the civil war lincoln envisioned that the war would only last for 90 days. however, the first...
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The Civil WarThe Civil War Lincoln envisioned that the war would only last Lincoln envisioned that the war would only last
for 90 days. for 90 days. However, the First Battle of Bull run would However, the First Battle of Bull run would
change this view. change this view. Lincoln decides to attack a Confederate force 30 Lincoln decides to attack a Confederate force 30
miles southwest of Washington.miles southwest of Washington. GoalsGoals
Show superior force of the Union. Show superior force of the Union. With a quick defeat, demoralize the South’s dreams of With a quick defeat, demoralize the South’s dreams of
successionsuccession Perhaps, if possible, attack Richmond some 100 Perhaps, if possible, attack Richmond some 100
miles to the Southmiles to the South
OverviewOverviewofof
the the North’sNorth’s
Civil WarCivil WarStrategy:Strategy:
OverviewOverviewofof
the the North’sNorth’s
Civil WarCivil WarStrategy:Strategy:
The “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” Plan
Paradox of Bull RunParadox of Bull Run Important psychological and political Important psychological and political
consequences:consequences: NorthNorth
• Defeat better than victory for the North. Defeat better than victory for the North. • Dispelled all dreams of a quick war and victoryDispelled all dreams of a quick war and victory• This convinced the Union of the need to focus on winning the This convinced the Union of the need to focus on winning the
war and focus on putting all their resources towards winning war and focus on putting all their resources towards winning the war. the war.
SouthSouth• Victory worse than defeatVictory worse than defeat• Inflated their already overconfident egos and many soldiers Inflated their already overconfident egos and many soldiers
became deserters and enlistment fell. became deserters and enlistment fell. • War preparations slacked, especially for the long war ahead War preparations slacked, especially for the long war ahead
of the.of the.
Battle of Bull Run Battle of Bull Run (1(1stst Manassas) Manassas)
July, 1861July, 1861
Battle of Bull Run Battle of Bull Run (1(1stst Manassas) Manassas)
July, 1861July, 1861
Stonewall Jackson earned his nickname in Leading the Confederates to Victory. He wasAlso aided by reinforcements. The Union army Scattered and fled. Confederates were too Exhausted to pursue them. As a result, theConfederate soldiers ate the lunches that UnionSpectators brought with them. Hence, the term“military picnic.”
Peninsular CampaignPeninsular Campaign George McClellan was put in charge of George McClellan was put in charge of
the Army of the Potomac.the Army of the Potomac. Positives:Positives:
• He was a superb organizer and drillmaster. He was a superb organizer and drillmaster. • Injected morale into his troopsInjected morale into his troops• Hated to sacrifice his troops, he was idolized Hated to sacrifice his troops, he was idolized
by themby them NegativesNegatives
• Overly cautious and wanted everything to be Overly cautious and wanted everything to be perfect before attacking, which rarely happens perfect before attacking, which rarely happens in warin war
• Lincoln said he had the “slows”Lincoln said he had the “slows”
Due to his inaction, the Potomac Due to his inaction, the Potomac became known as “All Quiet on the became known as “All Quiet on the Potomac” and McClellan known as Potomac” and McClellan known as ‘Tardy George.”‘Tardy George.”
George McClellanMcClellan
Peninsular CampaignPeninsular Campaign Spring of 1862, McClellan finally Spring of 1862, McClellan finally
decides to attack, using a waterborne decides to attack, using a waterborne approach to finally attack Richmond.approach to finally attack Richmond.
He left with 100,000 soldiers. He left with 100,000 soldiers. One month to take YorktownOne month to take Yorktown Last minute, reinforcements diverted Last minute, reinforcements diverted
and General Lee launched a and General Lee launched a counterattack outside Richmond, counterattack outside Richmond, known as the Seven Days’ Battle.known as the Seven Days’ Battle.
Union forces drove back to the sea Union forces drove back to the sea and abandoned the Peninsular and abandoned the Peninsular Campaign as a costly failure. Campaign as a costly failure.
McClellan replaced as General.McClellan replaced as General.
