The BiomeTaiga

General Information• Temperature

– Between -65° and 70°F – For half of the year, the average temperature is below freezing.

• Precipitation– The average precipitation per year is about 40 inches. – Forms of precipitation are rain, snow and dew.– Most of the precipitation in the Taiga falls as rain in the summer. – Snow melts and the ground becomes wet and swampy because the

deeper ground is frozen• Solar Insolation

– The main seasons in the taiga are winter and summer. – Winter lasts up to six months.– Short summers (50 to 100 frost-free days) are characteristic. – Fall is the shortest season.

• Limiting Factors– The main limiting factors in the Taiga are the extreme cold,

heavy snow fall and food shortage.

In Canada, Alaska, northern Asia, and northern Europe

Europe

AsiaCanad

a

Alaska

Species Diversity• Plants

– Not a lot of species of plants because of the harsh conditions and the extremely cold winters.

– Some lichens and mosses.– Most plants are coniferous trees like pine, white

spruce, hemlock and douglas fir. – The taiga also contains some deciduous trees like

birch, aspen and alder.• Animals

– Animals of the taiga tend to be predators like the lynx, wolverine, bobcat, mink and ermine.

– They hunt herbivores like snowshoe rabbits and red squirrels.

– Red deer, elk, and moose can be found in regions of the taiga where more deciduous trees grow.

– Many insect eating birds come to the taiga to breed.– Seed eaters like finches and sparrows, and

omnivorous birds like crows stay all year long.

Moose Beaver Wolf Black bear

Hawk Owl LynxWolverineRed Squirrel

Snowshoe Rabbit

• Conifer trees (have cones)• Have needles covered with wax

• Wax protects the needles from freezing

cone

needles

Kinds of conifer trees

pine

firspruce

Taiga Food Chain

Conifer Cones

Red Squirrel

Bobcat

Sun

Photosynthesis

Bobcat eats squirrel

Squirrel eats cone

Interesting Facts• Adaptations

– Most evergreens have a cascading cone shape. This allows snow to roll off of its branches.

• If the branches held more snow it would increase the chance of them breaking during a heavy storm.

– Needles are adapted to the taiga environment. They lose less water and shed snow more easily than broad leaves

– Some animals have structural adaptations that help them survive in the taiga.

• The Canadian lynx's wide paws work like snowshoes. • Grizzly bears avoid the coldest weather by going into their dens in the

fall and staying there until the early spring. • Thick fur, layers of fat, insulating feathers, able to change fur color from

brown to white • Decomposition

– Because of cold temperatures decomposition is slow in the taiga. – Since decomposition is slow, the soil is thin and lacking in nutrients. – Trees grow taller where warmer temperatures allow for faster

decomposition or where streams and rivers carry nutrients from higher ground.