAMALAR, S AND NURIZAN, A

47

2. A Case Report Of Avian Leucocytozoonosis In A White Leghorn SHAFARIN, MS, ADNAN, AS, SURIANI, MN, NORHAFIZA, H, ASNIZA, S, AZIAN, NA B, ALI, AS, WAN-NORMAZIAH, WOB, GEETHAMALAR, S, JASNI, S AND NURIZAN, A

47

3.Surgical Correction Of Atresia Ani In Kedah-Kelantan Calf CO CHE OMAR

48

4. Canine Extractions In Pig-Tailed Macaque (Macaca nemestrina) CO CHE OMAR

48

viii

DISEASE SURVEILLANCE - Brucella, Cats, Wastes

5. Isolation And Molecular Characterization Of Brucella abortus And Brucellamelitensis From Specimens Received by Regional Diagnostic Laboratory At Bukit Tengah, Malaysia THENAMUTHA, M, ZAKIAH, MD, AZIZUL, O, MASWATI, MA AND SAIPUL BAR

49

6. A Study On The Awareness On Periodontal Care In Cats Amongst Hospital Veterinar Kuala Lumpur Clients NURAZREEN, Z, MUHAMMAD-NAZRI, K, MUHAMMAD-SYAZWAN, MS, AZJEEMAH-BEE, SH AND KAMALA, R

50

7. Government Abattoir Wastewater Characteristics Analysed At The Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Sepang, Malaysia TAN, TL, ROSLAN, MY AND SAIPUL, BAR

50

8.Isolation And Identification Of Bacteria From Agricultural Waste M AZLAN, J, NURZILLAH, M, NORLINDAWATI, AP, M NOOR, I, TAN, TL, MARLIAH, A AND NURHASLINA, AR

51

DISEASE SURVEILLANCE - Flies, Parasites

9. Biting Flies Dynamics In Livestock Farm In Perak ERWANAS, AI, NURULAINI R, CHEE, WK, ADNAN, M AND LILY ROZITA, MH, DEBBRA, M, AZIMA LAILI, H, AZIZAH, D AND YAHASMIDA, Y

52

10. A Survey Of Parasite Pathogens In Stray Dogs PREMAALATHA, B, CHANDRAWATHANI, P, JAMNAH, O, ZAINI, CM, MARIAPPAN, C AND NURIZAN, A

52

11.Parasitic Infections In Various Animal Species: Diagnostic Information From Regional Diagnostic Laboratory Bukit Tengah From 2013 To 2015 KHOR SOCK KUN, JAMAIYAH MAT ISA, JAMAL HASSAN MN, MASWATI MAT AMIN AND SAIPUL BAHARI ABDUL REE

53

DISEASE SURVEILLANCE - Public Health, Rabies

12.Semi Quantitative Risk Assessment Of Avian Influenza And Newcastle Disease Virus In Backyard Chicken In Perak MY FAIZUL FIKRI, AR SOHAYATI AND LC CHAY

54

13. Tetracycline Residues In Chicken Meat From Certified Chicken 54

ix

Processing Plants In Malaysia And The Dietary Exposure AssessmentFrom Year 2012 To 2015 MARZURA, MR, KHAIRUNNISAK, M, MARNI, S AND SAIPUL, BAR 14. Prevalence Of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis And Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis In Dairy Cattle Herds In Kedah NURUL FATIHA, AS, ZURIN AZLIN, MJ, NOR LAILI, AR, MAZLAN, L, NOORAKMI, MN AND HAZLIANA, H

55

15. Isolation Of E. coli And E. coli O157:H7 In Cattle, Farm Environment, Milk And Beef MIAN KHAQAN SHAH, SALEHA ABDUL AZIZ AND ZUNITA ZAKARIA

56

16. Prevalence Of Salmonella spp. Isolated From Imported Frozen Buffalo Meat Submitted To Kuantan Regional Veterinary Laboratory From 2012 To 2015 SITI NOORZEHA, R, ANIRAN, K, FAIZAH HANIM, MS AND SAIPUL BAR

56

17. Assessment Of Microbiological Contamination In Chicken Meat From Small And Medium Scale Chicken Processing Plants In Peninsular Malaysia MARINA, AR, ISMAIL, M, NURZIA, I, MARNI, S AND SAIPUL, BAR

57

18. Prevalence Of Salmonellasp. Of Wild Rats In Kelantan NUR AIN SHAFIQAH, MS, CHE MUD, CM, NUR RAIHAN, MA, WAN NORULHUDA, WAW, SYARIFAH ASIAH, MA, ZUBAIDAH, MA, MOHD ZAWAWI, M , NORLIDA, O AND SAIPUL, BAR

58

19. Population Estimate Of Stray Dogs In Two Districts Affected By Rabies Outbreak In Kedah, 2015 CHIAN HOEY LEE, KAMALIAH GHAZALI, SYARIFAH SYAZANA SYED AHMAD AND UMMI SUMILAH MOHAMAD JOHAR

58

20. Molecular Detection Of Rabies Infection From A Few States In Malaysia NURSHUHADA, AH, ROSLINA H, ZURAIDAH, O, ROSHASLINDA, D, SITI SURAYA HANI MS, ZUNAIDA, B, NORLINA D AND HASRUL, AH

59

21. Laboratory Experience During Rabies Outbreak 2015 NORAZURA, AH, AZIZAH, D, NINY FARIZA, J, MOHAMAD MASRIN, A, MOHAMAD FHITRI, S, NORHAFIZA, H, ASNIZA, S, NOORAZIAN, AB AND ALI, AS

59

x

DISEASE SURVEILLANCE - Swine, GIS, Tuberculosis

22. Screening For Zoonotic Diseases In Pig Abattoir In Perak FAZLY ANN, ZA, MUHAMAD SYAMSUL NAIM, NA, ROSELIZA, R, NURUL FATIHA, AS, ZURIN AZLIN, MJ,WAN NORMAZIAH, WOB AND GEETHAMALAR, S

60

23. Cross Sectional Study Of Diseases In Wild Pigs In Peninsular Malaysia SOHAYATI A RAHMAN, DONNY YAWAH, NURAINI SHIMA ALWAY, KHAIRIL AZMAN ZAINAL ARIFIN, RICKY CHOK, FRANKIE THOMAS SITAM, NOOR AZLEEN KULAIMI, FATEHA, ZURIN, YAHASMIDA, NINY, NORAZURA HAMID AND WAN MAZIAH WAN OMAR BAKRI

61

24. GISDVS: Geographical Information System In Animal Disease Management For Department Of Veterinary Services, Malaysia MASRIN, A, FAKHRULISHAM, R, SHARIL, AMZ AND NURIZAN, A

62

25. Evaluation Of The Caudal Fold Test And Comparative Cervical Test In Detection Of Bovine Tuberculosis In Cattle NOR LAILI, AR, ZURIN-AZLIN, MJ, FHITRI, S, K EVIE, ZAMILA, Z, NURUL NASUHA, H, CHE KU MARDIANTY, MCWR, RIDUAN, M, ISHAK, D, NURIZAN, A AND KAMALIAH G

62

26. Bovine Tuberculosis Diagnoses And Incidence In Dairy Herd MJ ZURIN-AZLIN, NOR LAILI, AR, FHITRI, SM, K, EVIE, NURUL NASUHA, H, CHE KU MARDIANTY, MCWR, LETCHUMI, S, RIDUAN, M, ZAMILA, Z, ISHAK, D, KAMALIAH, G AND NURIZAN, A

63

LABORATORY TECHNIQUES

27. Identification Of Processed Animal Proteins (PAPs) In Feedstuffs NOOR, SH, SUHAIMI, D, WAN, SH, MOHD, SA, NORMAH, AR, TERJUDDIN, MS AND SAIPUL, BAR

64

28. Capsular Serotype Of Pasteurella Multocida Diagnosed In VRI From Year 2014 - 2016 KHOO, E, KHOO, LL, ZAMILA, Z, NAFIZAH, M, SITI NOR HANANI, R, SAIFU NAZRI, R, ROSNAH, Y AND ROSELIZA, R

64

29. Isolation And Characterisation Of Pasteurella multocida Isolated From Pig DAHLIA H, ZARRAHIMAH Z,HARNITA E, NOR LIYANA MR AND KHOO E

65

30. Pathogenicity Of Virulent And Avirulent Rhodococcus equi In Mice 65

xi

FHITRI, M, NOORDIN, MM, ZUNITA, Z AND LATIFFAH, H 31. Effect Of Sodium Azide On Consistency Of Pasteurella haemolytica Type A ELISA AISYA-NAAMA, T, NOR LAILI, AR, NURUL NASUHA, H, CHE KU MARDIANTY, MCWR, LETCHUMI, S, RIDUAN, M, ISHAK, D ZURIN-AZLIN

66

32. Detection Of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts From Cats Using Modified Kato-Katz And Sheather’s Sugar Methods NORHAMIZAH, AH, NORINA, L, RASHIDAH, CM, NORSHARINA, A, HANAFI, H AND SAIPUL BAR

66

MEDICINAL PLANTS

33. Haematological And Serum Biochemistry Evaluation Of Acute And Subacute Oral Toxicity Effects Of Ethanolic Extract Of Mariposa christia vespertilionis Leaves In Male Sprague Dawley Rats NURUL, SAS, HAZILAWATI, H, ROSLY, SM, FARHAN HANIF, MR, SHANMUGAVELU, S AND NOORDIN, MM

67

34. Assessment Of Blood Parameters Of Subchronic Ingestion Of Ethanolic Extract Of Mariposa christia vespertilionis Leaves In Sprague Dawley Rats NURUL, SAS, HAZILAWATI, H, ROSLY, SM, FARHAN HANIF, MR, SHANMUGAVELU, S AND NOORDIN, MM

68

35. Dermal Exposure Assessment On Ethanolic Extract Of Melastoma malabathricum In Sprague Dawley Rats FARHAN HANIF, MR, HAZILAWATI, H, ROSLY, SM, NURUL, SAS, NOORDIN, MM AND SHANMUGAVELU, S

69

36. Morphological Evaluation Of Excisional Cutaneous Wound Treated With Ethanolic Extract Of Melastoma malabathricum Leaves In Sprague Dawley Rats FARHAN HANIF, MR, HAZILAWATI, H, ROSLY SM, NURUL SAS, NOORDIN, MM AND SHANMUGAVELU, S

70

37. Antiproliferative And Antioxidative Activities Of Hydromethanolic Extract Of Syzygium polyanthum On Mammary Cancer Cell Line LUQMAN, MN, ARIFAH AK, OTHMAN, F AND ZAKARIA, ZA

71

xii

PARASITES

38. Electron Microscopy Of Haemonchus contortus: A Strongyle Of Small Ruminants In Malaysia CHANDRAWATHANI, P, ABDUL SHUKOR, A, JAMNAH, O, PREMAALATHA, B, ZAINI, CM AND SAIPUL BAHARI, AR

72

39. A SURVEY OF EAR MITES (Otodectes cynotis) IN STRAY CATS IN KOTA BHARU, KELANTAN, WEST MALAYSIA WAN NORULHUDA W.A.W., NIK KAMARUDIN T., NIK NOOR SYAMIMI I., NORLIDA O.& SAIPUL BAHARI, A. R

72

40. Theileria Infection Of Ruminants In Malaysia NURULAINI R, CHEE, WK,ADNAN M, LILY ROZITA, MH, ERWANAS, AI, DEBBRA, M., AZIMA LAILI, H, AZIZAH, D AND YAHASMIDA, Y

73

41. The First Report Of The Acanthocephalan Parasite (Balbosome sp.) Identified In A Stranded Sei Whale (Balaenoptera borealis) In Southern Peninsular Malaysia NORINA, L, NORSHARINA, A, NURNADIAH, AH, NORHAMIZAH, AH, HANAFI, H, TAMIMI MAA, IHWAN, MZ, WAHIDAH, W, AIDA, M AND SAIPUL BAR

74

POULTRY VIRUS

42. Avian Adenovirus Isolated From Broiler Affected With Inclusion Body Hepatitis NORINA L, NORSHARINA A, NURNADIAH AH, I REDZUAN, A ARDY AND I NOR-ISMALIZA

74

43. Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysis Of Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT) Virus In chickens: Comparison With Chicken Embryo Origin (CEO) Vaccine SYAMSIAH AS, LEOW BL, ONG GH, M REDZWAN S, BASIRAH MA, FAIZUL FIKRI MY AND A NURIZAN

75

44. Molecular Characterization And Phylogenetic Analysis Fusion Gene Of Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype VI From Pigeon In 2015 SM REDZWAN, AS SYAMSIAH, MY FAIZUL FIKRI, BL LEOW , MA BASIRAH, GH ONG, B AZURA, Z MAIZATUL, MR JIHAN AND A NURIZAN

76

45. Pathogenicity And Genotyping Of Newcastle Disease Virus Isolates From Central Region Of Peninsular Malaysia In 2010-2015 M AZLAN, J, NORFAIZAH, AH AND SAIPUL, BAR

76

xiii

46. Efficacy Study Of ND Virus Vaccine Of Duck Origin In Day-Old Specific Pathogen Free Chicken Against Malaysian Genotype VII ND Isolate SURIANI, MN, ISWADI, MI, NORMAH, M, GOON, SC, JAMALIAH, H, PREMAALATHA, B, FAIZUL FIKRI, Y, SHAMSIAH AINI, S AND ONG, GH

77

PRODUCTION - Cattle

47. Moringa oleifera As An Alternative Feed To Enhance The Milk Production In Dairy Animal MOHAMMAD-BOHARI, J, LILY SUHAIDA, MS, SHARIF, S AND A ZURAIDAH

78

48. The Effect Of Different Seasons On Milk Composition Of Dairy Cattle In Perak LILY SUHAIDA, MS, NOOR AKMI, MN, BOHARI, J AND M KALAAVATHI

78

49. Expression Profile Of Hsp72 In Mafriwal Cows Exposed To Heat Stress SOMARNY, WWMZ, FARIDAH, S, MOHD WAZNUL ADLY, MZ, MD TASOL, S , MARDHATI, M, NOR AINI, W,ALI HANAPIAH, AMM AND S SHANMUGAVELU

79

PRODUCTION - Fish

50. Apparent Digestibility Of Total Lipid Of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) In Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) MARDHATI, M AND AR ZAINAL ABIDIN

80

51. Apparent Digestibility Coefficients Of Local Feedstuff In African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) FARAHIYAH, IJ, ZAINAL,AAR, AHMAD, A, MARDHATI, M, YONG, ST, THAYALINI, K AND MB MOHD HAIRY AZWAN

80

52. Effects Of Phyllanthus niruri And Solanum trilobatum Inclusions In The Diets Of African Catfish On Apparent Digestibility THAYALINI,K, SITI HAJAR,Z, ZAINAL, AAR,FARAHIYAH, IJ,AZIZI, AA YONG, ST AND M MARDHATI

81

PRODUCTION - Quail

xiv

53. Growth Performances Of IKTA Quail In The Closed-House System IRDAYU, H, AHMAD SHAFRI, H, ZUAL-KEPLI, M, NOR HAIDAYAH, J AND NUR HAYATI, MY

82

PRODUCTION - Small Ruminants

54. A Case Report Of Chronic Malnutrition In A Dorper Sheep ASNIZA, S, SHAFARIN, MS, NORHAFIZA, H, AMIR, H, TAJUL-ARIFFIN, MY, AZIAN, NAB, ALI, AS, WAN-NORMAZIAH, WOB, GEETHAMALAR, S AND NURIZAN, A

83

55. The Use Of 2 Cow-Side Tests For On-Site Detection Of Ketone Bodies In Late-Gestation Does AA, SYAHIRAH, HA, HASSIM, AA, SAHAREE, SS, SYED-HUSSAIN, AFM AZMI, M, AJAT AND R, MANSOR

84

PRODUCTION -Poultry

56. First Veterinary Forensic Investigation On Completely Burned Chicken Carcasses in a Poultry Farm in Malaysia SHAFARIN, MS, SARAVANKUMAR, S, NAZNI, WA, NURIZAN, A AND QUAZA-NIZAMUDDIN, HN

85

PRODUCTION -Swiftlet nest

57. Bioactive Swiftlet Nest Capsule ABDUL SALAM BABJI ET AL.

86

xv

MESSAGE FROM CHIEF MINISTER YAB DATUK PATINGGI TAN SRI (DR) HAJI ADENAN BIN HAJI SATEM

Congratulations to Veterinary Association Malaysia (VAM) and Sarawak Veterinary Association(SVA) in jointly organizing the 28th VAM CONGRESS 2016 and 28th VAM AGM with the theme of “Veterinary Services and Practice – Meeting the Challenges and Standards”. This is the 1st VAM CONGRESS to be held in Kuching and it is an honour to host this national event at Bumi Kenyalang.

The exchange of ideas through the plenary sessions,

breakout sessions and poster presentations to learn,

share and networking among the veterinarians from

whole over Malaysia.

Meanwhile do enjoy what Sarawak can offer to you. From gastronomical

delights, nature at its best, clean unpolluted air, cultural heritage, and lots more

that Sarawak can offer. Stay back for few days and you will experience the

warmth the Sarawakian has and see the smiles of the beautiful Kuchingites that

will touch your heart. Unwind the clock and enjoy the slow pace living here.

Last but not the least, I would like to welcome all delegates and speakers to this

CONGRESS and wishing everyone to have a fruitful session and pleasant stay at

Kuching.

YAB Datuk Patinggi Tan Sri (DR) Haji Adenan Bin Haji Satem

Chief Minister of Sarawak

xvi

MESSAGE FROM DEPUTY CHIEF MINISTER & MINISTER OF MODERNISATION OF AGRICULTURE & RURAL ECONOMY

YB DATUK AMAR DOUGLAS UGGAH EMBAS

xvii

MESSAGE FROM ORGANIZING CHAIRMAN DR PAUL CHELLIAH SUPPIAH

It gives me great pleasure to welcome you to Kuching, Sarawak for the 28th Veterinary Association Malaysia AGM and Congress 2016.This year the Annual General Meeting and Scientific Congress is happening together at the Waterfront Hotel in Kuching, Sarawak over a weekend and I hope that members will have an enjoyable weekend. It is the first time the Association is holding its annual meeting here in Sarawak and I am truly enthralled by this 'Cat City' and I hope it will be the same for you all when you are here. Please take time to enjoy what the city can offer.

The Veterinary Association Malaysia is truly grateful to YB DATUK AMAR DOUGLAS UGGAH EMBAS, DEPUTY CHIEF MINISTER, MINISTER OF MODERNISATION OF AGRICULTURE & RURAL ECONOMY OF SARAWAK for gracing the occasion and also officiating this Congress on behalf of YAB DATUK PATINGGI TAN SRI (DR) HAJI ADENAN BIN HAJI SATEM, CHIEF MINISTER OF SARAWAK. Kuching was selected as the host city of the 28 VAM Congress for a few reasons. An understanding was arrived at by which the Sarawak Convention Bureau sponsored the Sarawak Cultural Show during the 6th Pan Commonwealth Veterinary Association Conference that we hosted last year in Kuala Lumpur. Another reason was to work with the Sarawak Veterinary Association in bringing together the fraternity and raising funds. The third reason was to give our colleagues in Sabah and Sarawak a Congress closer to home. Finally, for our members, a post-Congress ‘Sarawakian’ holiday. This Congress is special as it is co-organized by the Sarawak Veterinary Association and VAM. The organizing committees of both associations have worked hard to bring you a very affordable Congress. The venue is a brand new 5-star signature hotel right in the ‘happening’ part of Kuching. The Congress bags are very special as they are made by the people of the Penan tribe and the proceeds from the purchase of these bags will go towards their wellbeing and the development of the Penan womenfolk. This is a CSR project brought together with this Congress to make it more meaningful for the

xviii

participants. In this Congress we are focusing on three main streams of the profession, namely animal production, wildlife conservation and companion animal medicine, with an overview of animal welfare. The Congress aims to be as holistic as possible in providing a larger picture of the veterinary profession, hence the Congress’s theme: “Veterinary Services and Practice – Meeting the Challenges and Standards.” We are thankful to the OIE (World Animal Health Organization) for its officers who will be presenting to us the OIE standards on animal welfare and the challenges we face in this fast-globalizing world. There will also be a satellite session for the companion animal vets. VAM wishes to congratulate the working committee here in Kuching for putting together such an exciting Congress. My special gratitude goes to Dr. Chuo Hock Tieng, the President of the Sarawak Veterinary Association, and his team for coming alongside VAM to co-organize this event. VAM also places on record its appreciation and gratitude to Dr. Nadzariah Cheng Abdullah, the Chairperson of the Scientific Committee of the 28th VAM Congress. VAM is grateful to all presenters, both oral and by posters, for your invaluable scientific contribution to the Profession. We wish to express our sincere gratitude to all generous sponsors for your support and contributions both of finance and in kind. Thanks are due to the State Government of Sarawak for hosting the gala dinner. Many thanks to the Co organizers – the Sarawak Veterinary Association members for working together with VAM, theVeterinary Division (soon to be Department of Veterinary Service Sarawak) of Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Sarawak for support and help in so many ways. Thanks to the Penan Women Project Organization for giving us the privilege of being involved in their project. Special thanks to The Executive Committee of VAM and the Congress Organizing Committee for their invaluable contributions.

xix

I thank the Waterfront Hotel Kuching, Sarawak for their cooperation in organizing the Congress. Our appreciation to the Sarawak Convention Bureau for assistance, support and encouragement in organizing this event in Kuching. Finally, to all participants who have made this a memorable Congress – thank you so much.

Dr Paul Chelliah Suppiah President VAM Organizing Chairman 28th VAM CONGRESS

xx

MESSAGE FROM ORGANIZING CO CHAIRMAN DR CHUO HOCK TIENG

Selamat Datai Ngagai Kuching

Welcome to Kuching

It is my honour and great pleasure to welcome

all VAM members, delegates and distinguished

speakers to 28th VAM CONFERENCE 2016 and

28thVAM AGM held in the Cat City of the Land

of the Hornbill, Sarawak with the theme of

“Veterinary Services and Practice – Meeting

the Challenges and Standards”

This congress jointly organized by Veterinary

Association Malaysia and Sarawak Veterinary

Association has gathered over 300 veterinarians. We were overwhelmed by the

support given which is beyond our expectations and our sincere gratitude for

the support. This one and half day conference covers a wide range of topics

from wildlife conservation and production sciences, to legislative issuesand

small animal medicine. Besides the conventional classroom teaching method I

hope the delegates will take this opportunity to interact actively with the

speakers and experts in their field in seeking new knowledge aswell as

strengthening our Malaysian veterinary fraternity.

28th VAM CONGRESS 2016 is proud to contribute to society through our

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of helping the Penan tribe through the

‘Penan Women Project’. The Penans are one of the indigenous tribes of Borneo

and are believed to be the last nomadic hunter-gatherers in Malaysia. For

thousands of years they have lived in harmony with the rainforest, the place

they call their home. The Penan ladies inherited their delicate weaving skills

with mesmerizing patterns. This is of utmost suitability to represent the works

of art of Borneo in this congress as our Congress Bag souvenir. We hope by this

small act we will contribute some support for their transition from nomadic

hunter-gatherers to living in resettlement-communities, learning how to sustain

themselves as well as giving their children a formal education.

xxi

I would like to record my highest sincere gratitude to the Office of the Chief

Minister of Sarawak, YAB Datuk Patinggi Tan Sri (DR) Haji Adenan Bin Haji

Satem’s for hosting The Congress Gala Dinner, and The Deputy Chief Minister

and Minister of Modernisation of Agriculture& Rural Economy, YB Datuk Amar

Douglas Uggah Embas for gracing the opening ceremony. Heartfelt

appreciationis due to my hard-working committee members, working tirelessly

on the registration matters after long hoursin their clinics. Last but not the least

I would like to express my highest gratitude to the Sarawak Convention Bureau

and all our sponsors for their welcome support and contributions. Thank you.

I wish you all to have a productive conference.