Lee’s Ironic VictoryLee’s Ironic Victory Lee’s victory was brilliant and stunning in the Lee’s victory was brilliant and stunning in the
Seven Days' Battle. However, it was also ironicSeven Days' Battle. However, it was also ironic If Richmond was taken, war may have ended and If Richmond was taken, war may have ended and
slavery most likely would not have been eliminated.slavery most likely would not have been eliminated. Lee’s victory almost ensured that the war would not Lee’s victory almost ensured that the war would not
end until a total defeat of the South and also slavery end until a total defeat of the South and also slavery was abolished. was abolished.
This is evidenced in the fact that Lincoln starts to This is evidenced in the fact that Lincoln starts to change his rhetoric after Lee’s victory to emancipation change his rhetoric after Lee’s victory to emancipation and abolition. and abolition.
Lincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s Generals
Irwin McDowellIrwin McDowellIrwin McDowellIrwin McDowell
Winfield ScottWinfield ScottWinfield ScottWinfield Scott
George McClellan,George McClellan,Again!Again!
George McClellan,George McClellan,Again!Again!
George McClellanMcClellanGeorge McClellanMcClellan
Ambrose BurnsideAmbrose Burnside
Joseph HookerJoseph HookerJoseph HookerJoseph Hooker
George MeadeGeorge MeadeGeorge MeadeGeorge MeadeUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant
McClellan: McClellan: I Can Do It I Can Do It All!All!
McClellan: McClellan: I Can Do It I Can Do It All!All!
The Confederate The Confederate GeneralsGenerals
The Confederate The Confederate GeneralsGenerals
Jeb StuartJeb StuartJeb StuartJeb Stuart
James LongstreetJames LongstreetJames LongstreetJames Longstreet
George PickettGeorge PickettGeorge PickettGeorge Pickett
““Stonewall” JacksonStonewall” Jackson““Stonewall” JacksonStonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Nathan Bedford ForrestForrest
Nathan Bedford Nathan Bedford ForrestForrest
Robert E. LeeRobert E. LeeRobert E. LeeRobert E. Lee
Union’s total warUnion’s total war
6 components6 components Slowly suffocate the South by blockading its coastsSlowly suffocate the South by blockading its coasts Liberate the slaves and undermine the economic Liberate the slaves and undermine the economic
foundations of the Southfoundations of the South Cut Confederacy in half by seizing control of the Cut Confederacy in half by seizing control of the
MississippiMississippi Chop the Confederacy to pieces by sending troops Chop the Confederacy to pieces by sending troops
through Georgia and the Carolinasthrough Georgia and the Carolinas Decapitate the South by capturing its capital, Decapitate the South by capturing its capital,
RichmondRichmond Try anywhere to engage the enemy’s main strength Try anywhere to engage the enemy’s main strength
and grind it into submission (Grant’s idea)and grind it into submission (Grant’s idea)
Union BlockadeUnion Blockade Difficult to blockade 3500 miles of coast, so the Difficult to blockade 3500 miles of coast, so the
North concentrated on major ports and docks. North concentrated on major ports and docks. Why did Britain not defy the blockade? Why did Britain not defy the blockade?
Many reasons, but one major is it did not want to tie Many reasons, but one major is it did not want to tie its hands in case of future war. Basically, they may its hands in case of future war. Basically, they may want to use it in the future, so don’t violate other want to use it in the future, so don’t violate other blockades.blockades.
Blockade running still occurred, especially as Blockade running still occurred, especially as prices rose and profits were to be made. Most prices rose and profits were to be made. Most successful were swift gray painted steamers successful were swift gray painted steamers built in Scotland. Risks were great, but profits built in Scotland. Risks were great, but profits sometimes near 700%.sometimes near 700%.
