thayer the u.s. as an asia pacific power
TRANSCRIPT
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e n te tates-
Security Studies (Regional)
September 29, 2009
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Outline of Lecture
1. Historical Background; How the U.S.
Became a Pacific Power
2. The National Securit Process andCongressionally Mandated Requirements
-Power
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1. Historical Background
From isolationism to empire
War
Alfred Thayer Mahan (writing in 1890)
Influence of Social Darwninism
the white mans burden
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Opening of Japan, 1852-54
Commodore Perry andthe Black Ships
1st visit 1852 left
letter of demand
2nd visit 1854
Kanagawa signed
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. .
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1907-09
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Washin ton Naval Conference1921-22
The Asia-Pacific first treated as ase arate eo ra hical re ion
Fix ratio of warships that states could
Limit the geographical and military scope
1930s Japan repudiated agreement andh x l w rn w r
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Three Wars in the Pacific
Second World War
War in Europe - Sept. 1939
,
Korean Conflict, 1950-53
Vietnam War, 1965-73
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US Hub and Spokes Model
apan
SouthKorea
Phili ines
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Compacts of Free Association and
Commonwealth Northern Mariana Islands
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2. National Security ProcessNat ona Secur ty Counc
Chief of Staff,Counsel to the
President, Assistantfor Economic PolicyAs a ro riate: Attorne General and the
Director of the Office of Management andBudget; and others by invitation
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National Security Council
De uties Committee Interagency Committee
Chaired by Assistant Secretaries ofState
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Congressionally Mandated Requirements
Committees of Congress
Armed Services
Armed Services
Intelligence (Select)
Budget
Intelligence (Select)
Appropriations
Homeland Security and
Government Affairs
Homeland Security
Select Committee on U.S.
at ona ecur ty anMilitary/Commercial
Concerns with The People's
Republic of China
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US National Security Policy
National Security Strategy (White House) Mandated b Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986
150 days after a new president takes office
issued 2002 and 2006
Quadrennial Defense Review (mandated,
,
National Military Strategy (CJCS)
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uadrennial Defense Review
NationalNationalSecuritySecurityStrateStrate
150 days after newPresident takes office
QDRQDRIn consultation with CJCS
SECDEFSECDEFReportReportConduct a ReviewReview so as to:
- Delineate a National Defense StrategyNational Defense Strategy
- Define: -- Force StructureForce Structure--
-- InfrastructureInfrastructure-- Other ElementsOther Elements of Program & Policy
- Identify a Budget PlanBudget Plan
CJCS Assessment
CJCSCJCS
- Assess Political, Strategic & Military RiskRisk
- Assessment of ReviewAssessment of Review
-- Assessment of RiskAssessment of Risk
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Defense Review Report 2006
In the Pacific, alliances with Japan, Australia, Koreaand others promote bilateral and multi-lateralengagemen n e reg on an coopera ve ac onsto address common security threats. India is also
emerging as a great power and a key strategicpartner. C ose cooperat on w t t ese partners nthe long war on terrorism, as well as in efforts tocounter WMD proliferation and other non-
traditional threats, ensures the continuing need forthese alliances and for improving theirca abilities.
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National Security Strategy 2006
e n e a es s a ac c na on, wextensive interests throughout East and
.prosperity depend on our sustained
partnerships supported by a forward defenseposture supporting economic integration
through expanded trade and investment andpromoting democracy and human rights.
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National Defense AuthorizationAct requires Defense Secretary
to submit an annual report to
Congress on Chinas current and
future military strategy, military-
,
tenets of grand strategy
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US Unified Commands AOR
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3. The United States as an Asia-Pacific Power
Impact of Global Economic Crisis
U.S. moral authority dented and attraction ofcapitalist development model undermined
National economic recovery and economic
rowth ke riorit for all
Impact on defence budget on procurement and
Navy ship building affected
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ompe ngU.S. National Securit Strate ies
Selective engagement Cooperative security
Neo-isolationism
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- . .