Dr Chuo Hock Tieng

President of Sarawak Veterinary Association (2015-2017)

Organizing Co-Chairman of 28th VAM CONGRESS 2016

xxii

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF VETERINARY ASSOCIATION MALAYSIA (VAM) 2014/2016

Dr. Paul Chelliah Suppiah President

Dato’ Dr. Quaza Nizamuddin Hassan Nizam President Elect

Dato’ Dr. Tee Ah Kiat Vice President

Dr. Hazilawati Hamzah Hon. Secretary

Dr. Tan Do Yew Asst. Hon. Secretary

Dr. Chong Yoon Chuk Hon. Treasurer

Dr. Samsiah Harun Asst. Hon. Treasurer

Dr. Chee Liung Wun Exco Member

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jalila Abu Exco Member

Dr. Chandrawathani Panchadcharam Exco Member

Dr. Wilmot Sasindran Dass Exco Member

Dato’ Dr. Vincent Ng Immediate Past President

Dr. Nadzariah Cheng Abdullah CPD Coordinator

Dr. Khor Kuan Hua JVM Editor

Dr. Gayathri Thevi Selvarajah MSAVA Representative

Dr. Maximillian Sim CPD Committee

Dr. Mazlan Mohamad VAM Inc. Representative

Dr. Mohd Sabri Md. Yusoff MAVP Representative

Ms. Niremala MNAWF Representative

Dr. Mohd Shafarin Shamsuddin Auditor

Dr. Tan Seow Pheng Auditor

xxiii

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF SARAWAK VETERINARY ASSOCIATION (SVA) 2015/2017

President : Dr. Chuo Hock Tieng

Vice President : Dr. Adrian Susin Ambud

Secretary : Dr. Lim Kui Mei

Assistant Secretary : Dr. Penny Hu Huong Niong

Treasurer : Dr. Lina Lu Ching Fung

Editor : Dr. Daniel Tan Lee Tung

Committee Member : Dr. Alice Hong Siaw Chui

Committee Member : Dr. Nicholas Ak Jenek

Committee Member : Dr. Andrea Lim Li Li

Committee Member : Dr. Chong Chiaw Jun

Auditors : Dr Simon Sinang Bada

: Dr Humrawali Khan

From left to right:

Dr. Chong Chiaw Jun, Dr. Lina Lu, Dr. Chuo Hock Tieng, Dr. Adrian Susin Ambud, Dr. Simon Sinang Bada,

Dr. Daniel Tan Lee Tung, Dr. Lim Kui Mei, Dr. Penny Hu Huong Niong.

xxiv

28TH VETERINARY ASSOCIATION MALAYSIA CONGRESS 2016 ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Organizing Chairman : Dr. Paul Chelliah (VAM)

Organizing Co-Chairman : Dr. Chuo Hock Tieng (SVA)

Secretary : Dr. Hazilawati binti Hamzah (VAM) : Dr. Lim Kui Mei (SVA) Treasurer : Dr. Chong Yoon Chuk (VAM) : Dr. Lina Lu (SVA) Scientific Committee : Dr. Nadzariah Cheng Abdullah (Head) : Dr. Daniel Tan Lee Tung Protocol and Media : Dr. Adrian Susin Ambud (Head) : Dr. Nicholas ak Jenek : Dr. Andrea Lim Li Li : Dr Stephen Gabriel Sponsorship : Dr. Betty Chang Teck Soon : Dr. Alice Hong Siaw Chui : Dr. Tee Ah Kiat : Dr. Chuo Hock Tieng Registration : Dr. Lina Lu

: Dr. Lim Kui Mei Social program : Dr. Chuo Hock Tieng Exhibition and poster : Dr. Daniel Tan Lee Tung Promotion and marketing : Dr. Chuo Hock Tieng : Dr. Paul Chelliah S

: Dr. Lee Ee Liang

xxv

HELPING PENAN WOMEN LEAD BETTER LIVES – ANN WONG 28th VAM CONGRESS CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

The Penans are one of the indigenous tribes of Borneo. They are believed to be the last nomadic hunter-gatherers in Malaysia. For thousands of years they have lived in harmony with the rainforest, the place they call their home. As hunter-gatherers, they relied heavily on the rainforest to supply their needs - from food to shelter. Many have embraced modernity now

and live in resettlement communities though some still remain semi-nomadic. No matter where they are, they are learning to cope with living in the modern world. It has not been an easy task though. The Penan need to learn how to sustain themselves as well as give their children a formal education. They need to be supported in their transition as nomadic hunter-gatherers. These are among the reasons why we started a Penan Women Project (PWP). This project focuses on the women of the Penan tribe and helps them sustain themselves by earning a regular income as well as ensure the continuity of their heritage such as weaving, as the Penan women are expert weavers despite having no formal education. Their patterns are intricate; the quality of their work is excellent. PWP was established by the Miri Women Weaving Association (MWWA) to market the woven bags to the public. 100% of the proceeds from the sale of these indigenous bags are channelled back to the Penan community. PWP buys the bags from the Penan women at fair value and helps to market them in community fairs and bazaars in Kuala Lumpur and Penang. Some expats have also sent them back to their home countries! When you buy a Penan handwoven bag, know that you are helping support an entire community of Penan. You are helping to

xxvi

support a pre-school at Long Karangan, provide Penan children with much needed transport to school, provide school fees and medical fees for newborns, the elderly and more within the Penan community.

Your support helps empower the Penan women. The Penan woman relies entirely on her husband but if her husband doesn’t have a job, they will have no income. They resort to hunting and selling whatever they can obtain from the rainforest which is not a sustainable way to live. In the old days, Penan women would source for rattan from the rainforest and weave rattan products to supplement their fluctuating family income. Rattan products take a long time to create as the rattan needs around 3 months to be prepared before they can be used. For our PWP weaving projects, we use plastic strapping

commonly used for strapping of boxes. Plastic strapping is cost-effective, durable and comes in fashionable colours, perfect for bag weaving. The Penan women use these plastic strappings to weave their heritage patterns and create attractive bags for sale. PWP supplies them with plastic strapping and equipment. PWP volunteers guide them on the designs and colours, offering feedback as well as going the extra mile of checking the quality of their bags. In return, MWWA buys the bags and helps sell them within the state as well as in Peninsular Malaysia. Currently, we have about 30 Penan women who can produce some 600 to 900 bags in a 3-week time frame. ABOUT MWWA Miri Women Weaving Association (MWWA) was registered on March 14, 2016 to help needy nomadic and semi-nomadic Penans in Limbang and Miri divisions. MWWA was founded by Shida Mojet while Ann Wong is the current chairperson. MWWA helps the Penan learn about income generation while tapping into their resources and knowledge about traditional crafts like weaving. Our

xxvii

mission is to help the Penan women get out of poverty by making and selling handwoven products such as bags and baskets. The baskets and bags are affordably priced between RM20 to RM70 while the laundry baskets are around RM120. Besides the weaving project, MWWA also helps with medical and maternity care and paying of medical bills, provides milk, food and clothes for mothers and babies. MWWA also welcomes assistance to help the Penans as some of the Penan villages are isolated. They are located in the middle of the jungle and are devoid of basic necessities like clean water supply, electricity, health and sanitation services, roads, schools and proper transportation. Other projects include teaching them to grow vegetables (supplying them with seeds and farming tools), collecting and distributing donations and visiting Penan families and students in schools. Villagers in Limbang and Miri divisions of Sarawak have benefitted from the weaving project and other projects carried out by MWWA. In Limbang, we have helped villagers of Long Perisik, Long Rayah, Long Sulung , Long Sembayang, Long Tegan, Long Napir, Long Balau and Long Seliang while in Miri Division we have helped villagers of Long Karangan, Long Nen, Ba Marong and Long Kevok. ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT OUR BAGS Who sells these bags? MWWA buys these bags from the Penan women and sells them directly via fairs and bazaars. Usually MWWA sells them outside of Sarawak in cities such as Penang and Kuala Lumpur where we have had amazing response!

Why are they made with plastic strapping? Rattan baskets simply take too long to produce because the harvesting and preparation of rattan takes at least 3 months! Plastic strapping is the modern answer to using rattan. Plastic

xxviii

strapping is durable and washable (your bags can be washed and rinsed easily) and comes in fashionable colours. These colours make our bags truly contemporary and attractive. We are putting a new spin on an age-old craft with plastic strapping. How many women are supported in this programme? We are currently supporting 40 Penan women in our weaving project and aim to add more women. What is unique about these bags? Each handwoven bag carries a tag with the name of the Penan woman who made the bag. They are also 100% handmade. They represent independence and freedom for the Penan women who rely on their handicraft to feed their families and school their children. When you buy a bag from us, know that your money goes towards helping a woman and her family thrive. Where can I get these bags? You can get them bags from our appointed distributors in Penang, Kuala Lumpur and Kuching when they organise sales. If you’d like to help us organise a sale, contact us ([email protected] or Ann Wong 013-825 8218). What can I do besides buying these bags? Besides the weaving project, MWWA also helps with medical and maternity care and paying of medical bills, providing milk, food and clothes for mothers, and babies. Other projects include teaching them to grow vegetables (supplying them with seeds and farming tools), collecting and distributing donations and visiting Penan families and students in schools. Contact us if you wish to help in this regard.

mailto:[email protected]

xxix

PROGRAMME SCHEDULE 24th September 2016

Saturday Morning

0800 Arrival of Participants and Registration, Arrival of invited Guests

0845 Our Anthems - Negara ku & IbuPertiwiku

0850 Bacaan Doa (Prayer Recital)

0855 Welcome note from SVA Organising Co-Chairman Dr Chuo Hock Tieng

0902 Welcome note from Dr Stephen Gabriel, Senior Assistant Director, Department of Agriculture Sarawak

0903-0950 Key note / Opening Address by DG Veterinary Services,

Dato’ Dr Kamarudin Md Isa

0950-1015 Presentation of Souvenirs , Refreshments, Fraternity, Tour of booths and posters

1015-1115 Plenary One

Management of Food Safety Dr Vijay Raghavan

1115-1155 Plenary Two

OIE PVS Pathway Dr Ronello Abila

1155-1235 Plenary Three

Challenges to Wildlife Conservation in Malaysia- Threats and Legislations Associate Prof Dr Jayasilan Mohd-Azlan

1235-1305 Plenary Four

OIE and Animal Welfare: Stray Dog Population Control Dr Pennapa Matayompong

1305-1355 LUNCH GE Sponsored LUNCH for 50 SA Practitioners

xxx


Saturday Afternoon 2-2.45pm

Conservation Can Be Hazardous Production - Proof Of Concept and Novel Strategies with

Local Materials

Updates on SA Cancer, Feline Virus and CKD, Feline Heart Disease

1400-1415

Wildlife Issues in Urban

Environments Anthony

Sebastian, Borneo Futures

1400-1415

Haematological Changes and Electrophysiological Responses of Goats Subjected to Road Transportation and

Slaughter Without Stunning Azalea Hani Othman UPM

1400-1415

Case Studies in Feline Lymphoma

Gayathri Thevi S UPM

1415-1430

Primate Malaria-An Emerging

Zoonotic Disease With Global Implications

Reuben Sharma, UPM

1415-1430

A Preliminary Study on the Acute Effect of Consuming Goat Meat on Mildly

Hypertensive Patients and Their Lipid Profile

Mustafa Ali Mohd UM

1415-1430

1430-1445 1430-1445

Effect of Dietary High Protein Bull Frog Meal Supplementation on Growth

Performance, Feed Conversion, Blood Serum Biochemistry, Liver and Kidney

Function Markers and Plasma Lipoprotein Activity in the Fish

Oreochromis sp Lokman Shamsudin UMK

1430-1445

Urine Protein to Creatinine Ratio in Cats

With Urinary Tract Problems

Hazilawati Hamzah UPM

xxxi


Saturday Afternoon 2.45-4.00pm

1445-1500

Melioidosis in Animals: What Have We

Missed? Yuwana Podin

UNIMAS

1445-1500 From Traditional Bird Nest Soup to

Bioactive EBNR Abdul Salam Babji UKM

1445-1500

Molecular Prevalence of Feline Morbillivirus Hemadevy Manoraj

UPM

1500-1515 1500-1515

Effects Of Preferences and Nutritional Values of Local Bamboo Towards Growth Performance Of

Captive Giant Panda (Ailuropodamelanoleuca) in Zoo

Negara, Malaysia Inirah Che Ishak, Wildlife

1500-1515

Retrospective Study On Feline Heart Disease In University Veterinary

Hospital, Universti Putra Malaysia (UVH-UPM)

From 2013-2015 Zakaria Ahmad UPM

1515-1530

TEA BREAK

1515-1530

Multiple Clutching In Captive Grey Crowned Crane

Syahar Amir A Gani, Langkawi Wildlife Park

1515-1530 Feline Hypertrophic

Cardiomyopathy (HCM): Update

Khor Kuan Hua UPM 1530-1545 1530-1545

Growth Curve & Coat Colour Change Of A Captive Bred Tapir (Tapirus

indicus) Donny Yawah Wildlife

1530-1545

Yet, we continue with our conservation work

1545-1600

Molecular Characterization of Reptarenavirus (Malaysian Isolate)

Using Partial L-Segment Amplification

Yusuf Abba UPM

1545-1600 TEA BREAK

xxxii

PROGRAMME 24th September 2016

Saturday Afternoon 3.45-5.00pm

1545-1600

Endoscopic Gender Determination In the Critically Endangered

Painted Terrapin (Batagur borneoensis)

Vishwanee UPM

1600-1615

TEA BREAK

1600-1615 TEA BREAK

1600-1615

The Influence of Venipuncture Sites on

Blood Parameter Values In Freshwater

Turtles Reuben Sharma UPM

1615-1630

Small Animal Diagnostics

Laboratory Findings Toward Better Production 1615-1630 Diagnostic and

Therapeutic Approach to Oral cancers

Gayathri Thevi S UPM 1615-1630

TRAFFIC Update on trade in wildlife

Lalita Gomez TRAFFIC 1630-1645

Determining Origins of Milk by ATR-FTIR Coupled With PCA

Ketty Goh DVS 1630-1645

1630-1645

Reef Balls: Passive Enforcement For

Protection of Marine Turtles

Rambli Ahmad, Sarawak Forestry

1645-17.00

Histopathological Observations of Pulmonary Tissues From Respiratory-Associated Conditions In Caprine At

VRI For the Years 2013-2015 M Shafarin Shamsuddin VRI

1645-1700

The Effectiveness of Locally Grown

Indigenous Micro-Algal Strain Athrospira sp On Preventing High Blood

Cholesterol In Cholesterol Fed Pet Cats

Lokman Shamsudin UMK

xxxiii


Sunday Morning 8.30-lunchtime

0830-0850

MVC Paper Developing A Regional Action Plan For A Sustainable, High Quality Veterinary Workforce in

ASEAN - Dato’ Dr Kamarudin Bin Md Isa MVC President

0850-0910 MVC Paper

Regulating The Veterinarians and Para-Professionals in The Public and Private Sectors: Impact to The Veterinary Services In Malaysia - Helen Mitin MVC Secretary

0910-0930

MVC Paper A Preliminary Workforce Review On The Veterinary Profession In Malaysia

Leonora Merawin Tuah MVC Assistant to Registrar

0930-1000 Tea Break / Refreshments /Poster viewing

1000-1100 Presentation on Animal Welfare Act 2015

Dato’ Dr Quaza and Animal Welfare Section DVS

1100-1200 Presentation on Veterinary Practice Bill

Dr Paul Chelliah and MVC Team

1200 Arrival of Guests For Closing Ceremony

1205 Promotion

WAAVP2017, MNAWF & Other NGO

1215 VAM Organizing Chairman’s and Immediate Past President’s Closing message –

Dr Paul Chelliah Suppiah

1245 Presentation of Souvenirs

1300 Lunch

1400-1700 Small Animal Satellite Symposium

xxxiv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The 28th VAM CONGRESS 2016 Organizing Committee would like to

express heartfelt thanks and gratitude to the following companies for

their supports and contributions

Department of Veterinary Malaysia

Department of Agriculture Sarawak

Ministry of Agriculture and Agro Based Industry, Sarawak

Sarawak State Government

Sarawak Convention Bureau

Agritech Enterprise Sdn. Bhd.

Amlan International

Bei Shi Cold Storage Sdn. Bhd.

Borneo Indah Sdn. Bhd.

BP Environmental Testing Sdn. Bhd.

Dream Maker Biopharma (M)

Sdn. Bhd.

Farmland Supplies and Veterinary Services Sdn. Bhd.

GE Healthcare Pte Ltd

Gold Coin Sarawak Sdn. Bhd.

Lai Ngit Sen

Lifebiopharma Sdn. Bhd.

Pahang Pharmacy Sdn. Bhd.

PeterLabs

Plaza Merdeka Shopping Mall

Scil Diagnostics Sdn. Bhd.

Taseen Trading Sdn Bhd

YSP Industries Sdn. Bhd.

1

ABSTRACTS OF PLENARY SESSION Saturday Morning

24th September 2016

28th VAM Congress, 23-25th September 2016 Kuching, Malaysia

2

1. KEYNOTE ADDRESS

Veterinary Services and Practice - Meeting The Challenges And Standards

DATO’ DR KAMARUDIN BIN MD ISA

Director-General

Department of Veterinary Services Ministry of Agriculture & Agro-Based Industry Malaysia

Wisma Tani, Block Podium, Lot 4G1, Precint 4 Federal Government Administrative Centre, 62624 Putrajaya

Abstract

The Veterinary Services in Malaysia, comprising both the government services as well as commercial private practice, contributes significantly to the overall good management of domestic and pet animals. In the quest to upgrade these services, several challenges have been identified which can spur the industry greater heights. Animal welfare issues especially related to trade matters and certification of premises for husbandry augur notably. As pet owners expect greater professionalism and care for their companions, the role of the Malaysian Veterinary Council in upholding ethics in the veterinary services is becoming increasingly important. In addition, health and disease, with special reference to zoonotic diseases such as rabies and avian influenza, and more so with antibiotic residues in meat and milk, requires constant monitoring and surveillance to thwart the threats that could affect the economy and safety of the country. In relation to the diagnostic services and up to date identification of diseases, there is a committed need for continuous pooling of expertise to deal with these new challenges. The DVS is thus working towards the upgrading of services and in upholding the tenets of the profession by working hand in hand with the commercial establishments.


3

2. PLENARY 1

Management of Food Safety

*DR V RAGHAVAN

Regional Consultant for Alltech Biotechnology Asia Pacific Region

No 11 SS 1/38 Sea Park Petaling Jaya 47300 Selangor Malaysia *[email protected]

Abstract

Food safety is making international headlines, and it is at risk in Asia and the Pacific (FAO 24/5/04). Consumers today have become increasingly concerned about food safety due to the various food scares that has been created such as the BSE and Dioxin scares. They have come to expect meat, eggs, milk and other products that are nutritious consistent and free from contaminants such as foreign bodies, additives, pathogens and the way the animals are reared during their lifetime (3). The slogan of “Safe Feed towards Safe Food” was invented in the year 1998 and the concept has entered all aspects of food production. Of growing concern today in food safety are areas of biosecurity, good husbandry and feeding practices and HACCP programmes. These areas have become increasingly complex indeed and they have become business in their own right. Today the area of food production has moved into the sectors concerning the animal consumers, and the environment and a time has now come to re-imagine the feed and food industry in view of various challenges that are posed by the industry. The paper will discuss these new challenges such as roles by the breeders to produce a healthy flock, role of feed millers, consumer awareness in food safety animal welfare, bio-terrorism and agro-terrorism in the food sector and the role of politics and understand more of what constitutes residue problems in various types of foods and whether we can develop our food sector into a halal hub. It will also highlight in brief measures to ensure food safety in Malaysia and how we have to manage food safety to stay in business. Introduction The safety and quality of food are currently issues of major concerns in developing countries. However efforts to produce sufficient food to meet the requirement of the growing population are often accompanied by such adverse economic conditions that tend to overshadow the need to ensure that food is safe to eat. Malaysia is a net importer of food as its self-sufficiency rates for certain agro products are low and expected to remain on imports. Despite the reliance of imports for food supplies the government remains committed to achieving a high level of self-sufficiency as stipulated in the current National Agro Food Policy on challenging times the government and the stockholders need to find new and innovative ways to create an environment to have adequate, affordable, safe and healthy food. The paper describes the importance and safety of food and the complexity and challenges in incurring food safety based on Malaysia experience.



4

What is Food Safety? Food safety is the protection of human health by preventing edible substances – as defined by law – from becoming hazardous and by minimising the risks from those hazards. It also constitutes the absence of hazard and risk from food (8). Benefits of Improving Food Safety

1. Contribution to a wider variety of choice of fresh and nutritious food.

2. Increment of foreign currency asset of the exporting countries.

3. Enhancement of food Safety Systems of exporting countries

4. Contribution to consumers’ health and protection.

5. Contribution to the harmonization of food regulations and standards based on international standards as per WTO/SPS agreement.

6. Contribution to poverty alleviation especially to small scale farmers.

7. Diminution of food losses and contribution to countries food security.

8. Promotion of a good country image or reputation Measures in Food Safety in Malaysia for Feedmills The measurers adopted for food safety in Malaysia are various management techniques for the feed industry an integral part of the human food chain. The primary objective of all these measurers is to protect public health by controlling all forms of risks, hazards and residues in meat as effectively as possible. There is a whole host of risk measures that come into play when you look at feed and the human food chain and public health. The measures that are adopted for food safety are as follows: 1. Current good manufacturing practices documents No 32/4/97. 2. Guidelines on the use of mendicants in animal feeds – Documents 4/93. 3. Restriction / ban on certain additives. 4. Licensing of feed millers. 5. Food Act. 6. Amendments to sale of Drugs Act 1952. 7. Rotation of additives used in feed. 8. Biosecurity – pollution control. 9. Withdrawal feed. 10. National residue / quality surveillance programmes. 11. Re-amendment to Food Act. 12. Farm Accreditation Scheme. 13. Feed Act 2009 Farm Accreditation Scheme is a national programme implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) to recognise and accredit commercial Farm with good agricultural Practices, operate in an environment friendly way and yield products that are of quality safe and suitable for consumption. (14) It also encompasses and integrates the initiatives such as record keeping, farm management, biosecurity etc. For a farm to be accredited, several major aspects are evaluated. They are: a. Legal status of farm b. Environmental setting


5

c. Inputs for production d. Farming practices. e. Farm waste disposal f. Workers welfare – safety g. Quality of farm production Being a national programme the implementation involves several agencies within the MOA and also other masteries. This programme has made a humble but a significant step to make good farming practice among all farmers in the country and has also created a friendly environment for export to neighbouring countries. Measurers Taken By Government towards Safe Food A high powered National Food Safety and Nutrition Council consisting of 12 ministries whose duty are to act as an advisory body to the cabinet. The objectives of the council are: 1. Slogan “Safe food from farm to consumer”. 2. Ensure hygienic and nutritious food reaches consumers. 3. Compulsory food safety training programme for food handlers. 4. Deny licenses to those who fail to do so. 5. Food hygienic Regulation Act of 1983 – to be scrutinised and amended.

The body also holds routine discussions on quality assurance which consists of various internationally recognised programmes such as:- a. Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point. b. Good manufacturing practices c. Good Agricultural practices d. Good Animal Husbandry Practices e. Good bio-security practices. Under these all forms of integrated approach to enforcement issues related to food safety. Nutritional problems, unhealthy eating habits – will be addressed by a combined effort rather than by individual agencies. Feed Act 2009 was passed in Parliament an act to control quality of feed usage of feed additives and regulation on the usage and registration of feed additives. Role of Feed Millers in Food Safety Feedstuffs play an important role in maintaining the health of production animals and therefore of hums. This is based on the setting of so called ‘Feed Safety Objectives’ which make use of principles that relate to animal health, animal welfare, legal aspects of farm practices and human food safety objectives for products of animal origin. To produce safe animal feed it involves the use of Good Manufacturing Practices GMP and the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP). A general outline to the production of safe animal feed is presented in Figure 1.


6

Consumer – Demands Future demands on food Production The demand for food safety standards is increasing and human and environmental health concerns are posing a new challenge to our profession on issues of food safety, food security and trade in agriculture, are not just technical and economic matters. They entail conflicts over science evidence and values over the future of agriculture and food cultures over solutions to the hunger and malnutrition problem of the poor and over trade, market shares and competition. The future demands on food production are as follows. 1. Exclusion of rendered by products in feed. 2. Exclusion of animal fat 3. Salmonella codes of practice for poultry. 4. Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) – meat / milk / eggs 5. Restriction on use of Prophylactic and therapeutic use of medication in water and feed. 6. Exclusion of fishmeal in layer / breeder fed. 7. Restriction in levels of mycotoxin – pesticide residues – heavy metals. 8. Exclusion of antibiotic growth promoters in broiler feeds. 9. Segregation and exclusion of GMO. 10. Restriction on usage of recovered vegetable oils. 11. Exclusion of canthaxanthin from layer feed. 12. Bio-assurance programme. Conclusion Ensuring and managing food safety is a phenomenal task. Food safety has to be addressed throughout the food chain from food production, processing storage distribution and final


7

consumption. Ensuring safety is a multifactional and sectoral activity that involves numerous governmental and non-governmental agencies – the food industry itself the consumers and the scientific communities. Quality is no longer a word that can be used in the marketing sense. It is the question of transparency, traceability and accountability. To manage food safety and to produce safe food and to protect public health is a goal co-operation, commitment and collaboration shared by the feed industry, the livestock producers, and the consumers and by all stakeholders throughout the food chain. The challenges we are going to face in future must become our opportunities. We must work together as a chain and be strong. We must stick together to have the best food production system and must continue to make some issues non-competitive issues. Animal Welfare should lead the way and we must be the stewards of the animals that have been entrusted to us. We need to be progressive and remain in the business of producing the best food for the planet. By working together with a vision and action we will succeed, in achieving food security and food safety for all. References 1. Ahmad Nadzer Idris – Malaysia a Potential World Halal Hub, Malaysian Livestock and

Veterinary Industries Directory 2003 – 2004. 119 – 121. 2. Antoine Kabwit Nguz – Food Safety and International Trade – A Challenge for

Developing Countries. 7 – 20. 3. FAO – Food Safety at Risk in Asia and the Pacific – Feed Info 24/5/04. 4. Kyle Newman – Bioterrorism: How Real is the Threat? How Prepared is the Response?