The Battle of the The Battle of the Ironclads,Ironclads,
March, 1862March, 1862
The Battle of the The Battle of the Ironclads,Ironclads,
March, 1862March, 1862The Monitor
vs.the Merrimac
The Monitor vs.
the Merrimac
Important naval battle because it madeWooden ships less viable and more Vulnerable to attack. The world’s Navies would start to invest in iron ships
Damage on the Deck of the Damage on the Deck of the MonitorMonitor
Damage on the Deck of the Damage on the Deck of the MonitorMonitor
Second Battle of Bull RunSecond Battle of Bull Run After defeating McClellan at Richmond, Lee decided to After defeating McClellan at Richmond, Lee decided to
head North with his armyhead North with his army At the Second Battle of Bull Run, he faced off against At the Second Battle of Bull Run, he faced off against
General John Pope. Pope boasted that in the western General John Pope. Pope boasted that in the western theater, he only saw the backs of the Confederate soldiers. theater, he only saw the backs of the Confederate soldiers.
However, at Bull Run, Lee and the Confederates destroyed However, at Bull Run, Lee and the Confederates destroyed Pope. Pope.
Lee then decided to attack into Maryland, for two main Lee then decided to attack into Maryland, for two main reasons:reasons: 1. A bold victory in Union territory might convince 1. A bold victory in Union territory might convince
foreign interventionforeign intervention 2. Maryland was a Border State and still wavering on its 2. Maryland was a Border State and still wavering on its
decision to join the Union. Lee hoped to seduce decision to join the Union. Lee hoped to seduce Maryland to the Confederate side.Maryland to the Confederate side.
War in the East: 1861-War in the East: 1861-18621862
War in the East: 1861-War in the East: 1861-18621862
AntietamAntietam
Little Mac returned as General of the Army Little Mac returned as General of the Army of the Potomac. of the Potomac.
His soldiers hailed his return and where His soldiers hailed his return and where excited to have him backexcited to have him back
Some Union soldiers found a copy of Some Union soldiers found a copy of Lee’s battle plans for Antietam wrapped Lee’s battle plans for Antietam wrapped around a pack of cigars (discarded by a around a pack of cigars (discarded by a Confederate officer). This intelligence Confederate officer). This intelligence allowed McClellan to halt Lee’s allowed McClellan to halt Lee’s advancement North. advancement North.
Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the “Bloodiest Single Day of the
War”War”
Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the “Bloodiest Single Day of the
War”War”
23,000 23,000 casualtiescasualties
23,000 23,000 casualtiescasualties
September 17, September 17, 18621862September 17, September 17, 18621862
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Antietam's ImportanceAntietam's Importance Bloodiest day of the Civil War (23,000 casualties)Bloodiest day of the Civil War (23,000 casualties) Confederate’s were never sop close to victory as on that Confederate’s were never sop close to victory as on that
day, but victory was elusive. Consequently, neither the day, but victory was elusive. Consequently, neither the British nor the French decided to aid the Confederate British nor the French decided to aid the Confederate States.States.
Antietam also allowed Lincoln to get his needed victory Antietam also allowed Lincoln to get his needed victory for the Emancipation Proclamation (written in summer of for the Emancipation Proclamation (written in summer of 1862, he needed to wait for a victory before announcing 1862, he needed to wait for a victory before announcing it.)it.)
By issuing the Proclamation, Civil War became not only By issuing the Proclamation, Civil War became not only a war to save the Union, but also a moral war to end a war to save the Union, but also a moral war to end slavery. Now, the nature of the war will change. It will slavery. Now, the nature of the war will change. It will become a war of subjugation, of complete destruction of become a war of subjugation, of complete destruction of the Souththe South
TheTheEmancipatiEmancipati
ononProclamatioProclamatio
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TheTheEmancipatiEmancipati
ononProclamatioProclamatio
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Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863, Lincoln issued the final January 1, 1863, Lincoln issued the final
Emancipation Proclamation. Emancipation Proclamation. Declared “forever free’ the slaves of the Confederate Declared “forever free’ the slaves of the Confederate
States still in rebellion. States still in rebellion. Border States not affected nor specific conquered Border States not affected nor specific conquered
areas in the Southareas in the South 800,000 total not set free800,000 total not set free
So, essentially, where Lincoln could legally free So, essentially, where Lincoln could legally free slaves, he did not. And where he could not slaves, he did not. And where he could not legally free slaves, he did. Thus, as noted, the legally free slaves, he did. Thus, as noted, the Emancipation Proclamation was much more Emancipation Proclamation was much more proclamation than emancipation.proclamation than emancipation.
Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation
Many slaves voted with their feet by fleeing their Many slaves voted with their feet by fleeing their plantations and joining the Union armies as they plantations and joining the Union armies as they approached.approached.
In total, 1 of every 7 slaves escaped to the Union In total, 1 of every 7 slaves escaped to the Union during the war. during the war.
Slavery not officially legally abolished until the Slavery not officially legally abolished until the 1313thth amendment in 1865. amendment in 1865.
The Proclamation also changed the nature of the The Proclamation also changed the nature of the war because both sides understood that there war because both sides understood that there was not chance at a negotiated settlement. was not chance at a negotiated settlement.
Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863Public opinion was varied.Horace Greely championedthe announcement. Other abolitionists said it did notgo far enough.
Some even thought LincolnHad gone too far. Border States and the Old Northwest in particular.
There was a movement in The North against Supporting the “Abolition War.”
Many Border State soldiersdeserted, stating they foughtTo save the union, not forAbolition.
The Southern View of The Southern View of EmancipationEmancipation
The Southern View of The Southern View of EmancipationEmancipation
South claimed that Lincoln was trying toconjure up the “hellish passions”of slave insurrection.
African-American Recruiting African-American Recruiting PosterPoster
African-American Recruiting African-American Recruiting PosterPoster As emancipation
Happened, Lincoln alsoMoved to enlist blackSoldiers.
By war’s end, 180,000Blacks served in the Union army. Most wereFrom the slave states, But some came from Free states too.
10% of all enlisted Soldiers and 2 regimentsIn Massachusetts were All-black regiments.
Famous 54th regiment Led by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw.
The Famous 54The Famous 54thth MassachusettsMassachusetts
The Famous 54The Famous 54thth MassachusettsMassachusetts
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August Saint-Gaudens August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Memorial to Col. Robert
Gould ShawGould Shaw
August Saint-Gaudens August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Memorial to Col. Robert
Gould ShawGould Shaw
African-AmericansAfrican-Americansin Civil War Battlesin Civil War BattlesAfrican-AmericansAfrican-Americansin Civil War Battlesin Civil War Battles
Why did many blacks Enlist?1.) After the proclamation, Many joined in the fight toEliminate slavery
2.) also a means to prove one’s worth as a man and asa way to strengthen claim forcitizenship.
In total, over 80,000 enlistedBlack soldiers died. Many,When captured were put toDeath as slaves in revolt andThe south did not recognizeThem as prisoners of war Until 1864.
The Confederacy and SlavesThe Confederacy and SlavesThe Confederacy and SlavesThe Confederacy and SlavesSouth did not enlist blackSoldiers until the last monthOf the war. However, manySlaves were forced to workIn labor battalions
However, slaves often Sabotaged the Confederate Effort:- “home guards” had to protectFrom slave rebellions-slowdowns, strikes, open defiance diminished productivity.
As “intelligent contraband,”Slaves served as spies, guides,And scouts for the Union.
Black Troops Freeing SlavesBlack Troops Freeing Slaves
This painting dramatically commemorates the contributions and sacrifices of the 180,000 African Americans who served in This painting dramatically commemorates the contributions and sacrifices of the 180,000 African Americans who served in the Union army during the Civil War.the Union army during the Civil War.
A Bit of War History: Contraband, Recruit, Veteran, by Thomas A Bit of War History: Contraband, Recruit, Veteran, by Thomas Waterman Wood, 1865–1866Waterman Wood, 1865–1866
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Charles Stewart Smith, 1884 (84.12a/b/c) Photograph ©1991 The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Fredericksburg and ChancellorsvilleFredericksburg and ChancellorsvilleMcClellan was replaced again by Lincoln, thisTime by General A.E. Burnside. He stated He was unfit for the responsibility than proved itAt the Battle of Fredericksburg.
Burnside launched a frontal attack on Lee and The Confederate Troops, only to have 10,000Of his men slaughtered. This became known as“Burnside’s Slaughter Pen.”