U.S. National Security Policy and QDR U.S. commitment to allies throu h forward
presence and power projection (Guam)
Japan, Korea, China and Indonesia
ecre ary o e ense o er a es a en eShangri-la Dialogue
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Commander U.S. Pacific Command
Keating
os ure
Statements to Houseand Senate Armed
Services Committees
(March 2009)
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U.S. Pacific Command Strategy
. .
Theater Security Cooperation Plan CHODS Chiefs of Defense Conference
MPAT - Multinational Planning and Augmentation
CARAT - Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training
SEACAT SE Asia Coo eration A ainst Terrorism
APCSS Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies
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Cornerstone of U.S. strategy Prime Minister Aso received in White House
Defense Policy Review Initiative
Guam International Agreement
New Japanese Prime Minister Trilateral Security Dialogue
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Summit, London (March 2009)
ocus on ort orea
nuclear proliferation U.S. Forces Korea transformation
Consolidation south of Han river
Assumption of war-time operational control by
2012
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One China Policy but Taiwan Relations Act Taiwan Strait contingencies
G2 meeting of Presidents Obama and Hu
Jintao on sidelined of G20 London Summit Strategic and Economic Dialogue
State/Foreign Affairs and Treasury
Resumption of military-to-military relations
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Im l In i n
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Marciel, July 15th
U.S. has concerns about claims to territorialwaters or an maritime zone that does not
derive from a land territory. Such maritime
claims are not consistent with international law The U.S. objects to any effort to intimidate U.S.
. .
Testimony to U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign
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Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defence
Robert Scher, July 15
. ear y emons ra ng, y wor an ee , a . .
forces will remain present and postured as the.
2. Deliberate and calibrated assertions of our freedom
3. Building stronger security relationships with partners
in the re ion at both olic and o erational levels
4. Strengthening the military-diplomatic mechanisms
we have with China to im rove communications and
reduce risk of miscalculation
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Philippines
Operation Enduring Freedom-Philippines
Training, advising, assisting AFP in WOT
Improve health, education and economic opportunities
Thailand
Hosts Exercise COBRA GOLD
Engineering deployments to Afghanistan and Iraq
Free Trade Agreement under negotiation
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Sin a ore: Ma or Securit Partner Free Trade Agreement (2004)
mer ca s en arges ra ng par ner
Strategic Framework Agreement and Defence
Access to port and airfield facilities
to address common threats terrorism, WMDproliferation
Military training exercises, military science andtechnolo ,
Participant in Proliferation Security Initiative andContainer Security Initiative
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Engagement with Southeast Asia
Malaysia: Southeast Asia Re ional Center for Combatin
Terrorism
Free Trade A reement under ne otiation
Indonesia
Aid for improved governance and education
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Engagement with Southeast Asia
Vietnam: Bilateral Trade Agreement (2001)
International Military Education & Training
Co-hosted PACOM military medicine conference High-level visits
U.S.-Vietnam Human Rights Dialogue
(Permanent Normal Trade Relations) status
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Engagement with Southeast Asia
Cambodia: Assistance in recovering from war
Promotion of democracy
Burma/Myanmar: Burma Freedom and Democracy Act (sanctions)
Intensify pressures to release political prisoners and
empower people to determine their own future
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Regional Organisations: ASEAN
Fifth largest market for U.S. exports in world
Post-Ministerial Conference July 2009
(TAC)
mer ca s ac Softening of hard line towards Myanmar
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ASEAN Regional Forum
U.S. a founding member
Regional Forum in 2009
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security threats such as maritime security,
,security
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Other Regional Associations
East Asian Summit Interagency review process underway toe erm ne e n e a es s ou app y or
membership
APEC Trade and investment liberalization that holds
high-level summit meetings
Six Party Talks Under Bush Administration considered an
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e n te tates-
Security Studies (Regional)
September 29, 2009