Nutritional Biotechnology in the Feed and Food Industries. 25 – 31. 5. Kelly L. A., E. Hartnett et al Microbiological Safety of 26 Poultry Meat Risk Assessment

as a way forward. World Poultry Science Journal. Vol. 59, Dec’2003. No. 4. 495 – 508. 6. Lynn Frewer – Animals, Animals, Food and the Future – Consumer Perspectives. Feed

Info Service, 1 – 10. 7. Mirton L Boyle:- The Impact of Breeding on Products Quality – International Poultry

Production Vol. 12, No. 3. 15 – 19. 8. Managing Food Safety from International Poultry Production (Year 2001). 12 – 20. 9. Paul McMullin – Food Safety and Other Contemporary Industry Concerns. Poultry

International, Nov’2003. 33 – 36. 10. S. Notermans, H. Beumer – Ensuring Safety of Animal Feed. Feed Info Service. 1 – 11. 11. Raghavan V. - Towards Efficiency and Safety of Poultry Production and its Challenges –

Proc. 24th. MSAP – Conf. 19 – 23 May’ 2002. 16 – 28. 12. Raghavan V. – Food Safety Starts with Healthy Birds – Poultry International October

2002. 29 – 32. 13. Gerhard Flachowsky and Sven Danicke – The Impact of Feeds on the Safety of Foods in

Abstracts of Food borne Infections and Intoxications 5th World Congress – Berlin, 2004. 14. Malaysian Farm Accreditation Scheme – Standards and Quality News – March / April

2004.


8

3. PLENARY 2

OIE Performance of Veterinary Services (PVS) Pathway

And ItsImplementation In South-East Asia

*DR RONELLO ABILA

Sub-Regional Representative

OIE Sub-Regional Representation for South East Asia, c/o DLD, 69/1 Phaya Thai Road,

Ratchathewi 10400, Bangkok, Thailand

*[email protected]

Abstract

Key words: OIE South-East Asia, PVS, STANDZ

South East Asia has been at the centre of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) over the past

decade. The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and zoonotic avian

influenzas (H5N1 and H7N9), have mobilized governments, International and Multilateral

Organizations to come together to develop common strategies to fight against the threat of

EIDs.

The only way to prevent all these new hazards and be prepared to combat it whenever it

occurs is to strengthen health systems globally, both in the human health and veterinary

sector. The Veterinary Services (VS), including both their public and private sector

components, are in the front line for the prevention and control of animal diseases, including

those transmissible to humans. Critical for the effective implementation of this mission is to

ensure the existence of appropriate governance and legislation to support early detection

and response. To limit the spread of emerging or re-emerging diseases, including zoonoses,

there is a need to strengthen the capacity of countries to develop the necessary tools to

rapidly detect their presence and take the appropriate emergency actions to immediately

eliminate the disease at the source. Immediately eradicating an emerging disease as soon as

it occurs is the most economical strategy to prevent pandemics.

Given that the most effective way to control EIDs is to control and eradicate the disease at

the animal source, the OIE has put very strong emphasis in building the capacity of veterinary

services (VS) in managing EIDs. The OIE has developed Performance of Veterinary Services

(PVS) Pathway. The pathway is based on the internationally agreed OIE Standards for the

quality of VS which include four main steps - PVS Evaluation, PVS Gap Analysis, capacity

building and specific activities to address the gaps, and follow up missions to check the

improvements achieved and evaluate again the remaining gaps. The PVS Evaluation and PVS

Gap Analysis provide a strong basis for national assessment against OIE international

standards, priority identification of gaps and actions needed to overcome these gaps and the



9

resources needed to implement such actions. As of today, more than 120 countries have

already taken this step as part of the worldwide application of the OIE PVS Pathway.

The first step of the PVS pathway is OIE PVS evaluation, or the “diagnosis”. This involves a

country voluntarily requesting for an OIE trained and certified expert team to conduct a 2-3

week mission to comprehensively evaluate all aspects of their VS using the OIE Tool for the

Evaluation of Performance of Veterinary Services (OIE PVS Tool). This mission is designed to

assist the VS to establish their current level of performance, and to identify gaps and

weaknesses regarding their ability to comply with OIE international standards. The tool

measures four fundamental components of national VS: human, physical and financial

resources; technical authority and capability; interaction with stakeholders; and access to

markets. PVS evaluation has been a resounding success with approximately 120 countries

voluntarily taking this step as part of the worldwide application of the OIE PVS tool.

The PVS evaluation then forms the basis for follow up support in the form of a PVS Gap

Analysis mission, the second step or the “prescription”. Whereas the PVS evaluation focuses

on independent and objective assessment to international standards, the PVS Gap Analysis

mission uses a participatory approach to facilitate country owned planning based on a

careful integration of national priorities and the PVS evaluation results and international

standards. The PVS Gap Analysis goes as far as detailing specific tasks and providing

preliminary costings for planned activity.

The third stage, dubbed the “treatment” phase, incorporates the progression of the planning

of PVS Gap Analysis through to resourcing and implementation within the country to

strengthen VS. A suite of support and activity to this end is available including the

development of national VS Strategic Plans, using PVS pathway inputs to guide investments

by governments and/or partner agency and donor projects, and specific assistance from OIE

in priority areas such as VS legislation, education, veterinary statutory bodies and

laboratories.

The final phase of the PVS Pathway incorporates an in-built monitoring and evaluation

component to assess progress along the PVS Pathway via a PVS “follow up” evaluation. The

PVS tool is again used to provide consistent measurement against the original PVS evaluation

(“diagnosis”) benchmark, taking into account the planning, resourcing and implementation

activities that have taken place since. Following this, a further Gap Analysis planning mission

can be repeated and thus a “cycle of continuous improvement” can be developed for

sustainable and continuous VS strengthening. The beginning of a new phase or cycle of the

PVS pathway is estimated to be approximately 4-5 years, but this may be shorter or longer

depending on case by case factors such as internal planning cycles and evolving VS context

and needs.

Strengthening of partnerships between public and private components of the VS, including

those working in the academic and research institutions, are considered crucial for the


10

overall strengthening of VS. The OIE strongly encourage member countries to institutionalize

public-private partnerships, to work together in peace time to prepare for any animal health

emergency. Experiences from countries have shown that strong support from private sector

is essential for the success in any disease control program.

The OIE Sub-Regional Representation in South-East Asia is implementing a programme

funded by the Australian government, the Stop Trans-boundary Animal Disease and

Zoonoses (STANDZ), primarily to support the capacity building of veterinary services in the

sub-region. Under its component on Strengthening Initiatives for Veterinary Services

(STRIVES), the programme supports specific activities to overcome gaps identified in the PVS

Evaluation and Gap analysis. It also provides guidance to veterinary schools to improve their

curriculum through the application of OIE guidelines, specifically the Day-1 competencies

and the model veterinary curriculum.

In the Sub-Regional Workshop on the PVS Pathway conducted by OIE SRR SEA in Bali,

Indonesia on 28-30 April 2015, funded under the STANDZ programme, it revealed countries

which have undertaken PVS evaluations and Gap Analysis have made much progress in

improving their compliance to OIE and other international standards. This has been done by

addressing the gaps and shortcomings outlined within the PVS reports and through

implementation of the report recommendations.


11

4. PLENARY 3

Challenges to Wildlife Conservation In Malaysia: Threats And Legislations

*ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DR JAYASILAN MOHD-AZLAN

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology

Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak *[email protected]

Abstract

Malaysia is blessed in its rich biodiversity and regarded as one of 12 mega-biodiversity countries of the world. Malaysian tropical rainforests boast unique and endemic plant and animal species. Malaysia is also considered a leader among Southeast Asian countries with regard to conservation legislation and programs; it was among the first of the ASEAN countries to develop national conservation legislation, sign CITES, and develop a national conservation strategy. Many of these policies have led Malaysia to compose a protected-area-system covering over 12% of its land area, where many of the species of conservation importance occur in parks and reserves. Nevertheless the threats to biodiversity are persistent. This includes deforestation for urbanization, conversion of land use for farming or agriculture, and natural threats to ecosystems from forest fires as well as from hunting and the wildlife trade. Accelerated land conversion to oil palm and urban development has left residual biodiversity confined to protected areas and in human-modified habitats. With protected areas fragmented and isolated, any minor threats to these areas would potentially have stochastic impact on the biodiversity and thus the ability of species to persist within such remnants is an issue of concern. Some of these factors have also contributed in creating conflict between humans and wildlife. Increasing trends in wildlife related conflict, as well as more species being included in the IUCN Red List of Threatened species concern the conservation biologist. The need to protect and conserve habitat and species is mainly under the State’s jurisdiction. This has resulted in over 144 policies, act, ordinances, enactments, rules and legislations. Despite these policies and legislation, Malaysia is faced with notable challenge in balancing the demand between development and conservation. The major challenges in implementing the current policies and legislation are, staff shortages, financial constraints, and inconsistencies within protection legislations between Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak. Primary needs include a comprehensive review of these legislations and a nationalized strategy to ameliorate the shortcomings. These can be achieved with strong political will and support from various levels.



12

5. PLENARY 4

OIE and Animal Welfare: Stray Dog Population Control

*DR PENNAPA MATAYOMPONG

STRIVES Programme Coordinator, OIE World Organisation for Animal Health,

OIE Sub-Regional Representation for South-East Asia, c/o DLD, 69/1 Phaya Thai Road, Ratchathewi 10400, Bangkok, Thailand

*[email protected]

Abstract

Animal welfare is a complex and multifaceted issue, with scientific, ethical, economic, cultural, social, religious and political dimensions. Because animal health and animal welfare are critically related, the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) since 2000 has developed the standards covering the welfare of terrestrial and aquatic animals in key areas, such as production, transport and slaughter, working animals and laboratory animals. These standards are updated every year and all 180 OIE Member Countries undertake to promote them at national level, regardless of their cultural practices or economic situation. Another OIE animal welfare standard is for Stray Dog Population Control specified in the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code Chapter 7.7. The OIE recognizes the importance of controlling dog populations without causing unnecessary animal suffering and that dog population management is an integral part of rabies control programme. Therefore, the standard addresses methods that can be applied for the control of dog populations and the prevention of important zoonotic diseases, particularly rabies, in these animal communities. The recommendations include the procedures to deal with stray and feral dogs, which pose a serious risk to human health, animal health and animal welfare and have a socioeconomic and environmental impact in many countries. The principles relevant to the recommendations are: (1) the promotion of responsible dog ownership which can significantly reduce the numbers of stray dogs and the incidence of zoonotic diseases; and (2) the changes in human behaviour for dog population control to be effective as dog ecology is linked with human activities. In the development of a dog population control programme, it’s important to consider the sources of stray dogs, the estimation of existing number, distribution and ecology of stray dogs, the available regulatory framework and the available resources to authorities. The control measures according to the national context and local circumstances that could be implemented are: (1) education and legislation for responsible dog ownership; (2) registration and identification of dogs; (3) reproductive control; (4) removal and handling; (5) capture and return, rehoming or release; (6) environmental controls to exclude dogs from sources of food; (7) control of dog movement both within country and international movement; (8) regulation of commercial dog dealers; (9) reduction in dog bite incidence; and (10) euthanasia. These measures may be used in combination. However, euthanasia of dogs, if used alone is not an effective control measure. If used, it should be done humanely and in combination with other measures to achieve effective long term control. Furthermore, it’s important that all the parties concerned i.e. veterinary authority, other government agencies (public health, environment protection, etc.), private sector veterinarians, non-governmental



13

organisations, local government authorities and dog owners take their responsibilities and competencies for their roles and coordinate their activities with other agencies in implementing an effective dog population control programme. Besides, monitoring and evaluation of the programme will help improve performance, demonstrate if the programme achieves its aims and compare the success of standardised methods used in different locations and situations.


14

ABSTRACTS OF ORAL PRESENTATIONS BREAKOUT SESSIONS Saturday Afternoon

1 Conservation Stream


15

1. Wildlife Issues in Urban Environments

*ANTHONY SEBASTIAN

Borneo Futures borneofutures.org

*[email protected]

Abstract This presentation provides an overview of the numerous inter-related issues faced by humans dealing with wild animals in urban settings. The inter-connectivity between natural environments and human habitation has always existed, but has grown in the last 50 years. Human exposure to wild animals has subsequently increased, and the consequences are alarming. Avian Influenza, MERS and SARS are just a few examples of animal-human infections that challenge institutions responsible for human well-being. Wildlife trade has increased the world over, bringing with it serious economic and conservation consequences. Responding to increasing displacement of wild animal populations is also a challenge.

2. Zoonotic Primate Malaria: Spatial Distribution, Risk Factors For Infection And Genetic Diversity

*RSK SHARMA1, CL LEE1, AL JOHN1, P MAHALINGAM1, JRR JAPNING2, FT SITAM2, AR

BAHAMAN1, RA SANI1 AND B SINGH3

1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

2Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia, KM 10 Jalan Cheras, 56100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

3Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Jalan Datuk Mohd Musa, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.

*[email protected]

Abstract The primate malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi has recently been recognised as a major and fatal zoonotic pathogen in Southeast Asia, being transmitted from macaques to humans via Anopheles mosquitoes. The present study highlights aspects of this emerging zoonosis with regards to the spatial distribution patterns, molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of P. knowlesi infecting Long-tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 781 blood samples were obtained from wild macaques in 77 locations representing four different habitats; urban, sub-urban, plantation/orchards and secondary forest. Screening for P. knowlesi infection was conducted using nested PCR targeting the 18S SSU rRNA, while genotyping was based on the Circumsporozoite Protein (CSP) gene. The prevalence of P. knowlesi infection among the macaques was 13.4%. Macaques inhabiting plantations/orchards were the most infected, followed by sub-urban areas and secondary forest. All putative risk factors except gender, posed a significant risk for infection among the macaques. Genotyping of 192 P.




16

knowlesicspgene sequences revealed 25 haplotypes with 14 polymorphic sites. The nucleotide and haplotype diversities were high, but low geographic differentiation was observed. Three dominant haplotypes were widely distributed across the sampling locations. With the increasing destruction of forest habitats for human activities, wild macaques are driven closer to human inhabitations, thus narrowing the disease transmission interface. As such, it is necessary that public health personnel, including veterinarians, are aware of this fatal emerging zoonotic disease, in order to facilitate the implementation of better prevention and control measures in the country.

3. Melioidosis In Animals: What Have We Missed?

*YUWANA PODIN

Institute of Health and Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia

*[email protected]

Abstract Melioidosis is a potentially fatal disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei,a saprophytic bacteria that is found in the soil and freshwater of endemic areas. While melioidosis has been known to be endemic in northern Australia and Southeast Asia, B. pseudomallei has recently been detected in previously unreported countries in Africa and South America. Patients with melioidosis can present with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations including localized skin abscess, acute or chronic pneumonia, genitourinary, bone and joint infections, and severe systemic sepsis. Current fatality rate for melioidosis in Southeast Asia is up to 40% where mortality may increase to 90% for sepsis patients. The mode of acquisition of melioidosis is via percutaneous inoculation, inhalation or ingestion of B. pseudomallei contaminated wet soil, surface water or aerosols. In addition to humans, melioidosis may affect animals too. Cases of animal melioidosis have been documented globally involving a wide range of animal species including mammals, reptiles, avians, and captive marine mammals. Animal droppings have been suggested to play a role in the dispersal of B. pseudomallei in the environment, and the bacterium has been detected in scats from marsupials. In addition, B. pseudomallei has been isolated from the large intestine of a goat. This report explores further the characteristics of B. pseudomallei, its relationship with the environment, the extent of melioidosis in animals, and the knowledge gaps of the disease in the Malaysian context.



17

4. Endoscopic Gender Determination In The Critically Endangered Painted Terrapin (Batagur borneoensis)

*K VISHWANEE, M WATANABE, GK DHALIWAL AND RSK SHARMA

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia,

43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

*[email protected]

Abstract

Painted Terrapins (Batagur borneoensis) are critically endangered hard-shelled chelonians that can be found in large rivers and estuaries of Southeast Asia. Over the years, their population has declined dramatically due to international trading of live terrapins, consumption of eggs and meat, river pollution, habitat loss, and improper coastal and estuarine development. To ensure their survivability, various hatcheries have been set up at major nesting sites in the country in order to prevent poaching and predators. However, manual manipulation and artificial incubation of the eggs influences the incubation temperature, which is a vital factor for gender determination in chelonians. In this study, coelioscopy was carried out on 31 juvenile B. borneoensis that were artificially incubated at a turtle conservation hatchery on the east coast of the country, in order to characterize the external morphology of the gonads and to determine the gender. The terrapins were anaesthetized with ketamine (50mg/kg) and coelioscopy was performed using a rigid 2.7mm telescope with air insufflation. The gonads were easily visualized without complications. Endoscopic examination revealed that 96.8% (30/31) of the terrapins were females. This indicates improper incubation temperature and management of hatcheries leading to gender bias among the hatchlings. Coelioscopy is an efficient method for sexing juvenile chelonians and may be employed as a routine tool for gender determination in turtle conservation hatcheries.

5. The Influence Of Venipuncture Sites On Blood Parameter Values In Freshwater Turtles

*RSK SHARMA1, HMTAN1, A RASEDEE1, S SUMITA2 AND MT REZA3

1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia

43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture,

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 3Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan,

Locked Bag 36, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. *[email protected]

Abstract

Haematology and serum biochemistry evaluation are fundamental in the clinical assessment of chelonians. However, due to the extensive lymphatic vessel system in close proximity to superficial veins in turtles, there is a risk of haemodilution, leading to considerable variation in blood values among the different venipuncture sites. There remains a paucity of




18

quantitative information on the extent of this variation in tropical turtles. In this study, blood samples were collected from the dorsal coccygeal vein, brachial vein and subcarapacial venous sinus in six captive Giant Pond Turtles (Orlitia borneensis). Significant differences were detected among the three venipuncture sites in 12 out of the 32 parameters examined. Mean values for plasma protein, calcium, inorganic phosphate, total bilirubin, creatinine kinase, total serum protein, albumin, and uric acid were significantly higher in the samples from the brachial vein. There was also less variation in blood values using this venipuncture site. Erythrocyte and basophil counts, and cholesterol concentration were significantly lower in the samples from the subcarapacial venous sinus. Blood from the dorsal coccygeal vein produced significantly lower concentrations of glucose. These differences may be due to varying levels of lymph dilution of the blood samples. The data obtained from this study suggests that the brachial vein is the primary choice for accurate haematologic and serum biochemical analyses in freshwater turtles.

6. Growth Curve And Coat Colour Changes Of A Captive Bred Malayan Tapir (Tapirus indicus)

*DONNY, Y1, ZAINAL ZZ2, CHE KU MOHD ZAMZURI3, KHAIRIL AZA1, CWAR, SIMAA, NA1,

SITI AMINAH, Y1, MOHD ZULFADLI Z3, ENOS J3, HALID AJ3 AND JAMALUDIN MA3

1Wildlife Veterinary Section, Ex-Situ Conservation Division, Department of Wildlife and National Parks (DWNP), Peninsular Malaysia

2Borneo Rhino Alliance (BORA)

3Sungai Dusun Wildlife Conservation Centre, Department of Wildlife and National Parks (DWNP), Peninsular Malaysia

*[email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract The study involved a tapir’s female calf, born at the Sungai Dusun Wildlife Conservation Centre in Selangor. The body weight, chest girth, shoulder height and body length were recorded every two weeks for nine months. The Average Daily Gain (ADG) and Average Daily Increment (ADI) of body measurement were calculated. Coat colour of the calf was noted photographically every two weeks until the calf had completely lost the juvenile pattern. The results show positive correlation at significant level p<0.01 between the body weight, chest girth, shoulder height and body length. The Average Daily Gain and Average Daily Increment were high during early phase of growth and subsequently slowed from the sixth month. Meanwhile, the dark brown pelage and white striped coat turned into a band-like adult pattern at the age of 15 weeks. This information is vital in assessing the age and growth profile of Malayan tapirs. It provides a system for aging of Malayan tapir calves based on morphometrics especially for orphaned tapir calves from the wild and zoos. The system would also provide a means of assessing the normal growth of tapir calves.




19

8. Reef Balls – Passive Enforcement For Protection Of Marine Turtles

*RAMBLI BIN AHMAD, JAMES BALI, TOLOY KERIPIN MUNSANG AND

OSWALD BRAKEN TISEN

SARAWAK FORESTRY Corporation, Lot 218, KCLD, Jalan Tapang, Kota Sentosa,

93250 Kuching, Sarawak

*[email protected]

Abstract

Up to 1998, you can find up to 100 marine turtles turned up dead along the coast of Sarawak

every year. Most of the carcases were found along the beaches near Sematan, a mere five

nautical miles from the Pulau Talang-Talang Besar and Pulau Talang-Talang Kechil of Talang-

Satang National Park (formerly known as Sarawak Turtle Islands). We have always suspected

illegal trawlers being the culprit. The marine turtles congregate in the waters surrounding

the nesting beaches and islands, where they mate and rest during the nesting season. They

also ply along a predetermined migratory route that is also frequented by the trawlers.

Patrols were not always effective and as such, deployment of Reef Ball™ was identified as a

passive enforcement tool to combat the illegal trawling activities. Reef ball™, a dome-

shaped artificial reef patented by the Reef Ball Development Group Ltd., (USA), rips and



20

destroys the trawler’s net. Since then, the use of Reef Ball™ has proven to be very effective

in protecting the turtles and the turtles’ nesting habitats, feeding areas and migratory routes.


21


22


23


2 Production Stream


24

1. Haematological Changes And Electrophysiological Responses Of Goats Subjected To Road Transportation And Slaughter Without Stunning

*AZALEA-HANI, O1, RAZLINA, R1, U KAKA1, A ABUBAKAR2, JC IMLAN2,

AB SABOW2, RASEDEE, A1, NOORDIN, MM1 AND GOH, YM1

1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor 2Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400

Serdang, Selangor *[email protected]

Abstract

Transportation, handling and exposure to novel environment are the common contributors of stress in livestock farming. The assessment of animal stress and pain has evolved throughout the years to where a multidisciplinary approach comprising animal behaviour, physiological, and immunological parameters are used as the measures of animal welfare. Quantitative analyses of stress have been developed using electroencephalogram (EEG) and also several blood parameters. However, evidence of the correlation between these parameters is still lacking. This study was conducted with the aim to determine the effect of road transportation and slaughter without stunning on the EEG and haematological responses in goats. Eight goats of mixed breed were used in this study. Blood samples and EEG recordings were taken at various time points: at farm level with minimal handling as baseline value (T1); one-hour post transportation and arrival at novel environment (T2); immediately prior to slaughter (T3); and post slaughter (T4). The results showed increase in neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios and haematological parameters in T2 and T4 compared to T1. The EEG responses were indicative that the animals were stressed at T2, T3 and T4, supporting the stress leukogram observed. The stress of excessive handling during preparation for slaughter (T3) and the experience of slaughter pain (T4) were evident in the EEG activities when compared with T2. Further studies are still required to determine whether acclimatisation to novel environment and reduction of excessive handling can cause significant diminution in the experience of pain of the slaughter procedure in goats.



25

2. A Preliminary Study On The Acute Effect Of Consuming Goat Meat On Mildly Hypertensive Patients And Their Blood Lipid Profile

*MARNI S1,MUSTAFA AM2, ZAMRI C3, KHAIRUNNISAK, M1,MARZURA, MR1,

NOR FASIHAH AS4 AND SAIPUL BAHARI AR4

1Veterinary Public Health Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Services, Jln Nilai-Banting, Bandar Baru Salak Tinggi, 43900, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia

2Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

3Shimadzu-UMMC Centre for Xenobiotics Studies (SUCXeS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

4Diagnostic and Quality Assurance Division, Department of Veterinary Services, Putrajaya, Malaysia

*[email protected]

Abstract In Malaysia, existing public opinion on the effect of consuming goat meat which could contribute to high blood pressure, elevated blood cholesterol level and subsequent cardiovascular disease, has limited the growth of the small ruminant industry. The aim of this study, thus, was to investigate the effects of the consumption of goat meat on the hypertensive and lipid profile status. A total of 10 subjects were involved in the study; 5 men and 5 women. They were given a fixed amount of goat meat soup with 2 slices of bread and a cup of sugarless barley drink. Paired-sample t-test statistical analysis was used to compare whether there was a difference in the blood pressure between pre and post intake of goat meat. The results of the analysis do not support an association between goat meat consumption and increased risk of blood pressure and cholesterol level. Thus, this perception of goat meat consumption adversely affecting human health and contributing to cardiovascular diseases is incorrect.

3. Effect Of Dietary High Protein Bull Frog Meal Supplementation On Growth Performance, Feed Conversion, Blood Serum Chemistry, Liver And Kidney Function Markers And Plasma

Lipoprotein Activity In The Fish Oreochromis sp.

*L SHAMSUDIN, M HAAZIQ SAARI AND WAN ZAHARI MOHAMED

Fakulti Perubatan Veterinar, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kampus Kota, Pengkalan Chepa, Locked Bag 36, 16100, Khota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia

*[email protected]

Abstract The effects of dietary supplementation of high protein bull frog concentrate on the growth performance, feed conversion and lipoprotein activity in blood plasma were studied in tilapia (Oreochromis sp) fed with standard commercial diet with high saturated fatty diets. Fish meal supplemented with bull frog concentrate (BFD) resulted in better performance than only commercial diet. At the end of the experiment, there was no significant differences




26

between all fish groups in terms of their average final weights (p>0.05). No significant differences were observed in specific growth rate, feed conversion rate and weight gain. However, there were significant differences in terms of feed conversion rates between groups (p<0.05) and it was the highest in group BFD (1.28±0.191 fed with bull frog supplemented diets and the lowest in group CD (2.81±0.291) fed standard diet without the bull frog supplement. It has been shown that the best percentage specific growth rate (1.98±0.121%) and live weight gain (6.94±0.771 g) were recorded in group BFD fed with supplemented bull frog concentrate diet for 8 weeks of feeding. The results also showed that the levels of serum total cholesterol decreased more than 3 folds in the fish fed with bull frog concentrate (p<0.05). There were no significant changes in the levels of low density lipoprotein LDL, triglyceride TG and high density lipoprotein HDL; however there was a slight increase in the serum BUN and creatinine. The liver enzymes aspartate transaminase AST and alanine transaminase ALT did not show any significant change in the blood serum.