Next came General Hooker. On May 2-4, 1863,Lee attacked at Chancellorsville with inferior Forces and by having Stonewall Jackson attackThe Union flank. Strategy worked and Lee gotOne of his most impressive and brilliant victoriesOf the war. However, Stonewall Jackson was Shot by friendly fire and died a few days later
The Road to The Road to Gettysburg: 1863Gettysburg: 1863
The Road to The Road to Gettysburg: 1863Gettysburg: 1863
Meade and GettysburgMeade and GettysburgMeade told, three days before the war, that he Would lead the Union at Gettysburg.
Meade, by accident, took up a position atop A low ridge. There his 92,000 Union troops Looked out at Lee’s 76,000 Confederate troops.
Battle raged on for 3 days from July 1-July 31863.
Deciding push was Pickets charge. However, heWas unsuccessful and this broke the back of theConfederates at Gettysburg.
Davis already sent a delegation to negotiate peaceTerms to D.C. Lincoln refused to let peace missionPass.
Gettysburg Gettysburg CasualtiesCasualtiesGettysburg Gettysburg CasualtiesCasualties
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Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. GrantGraduated from West Point, a mediocre student, Who was a great horsemen and decent at math.
Fought in the Mexican War, but was commissionedTo frontier posts after the war, and the boredom andLoneliness drove him to drink.
He resigned from the Army instead of being Court-martialed due to his drunkenness.
When the Civil War came, he was working in his Father’s leather store for $50 month.
He became a colonel in the volunteer army and overTime his experience coupled with his audacityLed to his meteoric rise
By fighting in Tennessee, he made a name for himself. At Fort Donelson and Fort Henry, he won and his terms were “unconditional and immediate surrender
Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant Victories in Tennessee Victories in Tennessee
important:important: Linked Kentucky closer to the Linked Kentucky closer to the
UnionUnion Opened up Tennessee to the Opened up Tennessee to the
Union and also access to Union and also access to Georgia, the heart of DixieGeorgia, the heart of Dixie
Grant, however, loses at Grant, however, loses at Shiloh, on April 6-7, 1862. Shiloh, on April 6-7, 1862.
Lincoln refused to remove Lincoln refused to remove Grant because he actually Grant because he actually fights. When told of his fights. When told of his drinking, Lincoln does not care drinking, Lincoln does not care and says he will send a barrel and says he will send a barrel of whatever Grant drinks to all of whatever Grant drinks to all of his generals. of his generals.
Extensive Legislation Extensive Legislation PassedPassed
Without the South in Without the South in CongressCongress
Extensive Legislation Extensive Legislation PassedPassed
Without the South in Without the South in CongressCongress
1861 – Morrill Tariff Act
1862 – Homestead Act
1862 – Legal Tender Act
1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act
1862 – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863)
1863 – Pacific Railway Act
1863 – National Bank Act
1861 – Morrill Tariff Act
1862 – Homestead Act
1862 – Legal Tender Act
1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act
1862 – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863)
1863 – Pacific Railway Act
1863 – National Bank Act
The War in The War in the West, the West, 1862-1863:1862-1863:
New New OrleansOrleans
VicksburgVicksburg
Port Port HudsonHudson
The War in The War in the West, the West, 1862-1863:1862-1863:
New New OrleansOrleans
VicksburgVicksburg
Port Port HudsonHudson
Union VictoriesUnion Victories Victories at Gettysburg was July 3 and at Victories at Gettysburg was July 3 and at
Vicksburg it was July 4Vicksburg it was July 4thth
Victories important:Victories important: Mississippi was controlled by Union and cut South in Mississippi was controlled by Union and cut South in
half. half. Also as important, the economic livelihood of many of Also as important, the economic livelihood of many of
the border states depended on the Mississippi. With the border states depended on the Mississippi. With the Union in control, it helps diminish some anger the Union in control, it helps diminish some anger from fighting an “Abolition War.”from fighting an “Abolition War.”
Diplomatically, both France and Britain favor the Diplomatically, both France and Britain favor the Union (stop sales of Laird rams and also six naval Union (stop sales of Laird rams and also six naval vessels to Confederates)vessels to Confederates)
Grant and Tennessee AgainGrant and Tennessee Again
Grant was next transferred Grant was next transferred to the Tennessee war front to the Tennessee war front where Confederates had where Confederates had pushed back Union forces. pushed back Union forces.
