The CellThe CellStructures and Structures and

FunctionsFunctions

The Eukaryotic CellThe Eukaryotic Cell

•Protists, Protists, Fungi, Fungi, Plants and Plants and Animals are Animals are examples of examples of Eukaryotes.Eukaryotes.

•Although they Although they are different, are different, each of them each of them contain many contain many of the same of the same cellular cellular componentscomponents

Cellular OrganellesCellular Organelles• Organelle literally means “tiny Organelle literally means “tiny

organs”organs”

• Eukaryotic Cells contain cellular Eukaryotic Cells contain cellular organelles that perform specific organelles that perform specific functions for the cellfunctions for the cell

The Animal CellThe Animal Cell• All animals All animals

including humans including humans contain animal cellscontain animal cells

• These cells are These cells are individually individually specialized for specialized for specific functionsspecific functions

CytoplasmCytoplasm

•A jelly-like A jelly-like substance substance that contains that contains or holds of or holds of cell’scell’s

organellesorganelles

The Nucleus The Nucleus • The brain of the cellThe brain of the cell

• Contains all of an Contains all of an organisms genetic organisms genetic informationinformation

• Controls ALL Controls ALL cellular functionscellular functions

The Nucleus Cont……The Nucleus Cont……• NucleolusNucleolus- the - the

center of the center of the nucleus contains nucleus contains chromosomes and chromosomes and makes ribosomesmakes ribosomes

• Nuclear Envelope-Nuclear Envelope- separates nucleus separates nucleus from the cytoplasmfrom the cytoplasm

The MitochondrionThe Mitochondrion• Supplies the energy Supplies the energy

needed by the cellneeded by the cell

• Also known as the Also known as the “power house” of “power house” of the cellthe cell

• ATP is the cells ATP is the cells form of energyform of energy

LysosomesLysosomes• Also known as Also known as

the stomach or the stomach or trash can of the trash can of the cellcell

• It contains the It contains the cells digestive cells digestive enzymesenzymes

RibosomesRibosomes• Ribosomes make Ribosomes make

proteins which proteins which contain genetic contain genetic informationinformation

• The ribosome is The ribosome is made in the made in the nucleolus nucleolus

The Golgi ApparatusThe Golgi Apparatus• Packages proteins Packages proteins

for export by the for export by the cellcell

• Similar to factory Similar to factory workers workers

• Appear as flattened Appear as flattened sacks sacks

MicrotubulesMicrotubules• Pass information Pass information

from the nucleus from the nucleus to other parts of to other parts of the cellsthe cells

• Microtubules act Microtubules act as telephone as telephone wires wires

Smooth Endoplasmic Smooth Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum

• Makes steroids and Makes steroids and regulates calcium regulates calcium levelslevels

• Breaks down toxic Breaks down toxic substancessubstances

• Smooth ER acts like Smooth ER acts like a factorya factory

Rough Endoplasmic Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum

• Moves proteins Moves proteins through the cellthrough the cell

• Rough ER acts as Rough ER acts as delivery trucksdelivery trucks

• Rough ER are Rough ER are covered in covered in ribosomesribosomes

Cell MembraneCell Membrane• Selectively Selectively

permeable / semi-permeable / semi-permeablepermeable

• Lipid bi-layer (2) Lipid bi-layer (2) • Controls what Controls what

enters and leaves enters and leaves the cell the cell

• Found in both plant Found in both plant and animal cellsand animal cells

The Plant CellThe Plant Cell• Contains many Contains many

of the same of the same organelles as the organelles as the animal cellsanimal cells

• Characterized by Characterized by its square shape, its square shape, chloroplast, and chloroplast, and central vacuolecentral vacuole

The Cell WallThe Cell Wall• Help plants to Help plants to

keep their shape keep their shape and offers and offers protectionprotection

• Made of Made of cellulose, a cellulose, a carbohydratecarbohydrate

ChloroplastChloroplast• Uses light energy Uses light energy

to make sugars to make sugars (food for plants)(food for plants)

• The site of The site of photosynthesis photosynthesis

• Contains Contains chlorophyll which chlorophyll which gives plants their gives plants their green colorgreen color

VacuoleVacuole• Stores water, Stores water,

nutrients and nutrients and wasteswastes

• The largest The largest organelle found organelle found in the plant cellin the plant cell

The Eukaryotic CellThe Eukaryotic Cell