4. From Traditional Bird Nest Soup To Bioactive EBNᴿ

BABJI AS*, NURFATIN, MH AND ETTY SYARMILA, IK

Department of Food Science, School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

*[email protected]

Abstract Bird nest soups will retain its prestigious place as a food or starter for the privileged who believe in its inherent nutritional and health related properties. More than 50% of birds nest go to the waste or rejects known as ancuran or broken EBN. Research explores the use of biotechnology, using enzymatic hydrolysis to digest the indigestible major component called Glycoprotein. This results in EBN hydrolysate with glycan and polypeptides, oligopeptides and short chain tripeptides, which all have been proven to have functional benefits: antioxidant capacity, anti-aging, antihypertensive (ACE-I), a highly soluble hydrolysate with significantly improved digestibility with high DH, more peptide contents and higher ACE-I. Innovative technology enables the utilization of EBN low grade and residue to yield high functional EBN hydrolysate that can be used as a superior nutrient and rich and highly practical supplement.



27

5. Effects Of Preferences And Nutritional Values Of Local Bamboo Towards Growth Performance Of Captive Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) In Zoo Negara, Malaysia

*INIRAH CHE ISHAK1, JEFFERINE J. ROVIE-RYAN1, MAT NAIM RAMLI2, LI CAIWU3, YANG

HAIDI3, AHMAD NIZAM ZAINUDIN4, AKMAL HADI SAMSUDDIN4, MOHAMED FITRI MOHAMAD YUSOFF4, AZRENNIZAM IBRAHIM4, EDDIE AZWAR ABDULLAH4,

NOORMAH MIW ABDULLAH5 AND RAHMAT TOPANI1

1Ex-situ Conservation Division, Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Peninsular Malaysia, KM 10 Jalan Cheras, 56100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

2Veterinary Department of Zoo Negara Malaysia, 68000 Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia. 3Bifengxia Panda Base, Ya’an, People’s Republic of China

4Giant Panda Conservation Centre of Zoo Negara Malaysia, 68000 Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia.

5Veterinar Public Health Laboratory, Salak Tinggi, Bandar Baru Salak Tinggi, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia

*[email protected]

Abstract Two captive giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), named Fu Wa and Feng Yi were housed in the Giant Panda Conservation Centre, Zoo Negara Malaysia from 21st May 2014. These two pandas were observed for nutritional preferences over a period of seven months from 21st May until 31st December 2014 at the Zoo Negara Malaysia. Nutritional analyses were conducted on six local bamboo species which were fed to both pandas. It was evident in the present study that they preferred the culms of Dendrocalamus asper followed by culms of Bambusa vulgaris then bamboo leaves from Denderocalamus asper, Bambusa vulgaris f. waminii and Thyrsostachys seamensis. Their preferences towards these local bamboo species corresponded to the different nutrient values; There was high fibre in culms and high protein and fat in the leaves. The pandas were fed five times daily with at least 20 to 40kg of bamboo culms and leaves from the seven local species alternately to both pandas. The overall feeding behaviour established well and the growth performances were satisfactory suggesting that they successfully adapted to the feeding regime. Fu Wa showed an increase in body weight in accordance with the increase of food consumption throughout the year 2014. Feng Yi showed slight fluctuation of body weight due to her selective food behaviour and pseudo pregnancy behaviour which was exhibited in August 2014 echoing her first experience in giving birth in August 2013. The giant pandas were observed to be in good health, active and alert with these bamboo diets throughout the study period.



28

6. Multiple Clutching In Captive Grey Crowned Crane

*SYAHAR AMIR AGANI1,2, NUR HAMZANI HAMZAH2 AND HASLIZA ABU HASHIM3

1 Mybiosciencelab Sdn. Bhd.Lot 7, MITC City, Hang Tuah Jaya,75450 Ayer Keroh, Melaka, Malaysia

2 Langkawi Wildlife Park, lot 1485, Kampung Belanga Pecah,, Jalan Ayer Hangat, 07000 Langkawi, Kedah, Malaysia

3 Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

*[email protected]

Abstract A pair of Grey Crowned Cranes (Balearica regulorum) kept in captivity in Langkawi Wildlife Park, are among the older residents since the park began operations in 2002. The birds are free flying, forage and mix with other bird species in a closed aviary with a pond-like lake provided. From 2002 till 2013, only one chick has survived naturally to adult size. A few years back from 2013, the birds stopped egg production. In July 2013 the pair was observed to build a nest and eggs were laid. The young park’s educators tried the “Double- Clutching” or “Multiple- Clutching” egg management plan in an attempt to ensure the survivability of the birds conserved in the park. Four multiples of clutches or batches of eggs were successfully hatched from July 2013 to November 2013. Throughout this breeding session, 11 eggs were produced with 6 eggs “snatched” and artificially incubated. Ten eggs were fertile and 6 eggs hatched yet only one survived by hand raising. The last clutch was incubated by the parents, they hatched but the chicks were found dead few days later. The incubator-hatched chicks only survived between 4-36 days. The deaths observed were most probably due to an inapproppriate diet with concurrent joint illness and dehydration - these deaths need to be investigated thoroughly and addressed for survival of future chicks. In conclusion, the method of snatching eggs to promote multiple clutching in crowned crane can be done to ensure continued breeding in the birds.



29

7. Molecular Characterization Of Reptarenavirus (Malaysian Isolate) Using Partial L-Segment Amplification

*YUSUF ABBA1, HASLIZA HASSIM 2, HAZILAWATI HAMZAH1, YUSUF ILYASU1, OMAR EMAD

IBRAHIM 3, MOHD AZMI MOHD LILA 1 AND *MOHAMED MUSTAPHA NOORDIN1

1Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

2Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

3Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi Mara, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

*Corresponding authors: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract Reptarenavirus is the causative agent of Boid inclusion body disease of snakes. In this study, viral nucleic acid was detected from presumptive isolates propagated in cell culture using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers targeting the L-segment of the virus. The amplified PCR product was sequenced using Sanger sequencing and bioinformatics analysis was done using the MEGA 6.0 software. The PCR amplified a 489bp region of the reptarenavirus L-segment. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, the sequenced viral segment was closely related (>95% identity) with Boa arenavirus (Netherlands), University of Helsinki virus (Finland) and Unidentified Reptarenavirus (USA) isolated from different parts of the world. Further analysis of the deduced amino acids showed a closer association with the L-protein, L-polymerase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from the above viruses. The primers used in this study can be used in screening snakes imported for zoos and aquariums to prevent introduction of infected reptiles into the collection.




30


31


32

9. Preliminary Study On Classification Of Raw Cow-Milk Using ATR-FTIR Coupled With PCA From Peninsular Malaysia

*KETTY GSL1, KHAIRUNNISAK M1, FARIDAH I1, ROOSNOOR FH1, IZWAN I1, MARNI S1

ANDSAIPUL B AR2

1Makmal Kesihatan Awam Veterinar, Jalan Nilai-Banting, Bandar Baru Salak Tinggi, 43900 Sepang, Selangor

2Department of Veterinary Services Malaysia, Putrajaya *[email protected]

Abstract

A classification of raw cow-milk samples was done according to their geographical origin in Peninsular Malaysia by Makmal Kesihatan Awam Veterinar, Department of Veterinary Services Malaysia (DVS). The objective of this study was to determine the traceability of milk in relation to food quality and safety.Six hundred milk samples were collected from Perlis, Kedah, Perak, Selangor, Pahang, Negeri Sembilan, Melaka and Johor states by 26 Milk Collecting Centre under DVS. Scanning of the milk sample was done using 4100 ExoScan attenuated total reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) Spectroscopy (Agilent Technologies, USA) method coupled with multivariate principal component analysis (PCA). The ATR-FTIR spectra were analysed and regions of interest were found in between 2700.819 cm-1 and 2419.173 cm-1. Each spectral data was pre-treated using Spekwin32-spectrophotometer software version 1.71.6, 2012. Treated data were then analysed using PCA, which showed clustering of the milk samples towards their geographical origin up to district level. In conclusion, ATR-FTIR coupled with multivariate PCA alone has the potential for classifying the geographical origin of raw milk produced within Peninsular Malaysia.

10. Histopathological Observations Of Pulmonary Tissues From Respiratory-Associated Conditions In Caprine At Veterinary Research Institute For The Years 2013-2015

*SHAFARIN, MS1, AZIAN, NA B1, ALI, AS1 AND NURIZAN, A1,2

1Veterinary Research Institute, 59, Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 Ipoh, Perak;

2Research and Innovation Division, Department of Veterinary Services, Putrajaya. *[email protected]

Abstract

Respiratory disease is an important tropical condition of goats associated with changes in the respiratory organs which usually lead to pneumonia. Respiratory conditions can be categorised as pneumonic or non-pneumonic. This study was conducted to determine the extent of respiratory-associated conditions from lung tissues of goats in Malaysia by histopathological observation. A total of 73 lung tissues from goats from 2013 until 2015 with unclear history were examined by routine histopathological examination at the Veterinary Research Institute. The tissues were exclusively from lungs submitted and examined as diagnostic cases. The tissues were processed, examined and scored histologically. Results revealed that 86.3% of lung tissues examined had pneumonia and




33

were classified accordingly. The pneumonic conditions of the lung tissues were 49.2% mild, 39.7% moderate and 11.1% severe. The lung lesion scoring (pneumonia, pulmonary oedema and congestion) was made based on different categories of severity and it showed that 60% were moderate, 25% mild and 15% severe. Studies have found that pneumonia is one of the main sub-clinical diseases in goats even though they are clinically healthy. In conclusion, this study showed that most of the goats had a moderate lung lesion score with mild pneumonia patterns. Further research is required to specifically distinguish the type of pneumonia and correlate it to the isolation patterns of organisms.


34


35


36


3 Small Animal Stream


37

1. Case Studies in Feline Lymphoma

*GAYATHRI THEVI SELVARAJAH

Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia

*[email protected]

Abstract

Lymphoma is one of the most common malignancies in a veterinary practice. In cats, feline

leukemia virus (FeLV) has been identified as a biologic cause for development of malignant

lymphocyte transformation. In addition to FeLV as a causative factor of feline lymphoma,

epidemiologic evidence suggests that household environmental tobacco smoke may increase

the risk for lymphoma development in cats. Cats are commonly presented to the

veterinarian with symptoms of a general systemic condition such as depression, lethargy,

anorexia; enlarged lymph nodes (most often the submandibular and inguinal lymph nodes);

respiratory distress (pleural effusion due to mediastinal mass); masses anywhere on the

body from skin, retrobulbar or nasal and underdiagnosed gastrointestinal lymphoma with

non-specific gastrointestinal related symptoms. Feline lymphoma can be classified into

general types based on involvement of lymph nodes; whether nodal or extra nodal as well as

on specific cell types; whether B-cell or T-cell.

Representative cytologic or histologic samples collected from enlarged lymph nodes or other

affected organs should be evaluated to confirm the diagnosis of lymphoma. For most cats

with suspected or confirmed lymphoma, diagnostic evaluations, referred to as clinical

staging, should include a complete blood count, a serum chemistry profile, urinalysis,

thoracic radiography, and an abdominal ultrasonographic examination. For cats with anemia,

thrombocytopenia, or leukopenia, a bone marrow aspirate can be performed to assess for

neoplastic infiltration, although this is uncommonly done in cats. Although cytology is a quick

and acceptable means for diagnosing lymphoma, histologic evaluation of tissue samples can

provide additional prognostic information such as immunophenotype and histologic grade.

In cats, few reliable prognostic factors are recognized, with only initial response to therapy

being consistently identified to be predictive of survival time. The standard treatment for

canine lymphoma is vincristine, cyclophosphamide and prednisone, known as a COP-based

protocol or with the addition of doxorubicin, it is known as a CHOP- based protocol. In some

situations, radiation therapy may be useful when implemented in either an adjuvant or

palliative setting. Furthermore, radiation therapy used as a primary treatment modality for

solitary extra-nodal lymphoma, including nasal lymphoma in cats, can provide

rewarding,with durable clinical response.

Corticosteroids cause normal lymphocytes to undergo programmed cell death. Similarly,

corticosteroids induce cytolytic effects in lymphoid malignancies such as canine lymphoma.



38

Because of their lympholytic properties, corticosteroids such as oral prednisolone exert

therapeutic effects and can be used to treat lymphoma. Given prednisone's low cost, oral

formulation, and predictable and familiar side effect profile, veterinary practitioners may be

inclined to use single-agent oral prednisone to treat feline lymphoma. However, the single-

agent use of oral prednisone should only be instituted if pet owners, who have been

educated on their therapeutic options, actively choose not to pursue superior multi-agent

chemotherapeutic protocols, or reserved for cases where the cat is clinically not a suitable

candidate for cytotoxic chemotherapy delivery.

The chemotherapeutic protocols are composed of two distinct treatment phases referred to

as induction and maintenance. During the induction phase, dose-intense cytotoxic

chemotherapy is administered at frequent intervals over a relatively short time frame, killing

most viable cancer cells. After induction chemotherapy, lower dose intensity, long-term

chemotherapy called maintenance therapy is instituted to prevent or delay microscopic

tumour regrowth. Although maintenance therapy is well-tolerated, it necessitates long-term

follow-up treatments, which may be inconvenient and time-consuming for pet owners.

Furthermore, it is possible that administering chemotherapy over a prolonged period may

ultimately result in cumulative and irreversible bone marrow toxicity and develop drug-

resistant lymphomas that are refractory to traditional chemotherapeutic agents. Multi-agent

protocols provide superior response rates, disease-free intervals, and survival times when

compared with simpler single-agent protocols. For selected feline patients, using less

conventional antineoplastic drugs/ protocol called rescue therapy, may provide some clinical

benefit.

Because lymphoma commonly develops in cats, veterinary practitioners should be

knowledgeable on how to diagnose and the treatment options available. Prognosis in

untreated cats is unfortunately not more than 6 weeks. Median survival time in treated cats

is 6 months, as most cats tend to relapse. A personalized treatment for the individual case is

important to slow down the progression of lymphoma. Therefore, this interactive lecture will

review the diagnosis, treatment and outcome for a few cases of feline lymphoma.


39

2. Urine Protein To Creatinine Ratio In Cats With Urinary Tract Problems

*HAZILAWATI, H1, GRACE, LHW1, ROSLY, SM4, GOH, YM2 AND NOR ALIMAH, R3

1Haematology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathology and

Microbiology, 2 Physiology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Studies,

3University Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

4Animal Livestock Research Centre, MARDI Headquarters, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

*[email protected]

Abstract A total of 52 cats were randomly selected within a four-week study period. The cats were selected based on a proposive sampling method where urine samples from cats presented with clinical signs of feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) and/or renal insufficiency were collected. The concentrations of urinary protein and creatinine (diluted in ten-fold dilution), and serum urea and creatinine were analysed using an automated wet chemistry analyser. The ratio of urine protein to creatinine (UPC) was calculated using the standard formula (concentration of protein in the urine [g/L] x 8840 divided by concentration of creatinine in the urine [umol/L]). The cats were grouped into four groups (groups A, B, C and D) based on the presence or absence of azotemia and proteinuria, and result of the urine specific gravity (USG). The presences of RBC and WBC detected using urine dipstick test were also evaluated. Results showed the azotaemic proteinuric cats with USG less than 1.035 had UPC value of 3.7±2.6 (group D), while the non-azotaemic proteinuric cats with USG less than 1.035 had UPC value of 4.2±3.1 (group C). The concentration of urinary creatinine in both groups was lessthan10,000 umol/L. All cats in these groups were positive for haematuria and more than 70% were positive for pyuria. It is suggested that UPC value more than 3.7 in azotaemic cats is related to the proteinuric renal disease, regardless of the presence of active urinary sediment, and UPC value above 4.0 in non-azotaemic cats with active urinary sediment should be consistently evaluated for its persistency to further support the diagnosis of proteinuric renal disease. The non-azotaemic proteinuric cats with USG more than 1.035 showed UPC value of 1.9±1.0 (group B). The concentration of urinary creatinine was more than 20,000 umol/L. All the cats were positive for haematuria and more than 78% were positive for pyuria. It is suggested that this UPC value might suggest glomerular disease in non-azotaemic cats with no active urinary sediment. Howerver, in non-azotaemic cats with active urinary sediment, it could be also due to post-renal problems. Further diagnostic evaluation needs to be carried out for the confirmatory diagnosis of glomerular diseases. Group A cats, the non-azotaemic protenuric cats with USG more than 1.035 had UPC value of 0.9±0.3. The urinary creatinine concentration was above 30,000 umol/L, and as similar to the other groups, all cats in this group were positive for haematuria and 77% were positive for pyuria. The results highly suggested that proteinuria seen in these cats was due to post-renal problems.



40

3. Molecular Prevalence Of Feline Morbillivirus

HEMADEVY MANORAJ1,NUR HIDAYAH MOHD ISA2, KHOR KUAN HUA3, GAYATHRI THEVI SELVARAJAH3 AND *FARINA MUSTAFFA KAMAL2

1University Veterinary Hospital

2Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology 3Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia *[email protected]

Abstract

Feline morbillivirus (FmoPV) is a novel RNA virus classified under the genera Morbillivirus which is associated with feline tubulointerstitial nephritis lesions often present in chronic kidney disease. FmoPV has been recently detected in cats across Hong Kong, Japan, Europe and North America. A molecular screening study of FmoPV was conducted to determine the prevalence of this virus in cats. Blood and urine samples were obtained from 35 client-owned cats presented to the Universiti Veterinary Hospital-Universiti Putra Malaysia (UVH-UPM) and participating private veterinary clinics. Healthy and renal/urinary-diseased cohorts were included in this study to determine the association between kidney-related diseases with the presence of FmoPV. Assessments of serum urea-creatinine and urine specific gravity analyses were performed to determine the renal or urinary disease status in these cats. FmoPV detection was performed by amplifying 398-bp fragment of N gene of morbiliviruses using a two-step conventional reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain (RT-PCR) assay. From the total of 25 cats screened with blood samples, only one cat (4.0%) was positive for FmoPV. A total of 17/27 cats (63.0%) screened with urine samples were positive for FmoPV. One out of 17 cats (5.9%) was positive for FmoPV from both blood and urine samples. This is the first study to determine the presence and molecular prevalence of FmoPV in Malaysia with reported prevalence of 48.6%. No significant association was found between renal/urinary diseased cats and FmoPV (P=0.11) based on Chi square analysis. Further study investigating the presence of FmoPV in other states in Malaysia is warranted.

4. Retrospective Study On Feline Heart Disease In University Veterinary Hospital, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UVH-UPM) From 2013 - 2015

ZAKARIA AHMAD1, MALAIKA WATANABE2 AND *KHOR KUAN HUA1

1Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra

Malaysia, 43300 UPM Serdang, Malaysia 2Department Of Medicine & Companion Animal Surgery Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43300 UPM Serdang, Malaysia *[email protected]

Abstract

This restrospective study conducted in UVH-UPM revealed that the overall prevalence of cats diagnosed with heart disease was 1% (n=155/15,493) with an increased trend over the




41

period of 3 years. The mean age of the feline heart disease patient was 5.2 years (age range, 2-month to 20-year-old), more often seen in male (57%) compared to female (43%) cats. The two more common breeds presented with heart disease were Domestic Shorthair (54%) and Persian (26%) cats. Ten out of 155 heart disease cats were asymptomatic whereas the remaining were presented with varied clinical signs typical for congestive heart failure. The acquired heart diseases were more often diagnosed compared to congenital heart disease. Among the acquired heart diseases, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) had the highest prevalence at 47%, followed by dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) (18%), restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) (15%) and other types of heart disease (11%) (which consisted of pericardial effusion, aortic insufficiency, heart base tumor, and feline heartworm disease), myocarditis (7%), and congenital heart disease (2%). Based on the modified New York Heart Association (NYHA) Classification, majority of feline heart patients in this study were in Class II (n=52) and Class III (n=67), followed by Class IV (n=26); a minority was Class I (n=10). Echocardiography remains the best diagnostic tool compared to radiography, as radiographically normal size of heart does not rule out heart disease in cats.

5. Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM): Update

*KHOR KUAN HUA

Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia,

43300 UPM Serdang, Malaysia *[email protected]

Abstract

Feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary myocardial disease characterised by concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricular myocardium associated with diastolic dysfunction and arrhythmias. It is a complex disease with a unique pathophysiology, complex pattern of neurohormonal changes with great diversity of morphological, functional and clinical features (i.e. congestive heart failure, sudden death). HCM is caused by genetic mutation in particularly the Maine Coon and Ragdoll cat breeds that have a similar genetic mutation. HCM is acknowledged as an important cardiovascular disease in cats and a major challenge for veterinary clinicians in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Echocardiography is a necessary diagnostic tool to confirm and definitively diagnose HCM. Treatment of cats diagnosed with HCM is challenging and usually focuses on controlling signs of congestive heart failure, preventing occurrence or recurrence of systemic thromboembolism or preventing/delaying progression of pre-clinical disease. However, despite the success of several therapeutic agents to reduce specific aspects of the disease (i.e. arrhythmia or diastolic dysfunction), these treatments only act to delay or prevent progression of subclinical disease and enhance the quality of life, but are not a definitive cure and do not reverse structural changes in the heart. The characteristics of the HCM myocardium include myocardial fibre disarray, arteriolar mural hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis plus cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Recent findings suggest that inflammatory processes at the early stage of the disease may contribute to increased collagen content and myocardial fibrosis which is a feature of human HCM.



42

6. Diagnostic And Therapeutic Approach To Oral Cancers

*GAYATHRI THEVI SELVARAJAH

Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia

*[email protected]

Abstract not available at time of printing

7. The Effectiveness Of Locally Grown Indigenous Micro-Algal Strain Arthrospira sp Concentrate On Preventing High Blood Cholesterol In Cholesterol Fed Domestic Cats

*LOKMAN SHAMSUDIN, NURBILA M ROZAINI AND ABD RAHMAN AZIZ

Fakulti Perubatan Veterinar, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kampus Kota,

Pengkalan Chepa, Locked Bag 36, 16100, Khota Bharu, Kelantan *[email protected]

Abstract

This study was conducted to assess the anti-hyperlipidemic potential of a locally grown indigenous micro-alga strain of Arthrospira sp on cholesterol fed cats. Hypercholesterolemia was induced in cats by feeding them a cholesterol diet (HCD, 150 mg/d). The effects of supplementing the diet with 0.5 g/d of the locally grown alga was evaluated by measuring the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) at the start of the experiment and after 10, 20 d and 30 d study period. The kidney and liver functions of these cats were determined. The liver enzymes ALT and AST were evaluated to determine the possible injury incurred to the liver while the BUN and creatinine values were used to indicate the renal kidney damage. Male cats aged 1 year old (body weight, 2951±211.1 kg) were fed with the cholesterolemic diet. All data were statistically analysed using the two-way ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Comparison for the post-hoc test. The blood serum TC, LDL and TG had increased progressively and their values were significantly higher than the groups treated with the alga at day 30 (p<0.05). The alga concentrates had kept the serum TC, LDL and HDL within the normal range even after the 30 days of cholesterol feeding. HDL had remained unchanged in all groups throughout the study period. The results showed that the levels of serum cholesterol decreased more than two folds in the cats fed cholesterol with supplemented alga; however there was no significant reduction in HDL level. The addition of the supplemented alga to the cholesterolemic diet also did not cause any significant change on the levels of both liver enzymes ALT and AST as well as the BUN and creatinine levels. The outcome of the study showed that this microalga has the potential as anti-hyperlipidemic agent.




43


44


45

REGULATORY SESSIONS Sunday Morning

25th September 2016


46

1. Developing A Regional Action Plan For A Sustainable, High Quality Veterinary Workforce In ASEAN

*HELEN M AND KAMARUDIN MI

Malaysian Veterinary Council, Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and

Agro-based Industries, Wisma Tani, Lot 4G1, Blok Podium, Precinct 4, 62630 Putrajaya *[email protected]

Abstract

High quality of veterinary education and enabled veterinary statutory bodies are keys to producing competent and well-equipped veterinarians. They, in turn, shall define the future of a country’s Veterinary Services and its global preparedness to adapt and respond to evolving trends in trade, threats, policies, and technology. The OIE has continuously worked over the years in developing and promoting initiatives to improve VEEs and VSBs globally in recognition of the critical roles of the Veterinary Educational Establishments (VEE) and Veterinary Statutory Bodies (VSB) for the advancement and sustainability of the Veterinary Services of its Member Countries. The OIE also has developed guidelines on competencies for graduating veterinarians; the Veterinary Core Curriculum and Twinning Projects for VEEs and VSBs, with advancement of the Veterinary Services globally as the core and the International Standards as its anchor. Through global conferences on Veterinary Education and Veterinary Statutory Bodies which have fostered global recommendations for the improvement of VEEs and VSBs around the world, the OIE is able to share and disseminate information which can be adopted and this has contributed to a global drive towards improving the veterinary profession. Discussions at sub-regional level relating to the ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services (AFAS), Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA) and ASEAN Qualifications Reference Framework (AQRF) is ongoing among ten (10) ASEAN Member States (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam). This is in view of the upcoming ASEAN Economic Community 2015 which is relevant to the potential free movement of the practice of veterinary profession in the region.