He wins at the Battle He wins at the Battle Above the Clouds near Above the Clouds near Chattanooga. Chattanooga.
Tennessee is cleared of Tennessee is cleared of Confederates and this Confederates and this leaves Georgia vulnerable leaves Georgia vulnerable to attackto attack
ShermaSherman’sn’s
“March“Marchto theto theSea”Sea”
throughthroughGeorgia,Georgia,
18641864
ShermaSherman’sn’s
“March“Marchto theto theSea”Sea”
throughthroughGeorgia,Georgia,
18641864
http://www.history.com/videos/sherman-and-the-burning-of-atlanta#sherman-and-the-burning-of-atlanta
Sherman’s March and Total WarSherman’s March and Total War http://www.history.com/videos/sherman-and-the-burning-http://www.history.com/videos/sherman-and-the-burning-
of-atlanta#shermans-legacy-hero-or-monsterof-atlanta#shermans-legacy-hero-or-monster Total WarTotal War
60,000 soldiers burned through Georgia, tore up 60,000 soldiers burned through Georgia, tore up railroads, bayoneted family portraits, and sacked railroads, bayoneted family portraits, and sacked cities.cities.
Goal was to destroy all supply chains and the ability Goal was to destroy all supply chains and the ability for the South to make war. Also, destroy the morale for the South to make war. Also, destroy the morale of the South by not only waging war at the front, but of the South by not only waging war at the front, but also on their homes. also on their homes.
Even though Sherman used brutal tactics, he in many Even though Sherman used brutal tactics, he in many ways most likely shortened the war and saved lives. ways most likely shortened the war and saved lives.
After sacking Savannah, Sherman and his soldiers After sacking Savannah, Sherman and his soldiers moved to South Carolina, where the destruction was moved to South Carolina, where the destruction was worse. Columbia was set ablaze much like Atlanta worse. Columbia was set ablaze much like Atlanta and South Carolina was destroyed as “hellhole of and South Carolina was destroyed as “hellhole of secession.”secession.”
1864 Presidential Election1864 Presidential Election
Politics continue, even during war. And Politics continue, even during war. And Lincoln faced many issues within his own Lincoln faced many issues within his own party during the 1864 election:party during the 1864 election: Congressional Committee on the Conduct of Congressional Committee on the Conduct of
the War:the War:• Led by Secretary of the treasury Salmon Chase Led by Secretary of the treasury Salmon Chase
and formed in late 1861.and formed in late 1861.• Represented a radical group of republicans who Represented a radical group of republicans who
resented the expansion of the presidency and resented the expansion of the presidency and pushed hard for abolition.pushed hard for abolition.
Northern DemocratsNorthern Democrats
Stephen Douglas died seven weeks into the war. Stephen Douglas died seven weeks into the war. Thus, the N. Democrats were without their Thus, the N. Democrats were without their strong leader. Consequently, factions grew strong leader. Consequently, factions grew within the party.within the party. War Democrats- supported the Lincoln administrationWar Democrats- supported the Lincoln administration Peace Democrats- did not support Lincoln.Peace Democrats- did not support Lincoln. Copperheads- openly defiant to Lincoln and his Copperheads- openly defiant to Lincoln and his
administration. Attacked on the draft and especially administration. Attacked on the draft and especially after 1863, they were against emancipation. after 1863, they were against emancipation.
The Peace Movement: The Peace Movement: CopperheadsCopperheads
The Peace Movement: The Peace Movement: CopperheadsCopperheads
Clement Clement VallandighamVallandigham
Clement Clement VallandighamVallandigham
Notorious troublemaker. Spoke up againtThe war and was tried for treasonable Utterances in a military tribunal. Escapes toCanada, still runs for governor of Ohio. Edward Hale was inspired by Vallandigham’sStory and wrote The Man Without a Country
1864 Copperhead 1864 Copperhead Campaign PosterCampaign Poster1864 Copperhead 1864 Copperhead Campaign PosterCampaign Poster
Cartoon Lampoons Cartoon Lampoons Democratic Copperheads Democratic Copperheads
in 1864in 1864
Cartoon Lampoons Cartoon Lampoons Democratic Copperheads Democratic Copperheads
in 1864in 1864
1864 Election1864 Election1864 Election1864 Election
Pres. Lincoln (R)Pres. Lincoln (R)Pres. Lincoln (R)Pres. Lincoln (R)George McClellan George McClellan
(D)(D)George McClellan George McClellan
(D)(D)
So, the Republicans joinedWith the War Democrats toForm the Union Party. They chose Andrew Johnson as his running mate.