47

2. Regulating The Veterinarians And Para-Professionals In The Public And Private Sectors: Impact To The Veterinary Services In Malaysia

*HELEN M1, MERAWIN LT2, CHOO PY1, NOOR MN1 AND KAMARUDIN MI1

Malaysian Veterinary Council1, Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industries, Wisma Tani, Lot 4G1, Blok Podium, Precinct 4, 62630 Putrajaya

Ibu Pejabat Jabatan Perhilitan2, Km10, Jalan Cheras, 56100 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur *[email protected]

Abstract

The Malaysian Veterinary Council is striving towards an inclusive legislation in veterinary practice for veterinary surgeons together with veterinary para-professionals. This move is in tandem with global trends and with the commitment of Malaysia as a country member of the OIE (Office International des Epizooties - World Organization for Animal Health) under Article 3.2.12 of the Terrestrial Animal Health Code (TAHC). There is a need for the profession to either amend or to develop a new legislation as the current Veterinary Surgeons Act 1974 cannot meet current needs and issues faced by veterinary surgeons. These include making provision for continuing professional development requirements, recognition and registration of veterinary specialists, expanded fields of veterinary practice, national accreditation and qualification criteria to international standards, enhanced veterinary standards of practice, formation of veterinary corporate bodies and the addressing of weaknesses in the investigation and prosecution of non-registered persons practicing veterinary medicine. In addition there are no provisions for the recognition, registration and practice of veterinary para-professionals. The delegation of responsibility in veterinary services, for the performance of a defined range of veterinary interventions to para-professionals under the 'supervision' or 'direction' of a registered veterinarian needs to be enacted. The proposed definition of 'supervision' in law offers an opportunity to overcome the fear of compromising standards of delivery of veterinary services through the deployment of para-professionals. The changes in legislation will also require that veterinary para-professionals shall be subject to professional conduct and ethics, disciplinary misconduct and continuing professional development (CPD). These changes are vital to improve the image of the veterinary profession and the veterinary industry in Malaysia.



48

3. A Preliminary Workforce Review On The Veterinary Profession In Malaysia

*HELEN M1, MERAWIN LT2, CHOO PY1, NOOR MN1 AND KAMARUDIN MI1

Malaysian Veterinary Council1, Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industries, Wisma Tani, Lot 4G1, Blok Podium, Precinct 4, 62630 Putrajaya

Ibu Pejabat Jabatan Perhilitan2, Km10, Jalan Cheras, 56100 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur *[email protected]

Abstract

Since the advent of the current Veterinary Surgeons Act of Malaysia which came into force on 30th July 1974, little overview information on various aspects of the veterinary profession has been published. This preliminary review is done to provide information on the a) demographics, qualifications and employment distribution of veterinary surgeons and b) to identify the primary factors associated with veterinary surgeons’ choices in their contribution towards veterinary services in Malaysia. The review is part of a comprehensive study to provide insights into the current and future scenario on veterinary surgeons, challenges, service expectations of both the public and veterinary profession, practice standards and needs for the evolution of a structured trained veterinary para-professionals workforce to support the strengthening of the veterinary practice profession. The review also discusses the projected supply of veterinary surgeons over the next 5-10 years and additional work to be undertaken to provide additional insight into strategic planning for the Malaysian veterinary profession’s future. Statistical review suggests that despite increasing numbers of practicing veterinary surgeons by 2.43% per annum, demand generally outstrips supply. The private practice sector especially the companion animal practice has dominated at 49% of total vets, compared to food animal industry practice of 17% by the year 2016. This trend is not unique to Malaysia, as both the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) and the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS) reported ≥ 60% of their practitioners serve as small animal practitioners, while 10% to 15% service the food animal industry.



49

4. FORUM ON ANIMAL WELFARE ACT 2015 (Two papers followed by Discussion)

PAPER 1

The Animal Welfare Act And Its Implications For The Veterinary Surgeon

DATO’ DR QUAZA NIZAMUDDIN HASSAN NIZAM AND DR MARZUNA MDYUNUS

Department of Veterinary Services Ministry of Agriculture & Agro-Based Industry Malaysia

Wisma Tani, Block Podium, Lot 4G1, Precint 4 Federal Government Administrative Centre, 62624 Putrajaya

Abstract

The Animal Welfare Act 2015 was gazetted on 29th December 2015. Currently there are 10

regulations being prepared to complement the Act. In addition, 15 related Codes of Practice

are also being finalised. The Act is expected to be enforced from 2017. Animal Welfare Act

2015 is an Act to promote animal welfare and responsible animal ownership. It is regulated

under the jurisdiction of the Animal Welfare Board. Under this act, to carry out 13 specific

animal associated activities, a License needs to be obtained from the Animal Welfare board.

The Animal Welfare Board will appoint Animal Welfare Officers to carry out its function.

Offences under this this Act as prescribed under Section 15, 24, 29 and 30 and will result in

fines ranging from RM20,000 and up to RM100,00 or imprisonment for not more than three

years. Although the act prohibits killing of animals except by the veterinary authority in well-

defined situations, a registered veterinary surgeon has authority under section 30 of this Act

to destroy an animal if it is certified in writing to the Animal Welfare Officer/Board there is a

justifiable need , not listed in section 30. In section 34, a veterinary surgeon is provided the

powers to destroy an animal in distress. In section 35 if any animal requiring treatment or

care is seized by officers of the AWB, a court may order specific treatment to be

administered to the animal by a registered veterinary surgeon. Veterinary surgeons are also

involved in section 26 for animals used in research, testing or teaching. Hence veterinarians

have clear roles in the enforcement of the Animal Welfare Act.


50

PAPER 2

Animal Welfare: Basis For Freedom From Suffering

DR SARAVANAKUMAR SUPRAMANIAM AND DATO’ DR QUAZA NIZAMUDDIN HASSAN NIZAM

Department of Veterinary Services

Ministry of Agriculture & Agro-Based Industry Malaysia Wisma Tani, Block Podium, Lot 4G1, Precint 4

Federal Government Administrative Centre, 62624 Putrajaya

Abstract

This case study is about a seventeen year old grey horse, rescued and under treatment. Presented with body score of 1 based on the Henneke scale, extremely emaciated; no visible fatty tissue; vertebrae, ribs, tail head, and bones of withers, shoulder, and neck were visible. All legs showed signs of low heel foot, with long toes. Melanoma was detected along the base of the tail. At the rear left leg, the stifle was swollen and showed signs of lymphadenitis. There were also signs of laminitis. There were wounds on both parts of the legs and evidence of hyper salivation and wind sucking. After the physical examination, evaluation was conducted from the standpoint of animal welfare. From Animal Welfare Guidelines, the horse should have been to put to sleep earlier to reduce its suffering as it was not getting appropriate management. However, the clinician continued to treat, claiming that as long as the horse was not a downer, it had to be treated. This paper highlights issues raised between animal welfare to end an animal’s life of unrelieved suffering, or to continue to treat animals simply to preserve life, however painful and unlikely to improve. The Animal Welfare Act 2015 was enacted to promote the welfare of animals and responsible ownership of animals. It is based on one of the five universal principles of animal freedom, which is ‘Freedom From Suffering’. Part VI of the Act describes the provisions for animals in distress. Hence it is necessary and important that veterinary practitioners understand the requirements under the Act and at the same time be able to harmonise with the need to either treat animals or to end their suffering.


51

5.FORUM ON PROPOSED VETERINARY PRACTICE BILL

A Presentation and Discussion Led by DR PAUL CHELLIAH SUPPIAH

Malaysian Veterinary Council Member

Abstract not available at time of printing


52


53


54

ABSTRACTS OF POSTERS


55

CASE REPORT

1. Case Report Of Complicated Chronic Respiratory Disease CCRD In Village Chickens

*NORHAFIZA, H1,SHAFARIN, MS1, ENIE, AA3, AZAHAR-MALEK, A4, ASNIZA, S1, AZIAN, NA B1,

ALI, AS1, WAN-NORMAZIAH, WOB.1 , GEETHAMALAR, S1 AND NURIZAN, A1,2

1Veterinary Research Institute, 59, Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 Ipoh, Perak; 2Research and Innovation Division, Department of Veterinary Services, Putrajaya;

3Pejabat Veterinar Daerah, Tapah, Perak 4Pejabat Veterinar Daerah, Kampar, Perak

*[email protected]

Abstract Complicated Chronic Respiratory Disease (CCRD) in chickens is one of the important diseases of the poultry industry which causes an economic impact to the country. A total of seven 9-week-old village chicken carcasses from the same flock were submitted for necropsy. The chickens had been noticed dull, inappetant and were producing whitish faecal discharges. Lesions were found in almost all organs of the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Air-sacculitis with presence of whitish nodular lesions at the air sacs, tracheitis and pneumonia were the prominent lesions in all carcasses. Other lesions were in livers and kidneys. The organs were collected and submitted for bacteriology, mycology, virology and histopathology diagnostic workouts. Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Avibacterium paragallinarum and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale were isolated from air sacs and lungs. A few isolates of Escherichia coli sp. from kidneys, lungs, livers and air sacs were grown. On histopathology, there were numerous lesions of chronic inflammatory change of lungs and air sacs. Grocott’s stain was positive in lung and air sac tissues, indicating fungal elements were present. Based on type and distribution of gross pathology lesions, bacteria isolated and standard and special histopathological findings, the chickens were diagnosed to have Complicated Chronic Respiratory Disease (CCRD).

2. A Case Report Of Avian Leucocytozoonosis In A White Leghorn

*SHAFARIN, MS1, ADNAN, AS1, SURIANI, MN1, NORHAFIZA, H1, ASNIZA, S1, AZIAN, NA B1, ALI, AS1, WAN-NORMAZIAH, WOB1 , GEETHAMALAR, S1 , JASNI, S2 AND NURIZAN, A1,2

1Veterinary Research Institute, 59, Jalan Suttan Azlan Shah, 31400 lpoh, Perak

2Research and Innovation Division, Department of Veterinary Services, Putrajaya 3Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan

*[email protected]

Abstract Avian Leucocytozoonosis is a vector borne disease caused by Leucocytozoon belonging tothe suborder Haemosporidia which leads to economic losses in the poultry industry. Aneight-week-old male White Leghorn carcass with a history of sudden death was submittedfor necropsy. The lesions were found in almost all organs in the abdominal and thoraciccavities.




56

Petechial and ecchymotic haemorrhages were the prominent lesions. Petechialhaemorrhages were found in comb, wattles, pectoral muscles, thigh muscles, spleen, lung,kidneys and intestines. Other lesions included presence of greenish to yellowish intestinalcontent. The organs were submitted for laboratory examination. All organs were positive forLeucocytozoon sp. (stage II) upon impression smear. On histopathology, there werenumerous schizonts and merozoits of a Leucocytozoon sp. The case was diagnosed asLeucocytozonosis based on gross pathology lesions, appearance of blood stages andhistopathology.

3. Surgical Correction Of Atresia Ani In Kedah-Kelantan Calf

*CO CHE OMAR

Kota Bharu Veterinary Centre, Pt 267 Tunjung, 16020 Kota Bharu, Kelantan *[email protected],[email protected]

Abstract

Atresia ani is a congenital defect of newborns and occurs in the ruminant industry in Malaysia. A calf will unable to pass feces due to non-existence of an anus since birth. Atresi ani is an inherited abnormality. This case report is on a 3-day-old Kedah-Kelantan calf presented as it had not produced feces since birth, and was showing inappetance and lethargy. The following day, surgery to relieve the atresia ani was performed over 45 minutes under general anaesthesia. On the first day post surgery the calf was able to defecate through the new opening. This technique was effective and can save the life of newborn calves until the salable age. However, in developed countries they do not practice this salvage technique but will cull any calves born with deformities or imperfections.

4. Canine Extractions In Pig-Tailed Macaque (Macaca nemestrina)

*CO CHE OMAR

Kota Bharu Veterinary Centre, Pt 267 Tunjung, 16020 Kota Bharu, Kelantan *[email protected],[email protected]

Abstract

In Kelantan, pig-tailed macaques are reared to work at picking coconuts. By necessity these trained macaques live in close proximity to humans. With increasing age, the size of the macaque’s canine teeth will increase and so will the risk of the animal biting the owner and humans around him. This case report is on a macaque, over the age of 4 years, which reportedly bit 4 keepers. It was referred to KBVC to remove its canine teeth. The extractions were made under general anesthesia and were completed in an hour. The macaque recovered well and was reported to be eating and drinking as usual the day after surgery, and was working on the third day post surgery. The authors recommend that all working male pig-tailed macaques of age 2 years and above should have either their upper or lower canine teeth extracted as this dental procedure may reduce the risk of owners being bitten by the macaques.

mailto:*[email protected]





57

DISEASE SURVEILLANCE

5. Isolation And Molecular Characterization OfBrucella abortus And Brucellamelitensis

From Specimens Received by Regional Diagnostic Laboratory At Bukit Tengah, Malaysia

*THENAMUTHA, M1, ZAKIAH, MD1, AZIZUL, O1, MASWATI, MA1AND SAIPUL BAHARI AR2

1Makmal Veterinar Kawasan Bukit Tengah, Peti Surat 63, 14007 Bukit Mertajam, Pulau Pinang

2Department of Veterinary Services, Putrajaya *[email protected]

Abstract

A study was carried out to report the sequence and phylogenetic analysis of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis by using molecular techniques from specimens submitted to the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory at Bukit Tengah, Malaysia. This study was done to identify and genetically characterize the Brucella organisms isolated from specimens submitted for routine diagnosis from the field using molecular analysis based on IS711 sequence comparing local and international isolates accessed through the GenBank. A total of 31 specimens from animals had isolates of Brucella species and were characterized phylogenetically. The isolates were amplified by PCR, directly sequenced and compared genetically to published sequences, which were obtained from GenBank. The most common Brucella species that was found in both bovine (76.5%) and caprine (85.7%) through diagnostic cases was Brucella melitensis. PCR and sequencing were used to confirm positive with 76.5% for Brucella melitensis, 23.5% for Brucella abortus and23.5% for mixed infection from the total of 17 bovine specimens. In caprine, the detection of Brucella melintesis and Brucella abortus showed 85.7% and 21.4% respectively meanwhile total mixed infection showed 21.4%. The clustering between local isolates of Brucella melitensis was phylogenetically related to other Asian countries such as Singapore, Yemen and Saudi Arabia. The Neighbour Joining Analysis clustered the Brucella abortus local isolatesfor both bovine and caprine most closely to India, Iran, Italy and USA. Interestingly, all the isolates within Malaysia have a close relationship (>95%) with a low level of genetic diversity. When local isolates are compared to GenBank data, it gives an indication on the possible sources of these infections and will aid in import and export policies of Malaysia.



58

6. A Study On The Awareness On Periodontal Care In Cats Amongst Hospital Veterinar Kuala Lumpur Clients

*NURAZREEN, Z, MUHAMMAD-NAZRI, K, MUHAMMAD-SYAZWAN, MS, AZJEEMAH-BEE, SH

AND KAMALA, R

Department of Veterinary Services Kuala Lumpur, KM 4, Jalan Selar 4, off Jalan Cheras, 56100 Kuala Lumpur

*[email protected]

Abstract

Periodontal disease is a frequently acquired oral disease in cats. Multiple factors such as oral hygiene, diet, and awareness can help in preventing the development of periodontal disease in cats. Knowing about periodontal disease is vital in the first place. This study has involved 51 cat owners that came to Hospital Veterinar Kuala Lumpur (HVKL) randomly. Questionnaires were given to all respondents to evaluate their awareness on periodontal disease and oral hygiene practices for their cats. Results revealed that only six owners (11.76%) had at least a minimal knowledge on feline periodontal disease whilst 45 owners (88.23%) did not know anything about periodontal disease. Amongst those owners with knowledge on periodontal disease, only four owners (7.84%) had heard of oral ulcers and two owners had heard of gingivitis (3.92%). 45 owners (88.23%) had never practiced any oral care on their cats, while six owners (11.76%) had some oral care regime such as; oral rinse (3.92%), rubbing teeth with cloth (5.88%) and brushing (1.96%). Nine owners (17.65%) brought their cat for treatments or check-up because of periodontal lesions while 42 owners (82.35%) presented cats for other reasons. 33 owners (64.7%) provide food ad-libitum to their cats, while 18 owners (35.29%) provided food 2 to 3 times daily. 24 owners (47%) offered their cats kibbles, 18 owners (35.29%) offered their cats a mixture of wet and dry food, whilst another 9 owners (17.64%) offered only wet food to their cats. This study implies there is notable lack of awareness on periodontal care among cat owners that came to HVKL. Client education should be in place to make pet owners aware of their responsibilities in owning companion animals. An intensive study ought to be done to assess the awareness level in the country; to have real picture amongst our pet owners.

7. Government Abattoir Wastewater Characteristics Analysed At The Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Sepang, Malaysia

*TAN TL1, **ROSLAN MY1AND SAIPUL BAR2

1Central Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Bandar Baru Salak Tinggi, Sepang, Selangor 2DVS Putrajaya

Corresponding authors: *[email protected]; **[email protected]

Abstract Slaughterhouse wastewater contains diluted blood, protein, fat, and suspended solids; as a result the organic and nutrient concentration in this wastewater is variable. The residues are partially solubilized, leading to a highly contaminating effect in riverbeds and other water


mailto:Corresponding%20authors:%20*[email protected]

mailto:**[email protected]


59

bodies if it is let off untreated. This study was carried out to identify the wastes eluded at a local abattoir especially the wastewater effluent and to assess compliance with Environment Quality Act, 1974. The evaluation of waste products was done by observing the slaughter activities as well as analysing waste samples collected from the Banting Abattoir managed by the Department of Veterinary Services. The wastewater discharged consisted of rumen content, blood and manure. The characteristics of physical and chemical parameters that were determined included pH, temperature, Turbidity, Total suspended solid (TSS), Dissolved oxygen (DO), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Total Phosphorous, Ammoniacal Nitrogen and Oil and Grease (O&G) based on standard methods APHA procedures. The physical mean values of Total Suspended Solids were 667 mg/l whereas BOD5 and COD were 457 mg/l and 1665 mg/l respectively. These were higher than the DOE (Malaysia) permissible limits of 100 mg/l for TSS, 50 mg/l BOD5 and 100 mg/l COD for the discharge of wastewater regulations. From the results of this study, the abattoir wastewater was found to contain high levels of pollutants. Based on these findings, the abattoir wastewater should be monitored from time to time in order to prevent environmental pollution and reduce health hazards caused by abattoir wastewater contamination.

8. Isolation And Identification Of Bacteria From Agricultural Waste

*M AZLAN J1, NURZILLAH M2, NORLINDAWATI AP2, M NOOR I2, TAN TL1, MARLIAH A2 AND NURHASLINA AR3

1Central Region Veterinary Laboratory, Jalan Nilai Banting, Bandar Baru Salak Tinggi, 43900

Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Malaysia Veterinary Institute, KM13 Jalan Batu Pahat, Beg Berkunci 520, 86009 Kluang,

Johor, Malaysia 3Institute of Medical Science Technology (UniKL MESTECH), A1-1, Jalan TKS 1, Taman Kajang

Sentral, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia *[email protected]

Abstract

Bacterial isolations and identifications are widely used especially in clinical microbiology, microbial forensics, criminal investigations, environmental studies, biotechnology and in research. Conventional methods of bacteria identification are based on the phenotypic techniques based on profiling either an organism's metabolic attributes or some aspect of its chemical composition. More recently PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing has played a pivotal role in the accurate and faster identification of bacteria. This study was conducted to identify the species of bacteria that lives in three different types of agricultural waste; Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB), Rice Straw (RS), and Fruit Waste (FW) using conventional microbiology biochemical tests and also molecular techniques PCR 16S rRNA Universal Amplified ribosomal Region (UARR) sequencing. A total of 72 agricultural waste samples were examined. The samples were first cultured routinely on BA and MA and incubated for 18-24 hours at 37oC. The colonies were sub-cultured to obtain pure colonies and were again incubated for 18-24 hours at 37oC. Biochemical tests were carried out only on pure colonies and this was followed by PCR 16S rRNA sequencing. Several bacteria were successfully identified; Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphyloccoccus sp., and Escherichia coli. Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were



60

the most significant bacteria identified,while Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Staphyloccoccus sp. are significant. As for Escherichia coli is least significant.

9. Biting Flies Dynamics In Livestock Farm In Perak

*ERWANAS AI1, NURULAINI R1, CHEE, WK1, ADNAN M1 , LILY ROZITA, MH1, DEBBRA,M1, AZIMALAILI, H1, AZIZAH, D1 AND YAHASMIDA, Y2

1Veterinary Research Institute, 59, Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah,31400 lpoh, Perak, Malaysia

2Department of Veterinary Services Selangor,Lot 2, Jalan Utas 15/7, 40630, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

*[email protected]

Abstract Trypanosomiasis caused by protozoa of the genus Trypanosoma is mechanically transmitted toruminants by biting flies. In this study, the NZ and Vavoua traps were used to survey thepopulation of biting flies such as stable flies (Muscidae: Stomoxyinae) and horse flies(Tabanidae) from livestock farms around Perak. Results indicated the presence of Musca sp.andHaematobia sp. which able to transmit Trypanosomiasis. Trypanosomiasis can becontrolled by reducing the number of biting flies by using flytraps, especially during the rainyseason when there is high morbidity and mortality in herds. Usage of flytraps is suggested forcontrolling flies in environment, for collection of intact flies for identification purposes as well asfor reduced use of insecticidal chemicals.

10. A Survey Of Parasite Pathogens In Stray Dogs

*PREMAALATHA, B1, CHANDRAWATHANI, P2, JAMNAH, O1, ZAINI, CM1, MARIAPPAN, C3 AND NURIZAN, A1

1Veterinary Research Institute, 59 Jalan Suttan Azlan Shah, 31400 lpoh, Perak

2Department of Veterinary Services, Putrajaya , Kuala Lumpur 3Department of Health and Environment, Kuala Lumpur Munipal Council, Kuala Lumpur

*[email protected]

Abstract Stray dogs are carriers to several zoonotic diseases such as leishmaniasis and caninemonocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) as a result of poor nutrition, low hygienic conditions and lackof veterinary care. The diseases associated with these dogs, can pose as a risk to thegeneral canine population as well as humans through vectors such as ticks , mites andfleas. Thus, the Veterinary Research Institute (VRI) conducted a survey to determine theparasite pathogens such as blood protozoans, gastrointestinal parasites and ectoparasitesin stray dogs. The study was conducted with the collaboration of Kuala Lumpur City CouncilPest Control Unit, whereby a total of 20 stray dogs, of which 10 females and 10 males werecaught around Pasar Pudu and Chow Kit, and autopsied. Skin, organ, faecal and




61

bloodsamples were analysed and results indicate that Babesia gibsoni, Ehrlichia canis,Hepatozoon canis and microfilaria of Dirofilaria immittis are the common parasites speciesfound in the blood and organ samples. The faecal floatation technique showed the presenceof helminth ova such as Trichuris, Ancylostoma and Toxocara sp. All skin samples werepositive for Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks. As strays are closely linked to human habitatssuch as market and housing areas, it is vital that stray population control is strategicallyimplemented to safeguard these common zoonotic infections from spreading to humans.

11. Parasitic Infections In Various Animal Species: Diagnostic Information From Regional Diagnostic Laboratory Bukit Tengah From 2013 To 2015

*KHOR SOCK KUN1, JAMAIYAH MAT ISA1, JAMAL HASSAN MN1, MASWATI MAT AMIN1 AND

SAIPUL BAHARI ABDUL REE2

1Regional Laboratory Bukit Tengah, Department of Veterinary Services, 14007 Bukit Mertajam, Penang, Malaysia

2Director of Diagnostic and Quality Assurance Division, Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture & Agro-Based Industry Malaysia, Wisma Tani, Block Podium, Lot 4G1,

Prescint 4, Federal Government Administrative Center, 62624 Putrajaya, Malaysia. *[email protected]

Abstract

This is a report of parasitic diseases in Penang, Kedah, Perlis and Northern Perak diagnosed from samples obtained from various animal species which were sent to the Regional Laboratory Bukit Tengah (RLBT) in 2013 to 2015. A total of 240 cases (2013), 255cases (2014) and 243 cases (2015) were received. Routine diagnostic tests were done to establish the incidence of positive infections in local farms by OlE recommended and prescribed test for international trade. Over the past three years, a total of 6405 samples were found positive for various parasitic infections such as helminthiasis, coccidiosis, Theileria, Anaplasma, endoparasites and ectoparasites too. The RLBT provides diagnostic services to assist farmers in managing the health and maintaining the productivity of animals. Extension services of the Veterinary Services Department recommend regular screening of livestock animals for parasitic infections to reduce losses caused by mortality and morbidity.



62

12. Semi Quantitative Risk Assessment Of Avian Influenza And Newcastle Disease Virus In Backyard Chicken In Perak

*MY FAIZUL FIKRI1, AR SOHAYATI1 AND LC CHAY2

1Veterinary Research Institute (VRI), 59, Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 lpoh, Perak, Malaysia.

2University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur *[email protected]

Abstract

A semi-qualitative risk assessment was conducted on ND and AI infections in human viadirect contact with infected village chickens in Perak using the modified Risk Ranger tool.ND and AI can be transmitted to humans by direct contact with infected poultry. Thesymptoms of AI in human have ranged from conjunctivitis to influenza-like illness (e.g. fever,cough, sore throat, muscle aches) and some of the AI strains can leads to mortality of thepatients. While infections of ND can cause mild conjunctivitis and influenza-like illness, ND virus otherwise poses no other hazard to human health. Based on the exposure datacollected in this study and also on estimation of approximately 10000 people who havedirect contact with the chickens including the farmers, neighbours, field worker, veterinariansand also laboratory workers involved in diagnostic activities for disease screening, it wasestimated that there will be 18.3 human cases of AI and ND infections per year via directcontact with the backyard chickens, respectively. The risk ranking index for AI and ND are 70and 53 respectively. Therefore, in spite of the medium risk estimated in this study, thepotential of backyard chickens, as a vehicle of transmission of AI and ND to humans inPerak cannot be ignored.

13. Tetracycline Residues In Chicken Meat From Certified Chicken Processing Plants In Malaysia And The Dietary Exposure Assessment From Year 2012 To 2015

MARZURA, MR1, *KHAIRUNNISAK, M1, MARNI, S1 AND SAIPUL, BAR2

1Veterinary Public Health Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Services, Jalan Nilai-Banting, Bandar Baru Salak Tinggi, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia

2DVS Putrajaya *[email protected]

Abstract

Dietary exposure assessment to tetracycline drugs was determined by multiplying mean residue concentration with mean chicken consumption and the processing factor. Tetracycline residue data used was that of confirmatory test which was taken from the Monitoring and Surveillance Program of Department of Veterinary Services from year 2012-2015, involving 127 chicken-meat samples from chicken processing plants throughout Malaysia. The chicken consumption data was based on the Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey 2014 report. The processing factors (which was gathered from previous studies), was 0.5 for tetracycline (TTC) and oxytetracycline (OTC), 0.1 for chlortetracycline (CTC) and doxycycline (DC). The antibiotic with highest mean concentration of residue in chicken-meat samples was OTC at 87.6 µg/kg, followed by DC (80.6 µg/kg), CTC (61.2 µg/kg) and TTC (25.4 µg/kg). Mean




63

chicken consumption for Malaysian adults aged from 18-59 years was 34.95 g, and 118.00 g at 97.5th percentile (heavy consumption). The highest exposure was from OTC, due to the high residue found. Between geographical zones, the exposure was higher in East Malaysia compared to Peninsular Malaysia (2.7 and 2.4 µg/person/day). Overall, the sum of exposure to tetracycline drugs among adults in Malaysia in the current study was 2.5µg/person/day. When taking into consideration heavy counsumption (97.5th percentile), the exposure was at 8.3 µg/person/day. Even with heavy chicken consumption, the exposure to tetracyclines still could be considered negligible as it was less than 1% of Acceptable Daily Intake.

14. Prevalence Of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis And Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis In Dairy Cattle Herds In Kedah

*NURUL FATIHA AS, ZURIN AZLIN MJ, NOR LAILI AR, MAZLAN, L,

NOORAKMI, MN AND HAZLIANA H

Veterinary Research Institute, 59, Jalan SultanAzlan Shah, 31400, Ipoh, Perak *[email protected]

Abstract

Prevalence data for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and Corynaebacterium pseudotuberculosis in cattle is very limited in Malaysia. Therefore the aim of this study is to determine the herd-level and animal-level seroprevalence of MAP and Corynaebacterium pseudotuberculosis in dairy cattle herds in Kedah. This study was conducted in 28 dairy herds in 6 different districts in Kedah. Of 28 herds, there were 2 herds with at least 1 animal positive for Corynaebacterium pseudotuberculosis that have been tested using Agar Gel Immunodiffusion Test (AGID). Consequently, there was 1 herd with animals positive for MAP that have been tested using Complement Fixation Test (CFT). The herd-level prevalence for positive MAP was 3.6% (CI95%: 0.09-18.3) and animal-level prevalence was 0.5% (CI 95%; 0.01-2.8). In comparison with positive reactor records at Veterinary Research Institute (data unpublished), the MAP reactors in cattle tested using CFT has been relatively low (below 1.0%) for the past 10 years. Of note is that CFT only works well on clinically suspect animals because of its low specificity although it is often demanded by importing countries. Furthermore, the herd-level prevalence was 7.1% (CI 95%; 0.88-23.5) and prevalence at animal-level was 1.5% (CI 95%; 0.3-4.4) for Corynaebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Unfortunately, there are no records of reactors or prevalence of Corynaebacterium pseudotuberculosis in cattle in Malaysia that can be reviewed. Though Corynaebacterium pseudotuberculosis may occur on rare occasions in cattle, it can cause significant losses to the industry. It also has become an important zoonosis and cannot be neglected since there were human cases particularly in farm workers.



64

15. ISOLATION OF E. COLI AND E. COLI O157:H7 IN CATTLE, FARM ENVIRONMENT, MILK AND BEEF

*MIAN KHAQAN SHAH, **SALEHA ABDUL AZIZ and ZUNITA ZAKARIA

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Corresponding authors: **[email protected], *[email protected]

Abstract

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a major foodborne pathogen causing severe disease in humans worldwide. Healthy cattle are recognized as a reservoir of E. coli O157:H7. Bovine food products and fresh produce contaminated with bovine waste are reported as the most common sources for disease outbreaks. E. coli O157:H7 can survive well in the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of E. coli and E. coli O157: H7 in the cattle, farm environment and milk samples obtained at farms and beef samples from wet markets in Selangor. A total of 222 samples were collected from cattle (rectal feces) and their farm environment, which consisted of feed, floor of stall swabs, flies and water samples and milk samples from dairy cattle. A total of seven (7) markets were selected to purchase 60 beef samples. The presence of E. coli and E. coli O157:H7 was determined using culture method and PCR assay. The overall occurrence rate of E. coli in cattle and their farm environment was 47.3%. The highest occurrence of E. coli was observed on floor of stall at 62.5%, followed by cattle feces at 55.2%, water at 41.6%, feed at 37.5% and flies and milk at 33.3% each. The occurrence of E. coli in beef was 10%. All the E. coli isolateswere then screened for E. coli O157 using latex agglutination test and 34.2% were found positive. The identified E. coli O157 isolates were then subjected to PCR assay to detect rbfO157 genes for E. coli O157 and fliCH7 genes for H7. However, they were all negative for E. coli O157 but 3.6% of the E. coli isolates were H7 positive. The study indicated the possible absence of E. coli O157:H7 in the cattle, farm environment, milk and beef in Selangor.

16. Prevalence OfSalmonella spp. Isolated From Imported Frozen Buffalo Meat Submitted

To Kuantan Regional Veterinary Laboratory From 2012 To 2015

*SITI NOORZEHA, R1, ANIRAN, K1, FAIZAH HANIM, MS1 AND SAIPUL BAHARI, AR2

1Kuantan Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Services, Jalan Seri Kemunting 2, 25100 Kuantan, Pahang

2DVS Putrajaya *[email protected]

Abstract

A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp. isolated from imported frozen buffalo meat submitted to the Veterinary Public Health section of the Kuantan Regional Veterinary Laboratory. A total of 834 random frozen buffalo meat samples imported from India were received from a frozen meat importer company located at Selangor, through MAQIS Pahang. Salmonella isolation was carried out by implementing test





65

method MKAV/M 005 of the Veterinary Public Health Laboratory Malaysia, Salak Tinggi, Sepang which was the modified method of FSIS USDA Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook MLG 4.06. Isolated Salmonella spp. were sent to Veterinary Research Institute, Ipoh, Perak for Salmonella serotyping according to the Kauffmann and White Scheme and 24 (2.9%) were tested Salmonella positive. Of 24 Salmonella positive samples, 15 different serotypes were identified. The dominant serotype was S. senfenberg (20.8%) followed by S. agona, S. bovismorbificans and S. corvalliseachwith percentage of 8.3%. Other Salmonella serotypes isolated were S. Typhimurium, S. enteritidis, S. enterica sub salamae, S. albany, S. norwich, S. Stanley, S. nitri, S. reubeuss, S. frintop, S. Bradfordand S. ughelli with percentage of 4.2 % respectively. Results of the study indicate that Salmonella spp. is present in imported frozen buffalo meat but the prevalence is low and still under control. Further research on S. senfenberg from imported buffalo meat should be conducted since it is the most dominant and most common serotype identified, yet there is still little information on it.

17. Assessment Of Microbiological Contamination In Chicken Meat From Small And Medium Scale Chicken Processing Plants In Peninsular Malaysia

*MARINA, AR1, ISMAIL, M1, NURZIA, I1, MARNI, S1AND SAIPUL, BAR2

1Veterinary Public Health Laboratory,

Jalan Nilai-Banting, Bandar Baru Salak Tinggi, 43900, Sepang, Selangor 2DVS, Putrajaya

*[email protected]

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological safety and quality of chicken meat collected at small and medium scale chicken processing plants from 12 states in Peninsular Malaysia during October 2015 to December 2015. A total of 1580 chicken carcasses were collected from 316 small and medium scale chicken processing plants in four regions of Peninsular Malaysia which covers Northern (Perlis, Kedah, Penang and Perak), Central (Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Malacca), Southern (Johore) and East Coast (Pahang, Terengganu and Kelantan). All the samples were subjected to aerobic plate count (APC), total coliform and E.coli count as well as Salmonella detection. A total of 111 samples (7.0%) exceeded the limit of 1000000 (1 x 106) cfu/gram for APC, a limit established by the Malaysian Regulatory Standard. As for total coliform count, 127 samples (8.0%) were above the maximum limit of 1000 (1 x 103) cfu/gram whereas 275 samples (17.4%) exceeded the limit for E.coli count (100 cfu/gram). Salmonella spp. was detected from a total of 273 samples (17.3%) respectively. This study shows the microbiological contamination of chicken meat from small and medium scale chicken processing plants in Malaysia is still high which can reflect its possible role in spoilage and food-borne illnesses.



66

18. Prevalence OfSalmonella sp. Of Wild Rats In Kelantan

*NUR AIN SHAFIQAH, MS*1, CHE MUD, CM1,NUR RAIHAN, MA1, WAN NORULHUDA, WAW1, SYARIFAH ASIAH, MA1,ZUBAIDAH, MA1, MOHD ZAWAWI, M1, NORLIDA, O1 AND

SAIPUL, B AR2

1Kota Bharu Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan 2DVS, Putrajaya

*[email protected]

Abstract Salmonella is known as one of the important food-borne pathogens. It causes salmonellosis in human and animals worldwide. A prevalence study on salmonella infection was conducted on wild rats in Kelantan. From April to June 2015, a total of 36 rats and house shrews were examined at the Regional Veterinary Laboratory in Kota Bharu, Kelantan for the presence of Salmonella. These animals were caught at various locations in the state and were received at the laboratory either as live or dead specimens. Autopsies were conducted and intestines sampled for detection of salmonella. Results showed that of the 32 rats and 4 shrews examined, 5 (15.6%) rats and 3 (75%) shrews were found salmonella-positive and on serotyping, four were identified; which were S. kalamu (62.5%), S. typhimurium (12.5%), S. weltevreden (12.5%) and S. brancaster (12.5%). In conclusion, presence of Salmonellain wild ratsindicates that there is possibility of transmission of the pathogen to humans due to constant contact between the two. Thus appropriate measures are needed to control the pest population to prevent spread of diseases in humans and animals.

19. Population Estimate Of Stray Dogs In Two Districts Affected By Rabies Outbreak In Kedah, 2015

*CHIAN HOEY LEE, KAMALIAH GHAZALI, SYARIFAH SYAZANA SYED AHMAD AND

UMMI SUMILAH MOHAMAD JOHAR

Department of Veterinary Services, State of Kedah, Malaysia. *[email protected]

Abstract

The state of Kedah lost its rabies-free status in 2015 due to an outbreak of canine rabies that occurred on 17th September 2015 at Alor Setar, Kedah. Control measure such as dog vaccination and elimination of stray dogs were carried out. Previous estimates of the stray dog population were from a community based calculation and may not be an accurate current population estimate. Therefore, a survey using block sampling of stray dogs was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the stray dog elimination program. Two (2) districts in the state of Kedah were selected for this survey; they were Kubang Pasu - an immune-belt area, and Kulim, a non immune-belt area. A total of 30 blocks from 238 blocks in Kubang Pasu, and 26 blocks from 229 blocks in Kulim were randomly chosen for the survey. It was found that the population estimate in Kubang Pasu was 262 dogs, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) between 119 to 404 dogs, and in Kulim 379 dogs with 95%CI between 376 to 382




67

dogs respectively. From this survey, the stray dog population in other districts in Kedah could be also be estimated to estimate the stray population in the state. The estimates were not significantly different between the survey districts, although in Kubang Pasu CI of stray dog population estimate was wider which could be due to more blocks with no stray dogs observed. Further study to quantify pattern of stray dog location and their effect on elimination program of stray dog over time could provide more information on sustainability of this measure for the rabies control program in Kedah.

20. Molecular Detection Of Rabies Infection From A Few States In Malaysia

*NURSHUHAPA AH, ROSLINA, H, ZURAIDAH, O, ROSHASLINDA, D, SITI SURAYAHANI MS, ZUNAIDA, B, NORLINA, D AND HASRUL, AH

Veterinary Research Institute, 59 Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 lpoh, Perak

*[email protected]

Abstract

A total of 72 samples for rabies screening were received by Veterinary ResearchInstitute, VRI from 2010 till 2015. They were a mixture of diagnostic and surveillancecases. The surveillance had been conducted in three states (Perlis, Kedah, andPerak) of West Malaysia. The surveillance samples were randomly collected fromadult mongrel dogs mostly more than two years old. All the brain samples were testedfor the presence of Rabies RNA by nested RT-PCR. 10 of 72 brain samples werepositive for RNA of Rabies virus. They were from Perlis (8), Kedah (1) and Perak (1)in the year 2015. The results of this study indicate that the disease was detected in2015, not earlier. Preventive measures such as screening, quarantine, movementcontrol of animals inside or from outside the country, vaccination of pets againstrabies, and adequate management of stray dog populations should be enhanced tocontrol and eradicate the disease.

21. Laboratory Experience During Rabies Outbreak 2015

*NORAZURA AH, AZIZAH D, NINY FARIZA J, MOHAMAD MASRIN A, MOHAMAD FHITRI S, NORHAFIZA H, ASNIZA S, NOORAZIAN AB AND ALI AS

Veterinary Research Institute, 59, Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 lpoh, Perak

*[email protected]

Abstract Rabies is caused by lyssavirus from the Rhabdovirus family. Rabies in West Malaysia was last reported in 1999 in Terengganu, associated with animals from fishing boats. Sixteen years later in 2015, one case was reported in Perlis (a state along the Malayan-Thai border) where a three-year old male dog bit the owner while he was force-feeding it because it was ill. This dog was euthanized at the owner's request. The autopsy of the dog showed no significant gross changes. Brains from autopsied dogs in Perlis are routinely investigated for Rabies by Rabies Fluorescent Antibody Test (FAT) - this brain was positive on testing. Real time PCR,




68

nested PCR and histopathology study was then conducted on this brain tissue and all tests were positive for Rabies. The Rabies FAT is the 'gold standard' to test for Rabies and is the test recommended by the World Health Organization WHO, and the World Organization for Animal Health OIE. This test is conducted using fluorescein isothiocyanate tagged with monoclonal antibody and a positive sample appears as brilliant apple green fluorescence against a dark background. Nested PCR is an additional RNA detection technique used for rapid and sensitive detection of Rabies virus. This is more useful for confirmatory diagnosis and as a first step in virus typing and epidemiological studies. Histopathology is useful for a diagnosis of rabies in presence of acute encephalomyelitis. Negri bodies will develop in brains of animals which die as a result of the Rabies infection but are generally not see in animals euthanised early in the course of the disease. Active surveillance followed the positive result, and from August 2015 till the end of December 2015 stray dogs were examined for a 10 km radius around the dog's residence. Of 617 brains tested, 13 were positive on FAT testing and histopathology FAT was conducted and compared with histopathology and nested Polymerase Chain Reaction. Both Histopathology and nested Polymerase Chain Reaction supported the positive result from the Fluorescent Antibody Tests.

22. Screening For Zoonotic Diseases In Pig Abattoir In Perak

*FAZLY ANN ZA, MUHAMAD SYAMSUL NAIM NA, ROSELIZA R, NURUL FATIHA AS, ZURIN AZLIN MJ, WAN NORMAZIAH WOB AND GEETHAMALAR S

Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Veterinary Services, 59, Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah,

31400 lpoh, Perak, Malaysia *[email protected]

Abstract

Zoonotic diseases are the infectious diseases that are transmissible either directly or indirectly between vertebrate animals to human and vice versa. A range of pathogenic agents that maycause the disease are bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi. Globally, a few zoonotic diseases in pig have been reported and therefore the aim of this study was to determine the current status of zoonotic diseases in slaughtered pigs in Perak. A total of 450 samples, including fresh blood with serum, urine, heart, lung, kidney, spleen, liver, reproductive organs and meat from fifty Yorkshire and Landrace pigs were collected from two local abattoirs (lpoh and Taiping) in Perak. All samples were randomly selected during the slaughtering activity commencing from May to August 2014. The samples were stored at 4°C to 6°C during transportation to Veterinary Research Institute. The samples were screened for brucellosis by Complement Fixation Test (CFT), Serum Agglutination Test (SAT) and bacterial identification, for leptospirosis by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), melioidosis by CFT and bacterial identification, salmonellosis by bacterial identification, Nipah disease by Enzyme-Linked lmmunosorbent Assay' (ELISA) and other viral diseases by virus isolation. The results show, 5 out of 50 (10%) animals were positive for the zoonotic diseases as listed. 4 out of 50 (8%) were positive for salmonella and 1 out of 50 (2%) was infected with melioidosis. In the abattoir, all the organs were grossly examined by the appointed officer. All the physically diseased organs will be condemned as they maybe unsafe for human consumption. With regard to the results of this



69

study, humans are encouraged to consume thoroughly cooked livestock products to reduce zoonotic infection in human.

23. Cross Sectional Study Of Diseases In Wild Pigs In Peninsular Malaysia

*SOHAYATI A RAHMAN1, DONNY YAWAH3, NURAINI SHIMA ALWAY3, KHAIRIL AZMAN ZAINAL ARIFIN3, RICKY CHOK3,FRANKIE THOMAS SITAM3, NOOR AZLEEN KULAIMI3,

FATEHA1, MJ ZURIN-AZLIN1, YAHASMIDA Y1, NINY FARIZA1, NORAZURA HAMID1 AND WAN MAZIAH WAN OMAR BAKRI1

1lnstitut Penyelidikan Veterinar, Bahagian Penyelidikan dan lnovasi, JPH, lpoh, Perak

2Bahagian Epidemiologi dan Survelan, JPH Putrajaya 3Jabatan Perhilitan Malaysia, Km10 Jalan Cheras, Kuala Lumpur

*[email protected]

Abstract A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to August 2015 in Johor, Perak, Melaka and Kelantan in Peninsular Malaysia. The main objective was to determine status of disease (s) carried by wild pigs in the country that could affect animal health and subsequently, public health. The study was a collaboration between the Department of Veterinary Services (DVS) and the Department of Wildlife. A total of 37 wild pigs were examined. The study found that most of the samples were seropositive for Foot-and-Mouth disease, Aujeszky's disease and Brucella. The percentage of seropositivity is worrying because all the detected diseases can affect the health of livestock adversely. Additionally, the zoonosis Brucella is infective for humans. Although Nipah virus, Leptospira and Japanese encephalitis were not detected serologically (although tested for) in this study, their negative finding needs to be interpreted carefully as the sample size is relatively small, and may not reflect the true disease status of the population of wild pigs in the country as only 4 states were sampled. There is still much to learn about the diseases of wild pigs and it is very important to continue to study the role they play as disease carriers. In the meantime, continued and increased efforts towards prevention of disease transmission such as by improved farm biosecurity are the best way to prevent disease transmission between livestock and wild pigs. Additionally, raising public awareness by education on native wild pig disease can contribute towards disease spread.



70

24. GISDVS: Geographical Information System In Animal Disease Management For Department Of Veterinary Services, Malaysia

*MASRIN A1, FAKHRULISHAM R2, SHARIL AMZ3ANDA NURIZAN 1,2

1Veterinary Research Institute, 59, Jalan Suttan Azlan Shah, 31400 lpoh, Perak

2Research and Innovation Division, Department of Veterinary Services, Wisma Tani,Putrajaya 3Facuty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor

*[email protected]

Abstract Infectious diseases are a leading cause of death and illness throughout the world.Successful response to infectious disease outbreaks depends greatly on the ability tounderstand the surrounding context. Disease spreads geographically, and interventionsoccur in relation to human, institutional, climatic, and other kinds of landscapes. Theincorporation of a geographical information system (GIS), remote sensing (RS) technologyand global positioning system (GPS) in disease management have put a new scale ofstandards in terms of controlling and preventing infectious disease incidents andimprovement of livestock management. GIS technology is used to generate, store andvisualize spatial data which is in turn used as input for analytical models. In animal diseasecontrol, GIS is used to monitor the outbreaks and movement of animals in defined locations.The Malaysian Department of Veterinary Services (DVS) uses GIS as a tool to record andmonitor the status of animal health through surveillance and monitoring activities carried outthroughout the country. All data and information obtained is stored in the GIS system namedGISDVS. This GISDVS system is able to change existing spreadsheet data into aninteractive data map and can perform a variety of spatial tasks and analyses that can aid ourunderstanding of the pattern and current situation of specific disease. This poster describesthe abilities of the GISDVS system in the management of animal diseases and how thissystem can be used in control of disease spread in Malaysia.

25. Evaluation Of The Caudal Fold Test And Comparative Cervical Test In Detection Of Bovine Tuberculosis In Cattle

*NOR LAILI, AR1, ZURIN-AZLIN, MJ1, FHITRI, S1, K EVIE1, ZAMILA, Z1, NURUL NASUHA, H2, CHE KU MARDIANTY, MCWR1, RIDUAN, M1, ISHAK, D1, NURIZAN, A1 AND G KAMALIAH 3

1Veterinary Research Institute, 59 Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400, lpoh, Perak

2Makmal Veterinar Wilayah Timur, Kola Bharu, Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar Kubang Kerian, 16 150 Kola Bharu Kelantan

3Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar Negeri Kedah, Jalan Datok Kumbar, 05300 Alor Setar, Kedah Darul Aman

*[email protected]

Abstract Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis. Clinical signs that can be seen in cattle are weakness, loss of appetite, weight loss, coughing and




71

fluctuating fever. One of the diagnostic tools for bTB is the Tuberculin skin test. In this study, the correlation between the Caudal Fold Test (CFT) and Comparative Cervical Test (CCT) and the incidence rate of occurrence of Bovine Tuberculosis that can be detected by the Tuberculin Skin Test were determined. CFT and CCT were tested on 140 cattle from 20 dairy herds in the state of Kedah. The results showed 47.9% had a clearly positive result for the Caudal Fold Test (CFT) and 52.1% showed a clearly negative result. For the Comparative Cervical Test (CCT), about 9.3% were clearly positive, 17.9% were suspected or probably positive, 67.9% were clearly negative on testing. The differences between CFT and CCT were determined by using Friedman Test which showed that it is statistically significance, X2 = 5.085, df = 1, p-value = 0.024 which is less than 0.05. Spearman’s rho test showed an existence of correlation between CFT and CCT result. Incidence rate based on the CFT result is 47.85% while based on the CCT result is 9.77%. It shows that, the number of bTB cases detected by CFT is higher than CCT and it can be one of the reasons, CFT can be use as a screening tools and CCT as the the confirmation test for detection of bTB. In conclusion, for diagnosis of bTB by using skin test, CFT and CCT need to be done together in order to get accurate results.