The Democrats nominatedGeneral McClellan.
Lincoln’s reelection was in doubt. But a sequenceUnion victories (Mobile, Atlanta, and in Virginia) near election day helped Lincolnat the polls.
PresidentiPresidential Election al Election
ResultsResults::
18641864
PresidentiPresidential Election al Election
ResultsResults::
18641864Many soldiers were sent homeTo support Lincoln at the polls.Some were even allowed to Vote from the front lines.
The victories coupled with the “bayonet vote” allowed Lincoln To win.
The Final Virginia The Final Virginia Campaign:Campaign:1864-18651864-1865
The Final Virginia The Final Virginia Campaign:Campaign:1864-18651864-1865
Lincoln replaced Meade with Grant. Basically, Lincoln neededa general who was a bulldog whowould pursue Lee and the Confederates regardless of casualties.
Grant decided to attack the Confederate armies at the same time so they could be destroyedPiecemeal.
Grant and LeeGrant and Lee
Grant attacked furiously and suffered many Grant attacked furiously and suffered many casualties. Many were aghast at his tactics and casualties. Many were aghast at his tactics and called him Grant the Butcher.called him Grant the Butcher. But, Grant suffered a casualty rate of 1 for every 10 But, Grant suffered a casualty rate of 1 for every 10
soldiers. Lee had a rate of 1 for every 5 soldiers. soldiers. Lee had a rate of 1 for every 5 soldiers. Also, Lee turned the fight into a pure defensive war Also, Lee turned the fight into a pure defensive war
because he knew he did not have the numbers to because he knew he did not have the numbers to fight aggressively. fight aggressively.
Nonetheless, grant understood he outnumbered Lee Nonetheless, grant understood he outnumbered Lee 2:1 and that he would fight to the bitter end. 2:1 and that he would fight to the bitter end.
The Progress of War: The Progress of War: 1861-18651861-1865
The Progress of War: The Progress of War: 1861-18651861-1865
Surrender at Surrender at AppomattoxAppomattox
April 9, 1865April 9, 1865
Surrender at Surrender at AppomattoxAppomattox
April 9, 1865April 9, 1865
The war is over; the rebels are our countrymen again.
Ford’s Theater Ford’s Theater (April 14, (April 14, 1865)1865)
Ford’s Theater Ford’s Theater (April 14, (April 14, 1865)1865)
The AssassinThe AssassinThe AssassinThe Assassin
John Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes Booth
The AssassinationThe AssassinationThe AssassinationThe Assassination
WANTED~WANTED~~!!~!!
WANTED~WANTED~~!!~!!
Now He Belongs to the Now He Belongs to the Ages!Ages!
Now He Belongs to the Now He Belongs to the Ages!Ages!
The ExecutionThe ExecutionThe ExecutionThe Execution
Casualties on Both Casualties on Both SidesSides
Casualties on Both Casualties on Both SidesSides
Civil War CasualtiesCivil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other in Comparison to Other
WarsWars
Civil War CasualtiesCivil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other in Comparison to Other
WarsWars
Costs of the WarCosts of the War
Direct costs were $15 billion. However, that Direct costs were $15 billion. However, that does not account for continuing expensesdoes not account for continuing expenses
Also, the state rightists also die during the war. Also, the state rightists also die during the war. The national government emerged stronger than The national government emerged stronger than ever and the dual nightmares of nullification and ever and the dual nightmares of nullification and secession are laid to restsecession are laid to rest
In the end, the Civil war also preserves In the end, the Civil war also preserves democratic values and American democracy. democratic values and American democracy.