26. Bovine Tuberculosis Diagnoses And Incidence In Dairy Herd

*MJ ZURIN-AZLIN1, NOR LAILI, AR1, FHITRI, SM1, K, EVIE1, NURUL NASUHA, H2, CHE KU

MARDIANTY, MCWR1, LETCHUMI, S1, RIDUAN, M1, ZAMILA, Z1, ISHAK, D1, KAMALIAH, G3 AND A NURIZAN1

1Veterinary Research Institute, No. 59 Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 lpoh, Perak

2Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kola Bharu, Kelantan 3Department of Veterinary Services Kedah, Jalan Datok Kumbar, 05300 Alor Setar, Kedah

*[email protected]

Abstract Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is caused by Mycobacterium bovis and is a notifiable disease inMalaysia. The disease is of concern and deserves attention as it causes high morbidity as achronic disease, has a large economic impact and its most important feature perhaps is itshigh zoonotic potential. The Tuberculin skin test (CCT) is widely used for diagnosis of bTB.An alternate test, the 'gamma interferon detection based method' (Bovigam) has beendeveloped and was tested in several countries. The sensitivity and specificity of the test hasbeen shown to vary depending on geographic area and degree of true prevalence in thecountry. Both tests are suitable to diagnose bTB in cattle. A previous study in the dairyherds in Kedah, Malaysia was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity ofTuberculin skin test and Bovigam® for diagnosis bTB and to determine bTB incidence rate.The sensitivity and specificity reported then for Tuberculin skin test and Bovigam® test were50 % and 88.8 % respectively. The positive likely ratio was reported as 4.45 and negativelikelihood ratio was 0.56. This present paper reports the bTB incidence rate in dairy herdsinvestigated as 9.4 % using CCT compared to 1.5% with Bovigam® showing that theincidence rate of bTB detection was higher with CCT compared to Bovigam® test. AsBovigam® test detects gamma interferon secreted during early infection and tuberculin skintesting detects immunoglobulin towards bTB produced in the later stages of infection thisvery likely explains the discrepancy in the results. In conclusion, CCT has better capabilityfor detecting more bTB infected cattle compared to Bovigam® test which detects



72

the earlystage of bTB infection in cattle. The incidence rate of bTB in the tested dairy herd is difficultto ignore and it is a cause of distress and alarm to the veterinary authority. From thefindings of this study, a combination of these tests in diagnostic and surveillance programs ispromising for the control and eradication of bTB in the country.

LABORATORY TECHNIQUES

27. Identification Of Processed Animal Proteins (PAPs) In Feedstuffs

*NOOR, SH1, SUHAIMI, D1, WAN, SH1, MOHD, SA1, NORMAH, AR1, TERJUDDIN, MS1AND SAIPUL BAR2

1Veterinary Public Health Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Services. Jalan Nilai Banting, Bandar Baru Salak Tinggi, 43900 Sepang, Selangor

2DVS, Putrajaya *[email protected]

Abstract

Identification of processed animal protein (PAP) is performed to assure consumers that the products they purchase are safe, properly labeled, as well as address important issues in Muslim countries especially related to the “Halal” status of the feed given to the animal. It is also to help in the development of future legislation for guidelines and rules to be followed to prevent unauthorized feeding of PAPs which may eventually affect both animal and humans adversely. NucleoSpin® “silica-membrane technology” from MACHEREY-NAGEL allows fast and effective purification of nucleic acids from various matrices. The silica membranes are optimized for high DNA recovery and low binding efficiency for impurities. Results from 23 samples received were negative for unwanted processed animal protein. Therefore, we can conclude that there was no adulteration of the 23 feedstuffs that were tested. Regular testing will give confidence to consumers about the quality of food products in Malaysia

28. Capsular Serotype OfPasteurella multocida Diagnosed In VRI From Year 2014 - 2016

*KHOO, E, KHOO, LL, ZAMILA, Z, NAFIZAH, M, SITI NOR HANANI, R, SAIFU NAZRI, R, ROSNAH, Y AND ROSELIZA, R

Veterinary Research Institute, 59 Jalan SultanAzlan Shah, 31400 lpoh, Perak

*[email protected]

Abstract Pasteurella multocida is one of the important veterinary pathogens. It affects a widerange of livestock, domestic and wild animals and is often manifested as pneumonicor septicemic forms. In Veterinary Research Institute (VRI), bacterial isolation iscarried out in routine diagnostic laboratory and the typing of Pasteurella multocidaare carried out using serotype designation system of Carter's capsular typing andmolecular typing method as described by




73

Townsend et al., 2001. This report is toupdate the current status and diversity pattern of Pasteurella multocida based oncases submitted to VRI. A total of 63 Pasteurella multocida were isolated andidentified from livestock animal such as bovine, caprine, anatine, avian, porcine andfeline during the period 2014 to May 2016. The prevalence of Pasteurellosis in thisstudy ranges from 1.0 to 3.2%. In 2014, 75% of the isolates were Pasteurellamultocida serotype D and all were isolated from goats. The predominant serotype in2015 was Pasteurella multocida serotype A with a prevalence rate of 43.3% whilePasteurella multocida serotype D reduced to 23.3% compared to previous year. Forthe year 2016, prevalence of Pasteurella multocida serotype A spiked to 76.5%, witha high percentage (92.3%) isolated from cattle. Interestingly in year 2015, there hasbeen one isolate of Pasteurella multocida serotype 8 found in goat.

29. Isolation And Characterisation OfPasteurella multocida Isolated From Pig

*DAHLIA H, ZARRAHIMAH Z,HARNITA E, NOR LIYANA MR AND KHOO E

Veterinary Research Institute, Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 lpoh, Perak Malaysia. *[email protected]

Abstract

This study describes isolation and characterisation of 7(seven) isolates of Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) from trachea and lungs of diseased pigs. The isolates were cultured onto blood agar and tested for biochemical tests such as catalase, oxidase,indole, nitrate, gelatine and glucose O/F. Hyarolunidase and acriflavine tests were also conducted for Carter's typing. The isolates were Gram negative coccobacilli, catalase and oxidase positive, produced indole, reduced nitrate to nitrite and fermented glucose, maltose, mannose and trehalose.The results showed 4(four) out 7 isolates were positive for acriflavine test indicating P. multocida Carter's Type D, while other 3 isolates were negative for both test. This phenotypic data is important to be correlated with their potential pathogenicity in the host.

30. Pathogenicity Of Virulent And Avirulent Rhodococcusequi In Mice

*FHITRI M1, NOORDIN MM 2, ZUNITA Z2AND LATIFFAH H2

1Veterinary Research Institute, 59 Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 Ipoh, Perak 2Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia *[email protected]

Abstract

Six isolates (virulent, n=5; avirulent, n=1) were subjected to pathogenicity test in mice. The results revealed that three of virulent isolates caused death in mice while avirulent isolate and the other two virulent isolates did not. Post-mortem on the dead mice showed that the major visceral organ affected were lung, liver and spleen. All affected lung were




74

haemorrhagic while all affected livers and spleens were congested. Histological examination proved that all of these visceral organs were severely damaged with the lesion score of three instead of one or two.

31. Effect Of Sodium Azide On Consistency Of Pasteurella haemolytica Type A ELISA

*AISYA-NAAMA, T, NOR LAILI AR, NURUL NASUHA H, CHE KU MARDIANTY MCWR, LETCHUMI, S, RIDUAN, M, ISHAK, D ZURIN-AZLIN

Veterinary Research Institute, No. 59 Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 Ipoh, Perak

*[email protected]

Abstract Serum is often frozen and banked for analysis at a later date. For storage times longer than 24 h at 4°C, it may be necessary to add a bacteriostatic agent such as sodium azide to avoid bacterial growth which is commonly used as a preservative in many biological samples used in laboratories. In this experiment, the effects of long-term storage and sodium azide on eight different serum samples from cattle and rabbit were investigated. The samples were tested using in-house Pasteurella haemolytica type A (PHA) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The serum samples were kept at -20°C for a one-week to two-month period before testing to examine the consistency of the optical density reading. Sodium azide (0.01%) was added to half of the samples and their optical density reading was compared with those without sodium azide.Application of Friedman's test shows that there are some statistically significant changes in the distribution of optical density reading over time, X2=120.868, df = 2, p< 0.05. Therefore the null hyphotesis was rejected and the data shows that the distribution of OD reading is different at week 3 and week 8. It is also shown that there is no significant difference between the treatment of serum with sodium azide and without sodium azide. The serum with the addition of sodium azide may be stored up to 1 month.

32. Detection Of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts From Cats Using Modified Kato-Katz And Sheather’s Sugar Methods

*NORHAMIZAH AH1, NORINA L1, RASHIDAH CM1, NORSHARINA A1, HANAFI H1 AND

SAIPUL BAHARI AR2

1Regional Veterinary Laboratory Johore Bahru, Lot PTB 11098, Jalan Taruka Off Jalan Datin Halimah, 80350, Johore Bahru, Malaysia

2Aras 1, Lot 4G1, Podium 1A, No. 28, Persiaran Perdana, Presint 4. Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan, Putrajaya, 62624 Putrajaya, Malaysia

*[email protected]

Abstract Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that causes Toxoplasmosis in humans and animals. It belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa, subclass Coccidiasina and family Sarcocystidae. The Felidae family is the definitive host for this disease where the parasites undergo a sexual




75

cycle of replication (oocysts). In this study, cat faeces were collected from private clinics around Johore Bahru, Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 61 samples were tested using microscopy, for presence of T. gondii oocyst via two methods; namely the Modified Kato-Katz with Kinyoun staining and Sheather’s sugar floatation method. The results showed that 40.98 % of the faecal samples examined were positive for T. gondii oocysts .This method has successfully been used to detect T. gondii in cats in this report. Morphological approaches for Toxoplasma oocyst identification have been neglected in recent years, due to the upsurge of more precise technologies. From this study we suggest that this modified technique could be introduced for screening and detection of oocysts excreted in faeces of suspected animals of the Felidae family.

MEDICINAL PLANTS

33. Haematological And Serum Biochemistry Evaluation Of Acute And Subacute Oral Toxicity Effects Of Ethanolic Extract OfMariposa christia vespertilionis Leaves In Male

Sprague Dawley Rats

NURUL, SAS1, *HAZILAWATI, H1, ROSLY, SM2, FARHAN HANIF, MR1, SHANMUGAVELU, S2 AND NOORDIN, MM1

1Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

2Animal Livestock Research Centre, MARDI Headquarters, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

*[email protected]

Abstract Butterfly Tea refers to a decoction of Mariposa christia vespertilionis leaves. This has recently gained huge attention from Malaysians, particularly cancer patients and researchers. The study aims to evaluate the toxicity of ethanolic extract of M. christia vespertilionis leaves by conducting 14-day acute and 28-day subacute oral toxicity studies in male Sprague Dawley rats. Rats in the acute toxicity study weredivided into control, vehicle (5% DMSO) and treatment (herbal extract) groups (n=6 rats in each group). The extract was administered at 2000 mg/kg once via oral gavage on day 1 of the experiment and the rats were observed continously for 14 days. Rats in the subacute toxicity study were divided into five groups consisting of control, vehicle (5% DMSO), low (75 mg/kg), medium (125 mg/kg) and high (250 mg/kg) dose herbal extract groups (n=6 rats in each group). The extract was administered via oral gavage daily, starting from day 1 until day 28 of the experiment. Standard procedures for toxicology evaluations including mortality, behavioural changes, motor-neuronal abnormalities, and bodyweight as well as feed-water consumption patterns were followed and recorded. Blood samples were taken terminally via cardiac puncture for haematological and serum biochemical analyses. Results showed the extract causedno signs of toxic action and also caused no alterations in the haematological and serum biochemistry values in all rats of both studies. It is concluded that this herb induced no toxicity and alterations in the blood parameters of the rats with lethal dose (LD50) greater than 2000 mg/kg and non-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL)greater than 250 mg/kg.



76

34. Assessment Of Blood Parameters Of Subchronic Ingestion Of Ethanolic Extract Of Mariposa christia vespertilionis Leaves In Sprague Dawley Rats

NURUL, SAS, *HAZILAWATI, H1, ROSLY, SM2, FARHAN HANIF, MR1, SHANMUGAVELU, S2

AND NOORDIN, MM1

1Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

2 Animal Livestock Research Centre, MARDI Headquarters, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

*[email protected]

Abstract Mariposa christia vespertilionis leaf which is also known as ‘Rerama’ leaf has recently gained huge attention in Malaysia, particularly from cancer patients, as a complementary and alternative medicine. However, there is limited scientific evidence on the toxicity of this plant. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the possible toxic effects of this leaf on the haematology and serum biochemical parameters in a repeated dose 90-day (subchronic) oral toxicity study in male Sprague Dawley rats. A total of 30 rats were divided equally into control, vehicle (5% DMSO), low (75 mg/kg), medium (125 mg/kg) and high (250 mg/kg) dose herbal extract groups. The extract was administered daily via oral gavage starting from day 1 until day 90 of the experimental period. During the study, standard toxicological procedures including mortality, behavioural changes, motor-neuronal abnormalities, body weight and feed-water consumption patterns were followed and recorded. The rats were humanely sacrificed at the end of the experiment (day 90) and blood samples were collected for haematological and serum biochemical analyses. Results showed no significant changes in the body weight and daily feed and water intake in all groups. The haematological and serum biochemical parameters also showed no abnormality in control and treated groups. Based on the results, it is concluded that this herb is not toxic and caused no alterations in the blood parameters of the rats with non-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) greater than 250 mg/kg.



77

35. Dermal Exposure Assessment On Ethanolic Extract OfMelastomamalabathricum In Sprague Dawley Rats

FARHAN HANIF, MR1, *HAZILAWATI, H2, ROSLY SM3, NURUL SAS, NOORDIN, MM2 AND

SHANMUGAVELU, S3

1Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia

2Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

3Animal Science Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) Headquarter, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

*[email protected]

Abstract Melastoma malabathricum known as ‘Senduduk’ in Malaysian is a flowering plant in the family of Melastomataceae. This study aims to evaluate acute and sub-acute dermal toxicity of ethanolic extract of M. malabathricum leaves to justify the traditional medicine use of this plant to treat skin disorders and illness. This study was conducted according to the OECD guidelines (No. 402 and No.410), respectively. Each study comprised of 30 female Sprague Dawley rats, which were divided into 5 groups. In the acute toxicity study, each group (n=6) had plant extract applied topically on a shaved area of dorsal skin at concentrations of 2.5%, 5% and 10%, respectively, once at day 1 followed by daily observation for 14 days. In the sub-acute toxicity study (n=6), each group received daily application of the extract at similar concentrations for 28 days. Control groups only had white soft paraffin (vehicle) applied. All rats were closely monitored for any changes in physical and behavioural signs,that could be a result of the interaction between the extract and the skin. Results of both studies showed no mortality or changes of physical and physiological behaviour. Body weight and organ weight of kidneys, liver and spleen, haematology and serum biochemistry results revealed no significant differences (p>0.05) in rats of both studies. There were no abnormal changes on gross appearance of the kidneys, liver and skin to indicate toxic effects. Histopathological evaluations of the kidneys, liver and skin revealed normal architecture of the organs. This study demonstrated that ethanolic extract of M. malabathricum leaves cause neither adverse skin nor systemic reactions.



78

36. Morphological Evaluation Of Excisional Cutaneous Wound Treated With Ethanolic Extract OfMelastomamalabathricum Leaves In Sprague Dawley Rats

FARHAN HANIF, MR1, *HAZILAWATI, H2, ROSLY SM3, NURUL SAS, NOORDIN, MM2 AND

SHANMUGAVELU, S3

1Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia

2Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

3Animal Science Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) Headquarter, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

*[email protected]

Abstract Melastoma malabathricum or locally known as ‘Senduduk’ is a flowering plant which in folklore of many countries can cure skin problems and promote wound healing. This study aims to evaluate the optimum concentration range of ethanolic extract of M. malabathricum that can accelerate wound healing by increasing the rate of wound contraction and reducing wound size. A total of 36 male Sprague Dawley rats comprising 3 treatment groups (each group consisting of 7 rats) and 3 control groups (each group consisting of 5 rats) were inflicted with a circular excisional wound of 500 mm2 of size on the dorsal thoracic region. Rats in the treatment groups were treated daily with the herbal extract for 21 days, at three different concentrations; low, median and high (% w/w). Paraffin, silver sulfadiazine (SSD) or no treatment, were applied to rats in the control groups. The wound was evaluated daily for the presence of exudate, necrotic tissues and scabs. The rate of wound contraction was determined by measuring the changes in the size of the excisional wound at various intervals; days 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 21. Results showed that rats treated with the herbal extract had less amount of exudate and scab, and faster healing compared to control groups. Rats treated with low concentration of the herbal extract had significantly higher rate of wound contraction (25.57%, 75.28%, 90.08%, 96.47% and 98.08%) than the group with no treatment (negative control) (10.86%, 60.45%, 73.74%, 84.75% and 91.98%), at days 4, 8, 12, 16 and 21 (p<0.05). The wound contraction rate of medium concentration group was comparable with low concentration group. Importantly, wound contraction rate of low concentration group accelerated faster (p<0.05) than high concentration group. It is concluded that in this study, M. malabathricum extract at low concentration is the optimum concentration in significant promotion of healing of cutaneous excisional wound in rats, and exhibited a non-concentration-dependent wound healing activity.



79

37. Antiproliferative And Antioxidative Activities Of Hydromethanolic Extract Of Syzygiumpolyanthum On Mammary Cancer Cell Line

LUQMAN, MN1, *ARIFAH AK1, OTHMAN, F2AND ZAKARIA, ZA2

1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia 2Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,

Malaysia *[email protected]

Abstract

Syzygium Polyanthum (Wight) Walp.var. Polyanthumcommonly known as ‘pokok Salam’ or ‘Indonesian Bay Leaf’,is a wild evergreen shrub which belongs to the family of Myrtacea. It is well distributed in Indonesia and also Malaysia. Traditionally, Malaysian and Indonesian peopleconsume fresh leaves as ‘ulam’ for the treatment of hypertension, gout, arthritis, diabetes mellitus and general body health maintenance.Scientifically, the leaves of S. polyanthumhad been reported to possess several interesting ethnopharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidative, antifungal, and antidiabetic. This study was conducted toassess the antiproliferative effect of hydromethanolic extract from leaves of S. polyanthum towards a mammary cancer cell line (MCF-7) and its antioxidative capacity. The plant was collected, cleaned, dried and pulverized into tiny particles before soaking in a hydromethanolic solvent system for 72 hours at room temperature.The antiproliferative effect of the extract was determined based on minimum concentration that was able to inhibit 50% growth of cancer cells (IC50) after 72 hours using MTT assay. The effective concentration of the extract that was able to scavenge DPPH and ABTS free radical solution by 50% (EC50) was obtained by linear regression analysis of a dose-response curve plotted between % inhibition and concentrations. Results showed that the hydromethanolic extract from leaves exhibit antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 with the IC50 values of 126.05 ± 50.89 µg/mL. The extract also exhibited antioxidative activities with EC50 values of40.50 µg/mL and 18.67 µg/mL for DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. As for ascorbic acid (control), the EC50 values were 55.50 µg/mL and 72.56 µg/mL for DPPH and ABTS, respectively. In conclusion, leaf extract of S. polyanthum demonstrated potential antiproliferative activity against mammary cancer and showed growth inhibitory activity.The findings suggest the plausible use of S. polyanthum hyromethanolic extract as a new therapeutic and supplemental approach for cancer related illness.



80

PARASITES

38. Electron Microscopy Of Haemonchus contortus: A Strongyle Of Small Ruminants In Malaysia

*CHANDRAWATHANI P2, ABDUL SHUKOR A1, JAMNAH O1, PREMAALATHA B1, ZAINI CM1

AND SAIPUL BAHARI AR2

1Veterinary Research Institute, Ipoh, Perak 2 Department of Veterinary Services Putrajaya

*[email protected]

Abstract Adult male and female Haemonchus contortus worms from abomasum of slaughtered goats were studied under scanning electron microscope to look for any abberations or structural deformities as these animals were treated with benzimidazoles. As this drug has been in use for several years, the worms are suspected to be resistant. Anthelmintic resistance in strongyles of small ruminants is an increasingly important problem. The study of resistant strains of H. contortus by electron microscopy is one of the tools to help in understanding the mechanism of anthelmintic resistance and how it morphologically affects the worm. Worms were collected fresh from abomasum, kept in cold normal saline and sent for processing. Routine methods in preparation of the worms for electron microscopy were utilised.The scanning electron microscope was used to examine the structure of the worm grossly and both male and female worms were found to be structurally intact although suspected to be resistant to benzimidazoles. The females had vulva flaps and males had intact bursae. Structural uniformity of their cuticles was observed. Scanning electron microcopy is a tool to that reveals ultrastructural changes of helminths especially if treated or exposed to damaging chemicals and plants. With this information we can study potential plants which can affect helminths ofeconomical importance for ethnoveterinary purposes.

39. A SURVEY OF EAR MITES (Otodectes cynotis) IN STRAY CATS IN KOTA BHARU, KELANTAN, WEST MALAYSIA

WAN NORULHUDA W.A.W.1, NIK KAMARUDIN T. 1, NIK NOOR SYAMIMI I. 1, NORLIDA O.

1&SAIPUL BAHARI, A. R2

¹Makmal Veterinar Kawasan Kota Bharu, Jalan Kubang Kerian,16150 Kota Bharu,Kelantan.

²DVS Putrajaya

* [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Ear mites (Otodectes cynotis) are a very common cause of otitis externa and it is

one of the clinically important diseases of cats and dogs. In Malaysia, a survey on common

parasites infesting domestic cats should be done as this information is vital to establish the



81

possibility of communicable diseases between pet and stray cats. A study on ear mite

infestation was carried out on stray cats around Kota Bharu town to establish the incidence

of positive infections by sampling cat ears. A total of 34 skin scraping and ear swab samples

were taken from stray cats around four areas in districts of Kota Bharu namely; Pasar Pasir

Tumbuh, Pasar Medan Buluh Kubu, Kampung Kraftangan and the fifth set of samples was

from the Rural Transformation Centre (RTC) in Tunjung. The samples from the cats were

processed at the Parasitology Unit of the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory Kota Bharu,

Department of Veterinary Services for detection and identification of the ear mites. Of all the

samples, only 7 samples from RTC Tunjung area were positive for ear mites. This area has a

big wet market where the stray cats live and as the environment is damp and dirty, it may be

why the mite eggs have prolonged survivability. The infection is likely transmitted while the

cats eat, sleep and breed together, such as with family groups. In this study, it was found

that local stray cats have ear mite infection. Further studies can be done to see the

prevalence in various cat breeds and differences between prevalence in stray cats and pet

cats too. This information will help in control of parasitic infections in cats and create

awareness in humans on the importance of good hygiene and cleanliness in homes and

public areas and possibly aid in the control of the stray cat population.

40. Theileria Infection Of Ruminants In Malaysia

*NURULAINI R1, CHEE, WK 1,ADNAN M 1, LILY ROZITA, MH1, ERWANAS, AI1, DEBBRA, M1, AZIMA LAILI, H1, AZIZAH, D1 AND YAHASMIDA, Y2

1Veterinary Research Institute, 59, Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 lpoh, Perak, Malaysia 2Department of Veterinary Services Selangor, Lot 2, Jalan Utas 15/7, 40630, Shah Alam,

Selangor, Malaysia *[email protected]

Abstract

Theilerioses are tick borne infections of mammals caused by Theileria spp belonging to thephylum Apicomplexa. Theileria spp are widely distributed in cattle and sheep in Africa, Asia,Europe and Australia and are transmitted by variety of tick species. Theilerias that infectlivestock and domestic animals are Theileria parva, T. mutans, T. velifera, T. taurotragi, T. annulata, T. orientalis and T. ovis (T.ovis causes benign theileriosis of small ruminants). In2015, of 423 blood samples received by the Parasitology Section, Veterinary ResearchInstitute (VRI), 209 (49.41%) were positive for Theileria spp. These blood samples were fromcattle, deer, buffalo, sheep and goats. The highest number of positive samples were fromcattle (48.3%) followed by deer (28.7%), sheep (11.4%), goat (10.5%) and buffalo (0.9%).Whole blood in EDTA was examined by using Giemsa Stained thin blood smear smears.Samples were from Perak, Johor, Pahang, Kedah and Kelantan. In many countries,prevention of the disease is mainly by tick control by using chemicals to kill the ticks. Furtherwork to determine the species of Theileria infecting the different species of animals inMalaysia should be conducted to further understand this parasite and its relevance todisease.



82

41. The First Report Of The Acanthocephalan Parasite (Balbosome sp.) Identified In A Stranded Sei Whale (Balaenoptera borealis) In Southern Peninsular Malaysia

*NORINA, L1, NORSHARINA, A2, NURNADIAH, AH2, NORHAMIZAH, AH2, HANAFI, H2,TAMIMI MAA3, IHWAN, MZ4, WAHIDAH, W4, AIDA, M1 AND SAIPUL BAHARI, AR5

1Department of Veterinary Services State of Johor, Aras 4, Bangunan Dato’ Mohamad

Ibrahim Munsyi 79630 Kota Iskandar, Nusajaya, Johor 2Regional Veterinary Laboratory Johor Bahru, 2Department of Veterinary Services, Lot PTB

11098, Jalan Taruka, Off Jalan Datin Halimah, 80350 Johor Bahru, Johor 3Fishery Research Institute (FRI) Rantau Abang, Pusat Penyu dan Ekosistem Marin (TUMEC),

Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia, 23050 Dungun, Terengganu 4Institute of Tropical Aquaculture, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu,

Terengganu 5Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and , Wisma Tani, Blok Podium

Lot 4G1 & 4G2, No. 28 Persiaran Perdana, Presint 4, 62630 Putrajaya, Malaysia *[email protected]

Abstract

A stranded Sei Whale, Balaenoptera borealis on the shore of southern Peninsular Malaysia was examined for parasites. Acanthocephalan parasites such as Balbosome turbinella are commonly found in whales. In this case, the Acanthocephalan parasite Balbosome sp.was found in the duodenal part of the small intestine. Grossly, the parasite was dark orange in colour and measured 30mm in length and 1mm in width. The anterior part of the proboscis had slender apical hooks, robust median hooks and reduced basal hooks. This information is vital to understand the behaviour of beached whales in Malaysia as this phenomenon could be due to the parasitic infections.

POULTRY VIRUS

42. Avian Adenovirus Isolated From Broiler Affected With Inclusion Body Hepatitis

*NORINA L1, NORSHARINA A1, NURNADIAH AH1, I REDZUAN 2, A ARDY2AND

NOR-ISMALIZA I2

1Regional Veterinary Laboratory Johor Bahru, Lot PTB 11098, Jalan Taruka, Off Jalan Datin Halimah, 80350 Johor Bahru

2Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and , Wisma Tani, Blok Podium Lot 4G1 & 4G2, No. 28 Persiaran Perdana, Presint 4, 62630 Putrajaya, Malaysia.

*[email protected]

Abstract

Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) has been reported in many countries in the world. The IBH is characterized by presence of intra-nuclear inclusion bodies in hepatocytes of chickens. On December 2015, an onset of high acute mortality in a flock of 12, 18 and 23 day-old broiler chickens in Malacca and Johore was reported to the Regional Veterinary Laboratory Johor




83

Bahru, Peninsular Malaysia. The birds showed lethargy, huddling, ruffled feathers, and inappetence. At necropsy the livers were enlarged, pale yellow, friablewith multiple petechial hemorrhages, the kidneys were congested and enlarged, hydropericardium and gizzard erosions were present. Large eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were seen in hepatocytes. PCR revealed livers were positive for FAdV at expected band of 1219bp and the nucleotide sequence shared 95-99% identity with the fowl adenovirus species E, serotype 8b. Based on the acute high mortality, age of the broilers, gross and microscopic lesions (especially intranuclear inclusion bodies) and molecular findings, the condition was diagnosed as adenovirus inclusion body hepatitis.

43. Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysis Of Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT) Virus In chickens: Comparison With Chicken Embryo Origin (CEO) Vaccine

*SYAMSIAH AS, LEOW BL, ONG GH, M REDZWAN S, BASIRAH MA, FAIZUL FIKRI MY AND

NURIZAN A

Veterinary Research Institute, 59 Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 lpoh, Perak *[email protected]

Abstract

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an important infectious disease in chickens. It is an acute, highly contagious upper-respiratory infectious disease of chickens that leads to economic losses in poultry industries worldwide. Currently, there are two main types of ILTV live vaccines commercially available, those attenuated by sequential passages in chicken embryos (CEO) or by sequential passages in tissue culture (TCO). However, CEO vaccines can reverttheir pathogenicity through serial amplification in the field. In year 2015, ILT was isolated from village chickens produced commercially in Perak. It was reported that the chickens showed clinical symptoms such as gasping, coughing and 10% morbidity 2 weeks after vaccination with live attenuated ILT CEO vaccine. A 688bp fragment was amplified based on partial region of the infected cell protein 4 (ICP4) gene from trachea and lung samples of the chickens. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this isolate is clustered along with CEO vaccine strains. Interestingly, there were no deletions within the 272- to 283-bp region of the ICP4 gene, as observed in the sequences of CEO vaccine strains. The lack of a deletion in the ICP4 fragment analyzed in this study indicates that the chickens were infected with a virulent IL T virus. The results from this investigation show that the CEO vaccine used had reverted to virulence; some possible reasons the disease may have occurred following vaccination are improper ILT vaccine administration and or poor biosecurity conditions.



84

44. Molecular Characterization And Phylogenetic Analysis Fusion Gene Of Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype VI From Pigeon In 2015

*SM REDZWAN, AS SYAMSIAH, MY FAIZUL FIKRI, BL LEOW , M, BASIRAH, GH ONG, B

AZURA, Z MAIZATUL, MR JIHAN AND A NURIZAN

Veterinary Research Institute, 59 Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 lpoh, Perak *[email protected]

Abstract

Newcastle Disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral disease of birds. It causes serious losses in the poultry industry in Southeast Asia including Malaysia. Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) has a wide host range and has been reported to infect more than 240 avian species, both domestic and wild. This disease can vary in nature from mild to severe depending upon the pathotype and the avian species infected. NDV usually spreads by direct contact between healthy and diseased birds, and excretions of infected birds can also spread the disease. In this study, a 2015 isolate of NDV from an asymptomatic imported pigeon was characterized. Genotype of the sample was determined by phylogenetic analysis based on partial F gene sequence. A 557 bp genome fragment partial F gene was amplified by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and directly sequenced. The coding region of F gene of the isolate was aligned with other NDV strains retrieved from published sequences in Genbank. The phylogenetic tree constructed showed that the pigeon isolate belonged to the genotype Vlb. The deduced amino acid sequence of F gene cleavage site revealed the presence of motif 112RRQKRF117indicating the sample is of avirulent velogenic pathotype. The findings in this study demonstrate the importance ofconducting surveillance of ND in Malaysia.

45. Pathogenicity And Genotyping Of Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated From Central Region Of Peninsular Malaysia In 2010-2015

*M AZLAN J1, NORFAIZAH AH1 AND SAIPUL B AR2

1Central Region Veterinary Laboratory, DVS, Bandar Baru Salak Tinggi, Sepang 2DVS Putrajaya

*[email protected]

Abstract Newcastle Disease (ND) is highly contagious and causes high mortality in poultry. It is caused by the Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) an avian paramyxovirus. The aim of this study was to determine the pathogenicity of each sample by characterization of fusion (F) protein cleavage site amino acid sequence. The viruses were then classified into genotypes by using phylogenetic tree analysis. A total of 28 poultry samples were found to be positive for Newcastle Disease virus from the Central Region of Peninsular Malaysia (Malacca, Negeri Sembilan, Selangor and Kuala Lumpur) from 2010 to 2015. These samples were subjected to further analyses in this study. The RNA virus was extracted from allantoic fluid and tested by conventional PCR and sequencing methods. From bioinformatics analysis, the majority of




85

isolates (17 isolates), were found to be the NDV Velogenic Strain. Another 11 isolates were identified as NDV Lentogenic Strain. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that 17 isolates were Genotype VIId and 11 isolates were Genotype I. This shows that this technique is specific and reliable for NDV epidemiology and also for the prediction of pathogenicity of NDV isolates. Such information on the pathogenicity and strains of NDV will be useful in planning control programmes to reduce morbidity and mortality in poultry.

46. Efficacy Study Of ND Virus Vaccine Of Duck Origin In Day-Old Specific Pathogen Free Chicken Against Malaysian Genotype VII ND Isolate

*SURIANI MN, ISWADI MI, NORMAH M , GOON SC, JAMALIAH H, PREMAALATHA B, FAIZUL

FIKRI Y, SHAMSIAH AINI SAND ONG GH

Veterinary Research Institute, 59 Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 Ipoh, Perak. *[email protected]

Abstract

The application of live Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine is the most economical method for ND control. Routinely Newcastle Disease (ND) is controlled with the used of live or killed ND vaccine. In this study we assessed the ability of live NDV vaccine 1174 strain of duck origin to protect day old chickens from challenge with the Malaysian genotype VII (gVII) ND virus (NDV) 12234/2010 strain. Specific Free chickens (15 chickens) were vaccinated intranasally once with ND vaccine 1174 strain with a dose of 106 EID50 (optimal dose) and the unvaccinated control group chickens were inoculated with PBS via the same route. All chickens were challenged intranasally with gVII NDV 12234/10 strain at a dose of 3 x 105 EID50 /0.1 ml. Serum samples were collected at day 0, 4, 7 10 and 14 days post vaccination (dpv) and on 2,5,7,9 and 14 days post challenge (dpc). Swab samples (cloaca and trachea) were also collected at 2,5,7,9 and 14 days post challenge (dpc) All vaccinated chickens showed sero-conversion at 7, 10 and 14 dpv with the mean HI titer (Log2) of 2.4 , 3.9 and 5.3.respectively. No HI titer was detected at 4 dpv. The mean HI titers of vaccinated chickens were decreased to 4.5, 4.3, 4.6, 4.1, and 4.1 at 2, 5, 7, 9 and 14 dpc respectively. Neither clinical signs nor mortality was observed in vaccinated chickens either post vaccination or post challenge, whereas all unvaccinated chickens showed several clinical signs and died within 5 dpc. The results also showed that all unvaccinated chickens shed virus from both cloacal and trachea. In contrast none of the vaccinated birds shed detectable virus from either cloaca or trachea. The findings of this study indicate that the ND vaccine 1174/08 of duck origin is safe in chickens and can offer protective immunity.



86

PRODUCTION - Cattle

47. Moringa oleifera As An Alternative Feed To Enhance The Milk Production In Dairy

Animal

*MOHAMMAD-BOHARI J, LILY SUHAIDA MS, SHARIF S AND ZURAIDAH A

Veterinary Research Institute, 59 Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 lpoh, Perak, Malaysia *[email protected]

Abstract

Moringa oleifera is also known as Murunggai or kelo as local name in Malaysia. It is a fastgrowing, drought-resistant tree, native to the southern foothills of the Himalayas in northwestern India, and widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas where its young seed pods and leaves are used as vegetables. This plant became popular in dairy farming especially in the Philippines, Nicaragua, Australia, Brazil, Columbia, and Ghana because of the potential of this plant to enhance the production of milk especially in dairy cattle. The objective of this study is to explore the potential of Moringa oleifera as alternative fodder to enhance the production of milk in dairy animal. As a start, proximate analysis was carried out in the Biochemistry Laboratory in Veterinary Research Institute (VRI) on the leaves of moringa plant. The analysis showed that the percentage of Dry Matter, Crude Protein, Crude fat, Total ash, Crude fiber, Calcium, Phosphorus were 91.95, 25.07, 4.27, 15.96, 11.08, 3.37, 0.35 respectively. This shows that this plant has a high percentage of Crude Protein and Calcium. This plant also has a very good metabolizable energy because it contains about 10.04 MJ/Kg. Some studies have mentioned that calcium and vitamin A can help increase the quantity of milk secreted and also improve the quality of the milk produced. One conclusion is that this plant has a high potential to help increase the weight gain of livestock as it has high protein content. It is also contains very high percentage of calcium which is known as one of the important parameters in milk production. However, further study especially feeding trials in dairy animals with this plant needs to be done to get the real picture about the potential of this plant in increasing the production of milk in dairy animal.

48. The Effect Of Different Seasons On Milk Composition Of Dairy Cattle In Perak

*LILY SUHAIDA MS, NOOR AKMI MN, BOHARI J AND KALAAVATHI M

Veterinary Research Institute, 59, Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 lpoh, Perak *[email protected]

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different seasons (dry and rainy season) on milk composition of dairy cattle throughout the year 2012. A total of 3,014 fresh milk samples from the dairy farms around Perak were analyzed for milk fat, solid non fat, total solids, protein, density and pH using milk analyzer. The solid non fat and protein contents of milk varied significantly (p<0.05) between seasons. Meanwhile, milk fat, total solids, density and pH of milk did not show any statistically significant difference (p>0.05). The density of




87

milk during dry and rainy season was found statistically similar, with means of 1.03 gcm3. It was also found that most of the milk composition (fat, solid non fat, total solid and protein content) were higher in rainy season as compared to dry season, with means of 4.09%, 9.76%, 13.86% and 3.69%, respectively. However, milk fat (4.05%) and protein content (3.63%) were found lower in dry season. The decline of fat and protein may be due to the high environmental temperature and also changes of feed intake patterns by dairy cattle, which are lower in dry season due to changes in weather and temperature. From this study, it was concluded that the seasonal variations may affect the composition of milk, as well as its safety and quality of dairy products, locally.

49. Expression Profile Of Hsp72 In Mafriwal Cows Exposed To Heat Stress

*WWMZ SOMARNY1, S FARIDAH2, MZ MOHD WAZNUL ADLY2, S MD TASOL1, M MARDHATI1, W NOR AINI3, AMM ALI HANAPIAH3 AND S SHANMUGAVELU1

1Animal Science Research Centre, 2Nanotechnology and Biotechnology Research Centre,

Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Persiaran MARDI-UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor

3Pusat Ternakan Haiwan, Air Hitam, Kluang, Johor, Malaysia *[email protected]

Abstract

Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) are a family of stress-inducible protein that act as molecular chaperones and are categorized according to molecular weight in kilodaltons (Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp90 and Hsp110). Among HSPs, Hsp70 and Hsp90 have significant roles in cell thermotolerance and animal survival whereby these proteins are up-regulated during heat and stress induction. The Hsp70 is the most important because it makes up more than 1% of the total cellular protein content under stressful conditions. The present study was conducted to investigate the changes of the expression profile of inducible Hsp70, which is known as Hsp72 in dairy cows exposed to heat stress. Eight Mafriwal cows were exposed to a temperature of 35°C using additional heating for 1 week. Exposure to heat was carried out for 6 hours from 8 am to 2 pm. Blood sample for each cow was collected (before, during and after exposure) and subjected to DNA and serum extractions. Milk yield was also measured during the experiment. The expression of Hsp72 was determined by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and ELISA techniques. In this study, the expression profile of Hsp72 obtained by both techniques (real-time PCR and ELISA) was similar. The transcription of mRNA Hsp72 as well as protein concentration in cows exposed to heat was increased during the period of heat challenge and highest at 2 weeks after exposure. Subsequently, the production of milk was also reduced after heat stress. However, a significant trend was not observed between Hsp72 and milk yield, most probably attributed to the high variability in genetic composition of the animals under study. This further exemplifies the need for a homogenous population for molecular characterization studies.



88

PRODUCTION - Fish

50. Apparent Digestibility Of Total Lipid Of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) In Nile Tilapia

(Oreochromis niloticus)

*MARDHATI, M AND ZAINAL ABIDIN, AR

Animal Science Research Center, MARDI Headquarters, 43400 Serdang *[email protected]

Abstract

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the most widely cultured fish in the world with exponential growth in recent years. Tilapia accounted for 25.2% of Malaysian aquaculture production from fresh water culture system in 2013. However, the major problem of fish farming in Malaysia is its heavy dependence on imported feedstuffs especially energy and protein sources. Imported feed ingredients are often subjected to price and supply fluctuations. Therefore, palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), a by-product from palm oil processing was evaluated as an alternative energy source in tilapia diet. PFAD is less susceptible to rancidity compared to fish oils and contains vitamin E and natural antioxidants. The present study was conducted to determine the apparent digestibility of PFAD in tilapia fish. A total of 72 fish (mean weight ±30g) were randomly assigned to 2 groups with 3 replicates per group. Fish were acclimatized to the tanks for 2 weeks and fed 2 different types of feed; reference (fish meal based diet) and test diets containing 70% of reference diet and 30% of the tested ingredients for 7 days. Feces from each tank were collected and pooled according to treatment, for further analysis. Total lipid in feed and feces was determined using cold extraction method. All data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The significance of difference between means was determined by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (P<0.05) using SAS statistical programme (Version 9.1). The apparent digestibility of total lipid in PFAD was significantly higher (85.22%) compared to reference diet (83.21%). This indicated that PFAD can be used in tilapia diet.

51. Apparent Digestibility Coefficients Of Local Feedstuff In African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

*IJ FARAHIYAH1, AAR ZAINAL1, A AHMAD1, M MARDHATI1, ST YONG1, K THAYALINI1AND

MB MOHD HAIRY AZWAN2

1Animal Science Research Centre, , Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Persiaran MARDI-UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor

2MARDI Negeri Melaka, Peti Surat 304, Pejabat Besar Pos 75670, Melaka *[email protected]

Abstract

Clarias gariepinus, commonly known as African catfish is the major catfish species cultured in Malaysia with a production of 50,683 metric tonnes valued at RM 223 million in the year 2015. Aquaculture production has substantially increased in the recent years. The increasing




89

aquaculture volume will lead to an increase in the use of aqua feed. The use of local feedstuff in fish diets as a substitute for imported feedstuff is an alternative to reduce the cost of fish feed in Malaysia. Hence, a digestibility trial in juvenile African catfish was conducted to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of four local feedstuffs: fishmeal, palm kernel expeller, wheat pollard and copra cake . A total of 120 African catfish juveniles were randomly assigned to four treatments with three replications; there were 10 fish per replicate. The ADCs were determined using reference and test diets containing 70% of reference diet and 30% of the tested ingredients. Apparent protein digestibility coefficient of wheat pollard was found to be the lowest (68.66%) and was significantly different (P<0.05) when compared to the other feed ingredients. Fishmeal has the highest ADC of protein with 90.79%, whereas palm kernel expeller and copra cake showed a comparable result with 81.10% and 84.16% respectively. The ADCs of energy (91.30%) in fishmeal was significantly (P<0.05) higher than for the other feedstuffs. Local feedstuff such as palm kernel expeller and copra cake can be used to substitute for imported feedstuffs in catfish diet.

52. Effects Of Phyllanthusniruri And Solanumtrilobatum Inclusions In The Diets Of African Catfish On Apparent Digestibility

*KTHAYALINI, Z SITI HAJAR, AAR ZAINAL, IJ FARAHIYAH, AA AZIZI, ST YONG AND

M MARDHATI

Animal Science Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Persiaran MARDI-UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor

*[email protected]

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the apparent digestibility of a commercial feed supplemented with Phyllanthus niruri or Solanum trilobatum for African catfish. These herbs are known to have immunomodulatory and growth promoting properties. A total of 90 juvenile African Catfish (10-12 cm) were used in the trial. The fish were fed with 3 dietary treatments which were control (commercial feed from Dindings) and control feed supplemented either with 1% of Phyllanthus niruri or 1% Solanum trilobatum. For 8 d, the fish were fed once daily, at approximately 2% of body weight, and total faeces were collected the next day throughout the study, by which all the faecal materials were siphoned from the bottom of the tank and oven-dried at 60oC. The dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat and digestible energy were analysed using ANOVA of SAS version 9.30. Supplementation with Phyllanthus niruri resulted in a significantly higher apparent digestible energy, organic and dry matter digestibility compared to the control diet. The crude fat digestibility of Phyllanthus niruri was similar to the control diet. The inclusion of Solanum trilobatum produced results similar to Phyllanthus niruri in all parameters measured except organic matter digestibility. However, the apparent digestibility of crude protein of the control diet was significantly better than the treatment diets. As a conclusion, the inclusion of 1% Phyllanthus niruri or1% Solanum trilobatum did not improve the overall digestibility of the commercial feed for African catfish.



90

PRODUCTION - Quail

53. Growth Performances Of IKTA Quail In The Closed-House System

*IRDAYU, H, AHMAD SHAFRI, H, ZUAL-KEPLI, M, NOR HAIDAYAH, J AND NUR HAYATI, MY

Institute of Poultry Technology, KM 34 Jalan Ramuan China Besar, Masjid Tanah 78300 Melaka.

*[email protected]

Abstract ‘Puyuh IKTA’ broiler type of quail was officially introduced in 1996 being reared in the open-house system. It is the heaviest bird with average adult weight of 290 g. From 2007, quail were kept in the closed-house system with deep litter system. The objective of this study was to determine the quail growth performance parameters including body weight (BW), total feed intake (F), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and mortality in the closed-house system of dimension 45 meters length, 10.8 meters width and 3.7 meters height. The house is equipped with evaporative cooling pad and automatic drop curtain system along the house. It is also equipped with six units of exhaust fans. The spatial distribution per bird of quail is 185 cm2 until 35 days old. Table 1: Body weight of IKTA quail in the closed-house system.

Age (days)

Average Body Weight (g)

Total Feed Intake (g)/bird

Mortality (%)

FCR

1 9.4 - -

3.4

7 36.8 44.05 4.3

14 80.0 115.14 4.1

21 155.0 142.51 1.4

28 225.6 219.17 1.0

35 277.5 208.82 0.0

42 316.8 341.74 0.0



91

PRODUCTION - Small Ruminants

54. A Case Report Of Chronic Malnutrition In A Dorper Sheep

*ASNIZA, S1, SHAFARIN, MS1, NORHAFIZA, H1, AMIR, H3, TAJUL-ARIFFIN, MY3, AZIAN, NAB1,

ALI, AS1, WAN-NORMAZIAH, WOB1, GEETHAMALAR, S1 AND NURIZAN, A1,2

1Veterinary Research Institute, 59, Jalan Suttan Azlan Shah, 31400 lpoh, Perak 2Research and Innovation Division, Department of Veterinary Services, Putrajaya

3Pejabat Veterinar Daerah, Manjung, Perak *[email protected]

Abstract

Malnutrition is the condition that develops when the body does not get the right amount of the vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients it needs to maintain healthy tissues and organ function. It can happen in all animals including sheep. Poor husbandry conditions may cause chronic malnutrition which eventually could be the underlying causes of other conditions or diseases. A twelve-month-old female Dorper was presented to the Veterinary Research Institute in a weak, lethargic condition with pale, sunken eyes, body score of 2 out of 5, and pyrexia (39°C). She was submitted for necropsy and detailed examination since a few deaths of other Dorpers from the same farm had occurred. Blood and serum samples were collected and the Dorper was humanely killed prior to the necropsy. Similar lesions were found in almost all parts of the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Hydrothorax, hydropericardium and serous atrophy of fat surrounding the visceral organs were the prominent lesions found in the carcass. Other findings included presence of worms in the abomasum. The organs were collected and submitted for laboratory evaluation. Results showed no significant bacterial isolates. On histopathology, there were marked changes in tissues, mainly fatty degeneration of fat tissues as well as of the liver and kidneys. Haemonchus contortus were identified from the abomasal contents. From the blood samples anaemia and hypoproteinaemia were present. A pathological diagnosis of chronic malnutrition was made based on gross pathology, blood results and histopathology. A follow up investigation was carried out and it was found that the sheep had only been fed with Napier grasses once a day and no pellets had ever been given. The etiologic diagnosis of the Chronic Malnutrition was from starvation by the management.



92

55. The Use Of 2 Cow-Side Tests For On-Site Detection Of Ketone Bodies In Late-Gestation Does

AA SYAHIRAH1, HA HASSIM2, AA SAHAREE3, SS SYED-HUSSAIN3, AFM AZMI, M AJAT2 AND

*R MANSOR1

1Department of Medicine and Surgery of Farm and Exotic Animals,

2Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, 3Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies,

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia *[email protected]

Abstract

One of the most common metabolic problem in small ruminant is pregnancy toxaemia (PT) which occurs as a result of negative energy balance due to inadequate feeding. Early detection can prevent losses from treatment cost and death of the dam and foetus. Hyperketonaemia can be detected by measuring the serum or plasma β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) concentrations by laboratory methods which are very costly and time consuming. On-site detection methods have been widely used to detect ketone bodies in urine and blood of cows but none of these tests have yet been validated for use in goats. This study was conducted to evaluate the use of 2 cow-side tests; KetoCheck™ powder (KCP) and Ketostix® strip for on-site diagnosis of hyperketonaemia in late-gestation does. Sixteen does at late stage of pregnancy were fasted for 72 hours to experimentally induce PT. Daily collected samples of urine and blood were tested and compared to serum BHBA level (gold standard). In comparison with the BHBA assay, both Ketostix® and KCP tests had a sensitivity of 96% each, with the specificity of 93% and 91% respectively. In a preliminary field study, 70 urine and blood samples were collected randomly from late-pregnancy does in various farms located in Selangor, Malaysia. Four out of 70 (6%) animals were shown to be positive based on Ketostix and KCP with clinical signs of PT. The BHBA concentrations for these positive samples ranged from 0.8mmol/L to 2.4 mmol/L. Results from this study suggest that these 2 cow-side tests can be utilized for a larger scale investigation or screening purposes of PT in goats.



93

PRODUCTION - Poultry

56. First Veterinary Forensic Investigation On Completely Burned Chicken Carcasses in a

Poultry Farm in Malaysia *SHAFARIN, M.S.1, SARAVANKUMAR, S2,3, NAZNI, W.A6., NURIZAN, A.1,4, AND H N QUAZA-

NIZAMUDDIN,5

1Veterinary Research Institute, 59, Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 Ipoh, Perak 2Zoonotic and Public Health Section, 3Animal Welfare Unit, 4Research and Innovation Division,

5Directorate Division, Department of Veterinary Services, Putrajaya 6Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur

*[email protected]

Abstract Veterinary Forensics refers to the application of veterinary medicine and forensic science techniques to the investigation and documentation of animal abuse and neglect as well as civil matters involving animals. Properly applied veterinary forensics can exonerate a person suspected of causing harm to an animal where there is in fact another natural or accidental explanation. A total of 45,000 broiler chickens in one closed-house system poultry farm in Central Region of Peninsular Malaysia have been reported to have died death due to bi essay fire. A prompt investigation by the Enforcement and new team of Animal Welfare Unit was carried out. Detailed investigation and evidence was required to distinguish death from before or during the bi essay fire (i.e. were the chickens burned when already dead , or while still alive). Eleven 7-day-old chicken carcasses in various degrees of decomposition were submitted to the Veterinary Research Institute Ipoh for necropsy examination. The forensic necropsy, document review of photographs, histopathology and forensic entomology approaches were used to carry out the investigation. Most of the carcasses were completely burnt. There was a presence of live and dead maggots including the ova. There was a suspicious pattern of leg position and orientation of the carcasses. All the possible findings were collected and analysed. This paper shares findings and experiences in attempting the first veterinary forensic investigation on completely burned chicken carcasses in a poultry farm in Malaysia



94

PRODUCTION - Swiftlet nest

57. Bioactive Swiftlet Nest Capsule

ABDUL SALAM BABJI et al.

*[email protected]
