the cold war
DESCRIPTION
The Cold War. United States v. Soviet Union. The U. S. & the U. S. S. R. Emerged as the Two Superpowers of the later 20c. Class work. Directions: Using the maps on page 849 in your textbook and the map that follows , label the Europe after World War II map. Label: Communist Countries - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Cold War
United States v. Soviet Union
![Page 2: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The U. S. & the U. S. S. R. Emerged as the Two
Superpowers of the later 20c
![Page 3: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Class work• Directions: Using the maps on page 849 in your
textbook and the map that follows, label the Europe after World War II map.
• Label:• Communist Countries• Non-Communist Countries• Iron Curtain• NATO Countries• Warsaw Pact Countries
![Page 4: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Beginning of Cold War
• The Cold War was an economic and political power struggle from 1945-1989
• Following World War II, Soviet forces occupied much of Eastern and Central Europe and East Germany.
• Following World War II, Germany was divided as follows:
• A. West Germany was occupied by United States, Great Britain, and France until the adoption of democracy
![Page 6: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Beginning of Cold War
• B. East Germany was dominated by the Soviet Union.
• Berlin was occupied by all Four powers. The United States organized the Berlin Airlift to bring supplies to Berlin when the Soviets blockaded routes from West Germany to West Berlin.
• Following World War II, Japan was occupied by the United States until the adoption of democracy.
![Page 7: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Division of Germany:
1945 - 1990Post WW II:
4 zones created
US, Great Britain, France
West Germany
East Germany:
Soviet UnionBerlin: German capital split into eastern & western halves
![Page 8: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Berlin Airlift: U.S. response to Soviet blockade
U.S. and Allies flew supplies to blockaded West Berlin for 10 months:
277,000 flights
2 million tons of supplies
![Page 9: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Cold War
• In an attempt to prevent the spread of Communism in Europe, the Marshall Plan provided assistance to European countries destroyed by the war.
• The United Nations was formed near the end of World War II. Its purpose was to prevent future wars.
![Page 10: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Marshall Plan: Economic plan to stop the spread of Communism in Europe
• $$$ given to European countries to rebuild after the war.
![Page 11: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Cold War
• The Cold War was an economic and political power struggle from 1945-1989 between the democratic ideals of the United States and the communist government of the Soviet Union.
• The Truman Doctrine was a United States pledge to resist the spread of communism worldwide
![Page 12: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Cold War:(1945-1989)Political & Economic Struggle
USA• Politically: – Democracy
• Economically: – Capitalist– Free Market
USSR• Politically:– Communist
• Economically:– Command Economy–Quota System
![Page 13: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Truman Doctrine• U.S. pledge to
resist the spread of communism worldwide
• Policy of Containment
![Page 14: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Dividing of Europe: The Beginning of the Cold War
Communist satellite governments established in Eastern European countries
Soviet Union creates an Iron Curtain around Southern & Eastern Europe & East Germany
![Page 15: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Cold War
• The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)• Was formed to provide a defensive alliance to
protect Western Europe against an invasion by the Soviet Union.
• The Warsaw Pact, an alliance of Soviet and East European countries, was a response to NATO.
• In 1949, the communists took over China. America feared the spread of communism.
![Page 16: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO):
Protect Western Europe vs Soviet invasion
![Page 17: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Warsaw Pact, an alliance of Soviet and East European countries, was a response to NATO.
![Page 18: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
China: The Communist Victory
World’s largest population now Communist
![Page 19: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Cold War
• The United States and the Soviet Union engaged in a nuclear arms race during the Cold War.
• Massive retaliation was a United States policy adopted during the Eisenhower administration. It threatened the use of nuclear weapons in response to Soviet aggression against another country.
![Page 20: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Nuclear Arms Race: 1949 the Soviets build an A-Bomb
![Page 21: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Massive Retaliation
• U.S. policy of the Eisenhower administration.
• It threatened the use of nuclear weapons in response to Soviet aggression against another country.
![Page 22: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Cold War continued
• Fear of communism and threat of nuclear war affected life in the United States during the Cold War.
• Alger Hiss and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were convicted of spying.
• Senator Joseph McCarthy accused many Americans of spying. This is known as the Red Scare or McCarthyism.
• Foreign policy became a major issue in presidential campaigns.
![Page 23: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Cold War @ Home: Red Scare &
Nuclear Scare
![Page 24: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Communist Spies & Second Red Scare
• Spies in America:
• Alger Hiss & the Rosenberg’s (Julius & Ethel) convicted of spying
• America Paranoid that spies are everywhere
![Page 25: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Communist Spies & Second Red Scare
• HUAC: House Un-American Activities Committee created to investigate potential Communist spies
• Joseph McCarthy: Wisconsin senator gains popularity by publicly accusing people of being spies
• People were considered “guilty” until proven “innocent”
![Page 26: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Korean War
• The United States became involved in the Korean War in 1950 when communist North Korea invaded South Korea.
• China entered the conflict on the side of North Korea. A truce was signed in 1953. Korea remained divided along the 38th parallel.
![Page 27: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Korean War U.S. & UN involved in the Korean War in 1950 Communist North Korea invaded South Korea.China entered on side of North Korea
Korea remained divided at 38th parallel
![Page 28: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Cuba• Cuba is located 90 miles south of the US.• The United States engaged in Cold-War-
related confrontations with Cuba.• In 1959, Fidel Castro took over Cuba in a
communist revolution.• The United States trained a group of Cubans
to invade Cuba. The Bay of Pigs invasion took place in 1961 and failed.
![Page 30: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Cuba• Located 90 miles from Florida• 1959: Fidel Castro took over
in a communist revolution
![Page 31: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Bay of Pigs (1961)
• U.S. trained Cuban rebels invade Cuba & attempt to overthrow Castro.
• IT FAILED• US begins trade
embargo on Cuba (it still exists today)
![Page 32: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Cuba
• In 1962, the Soviet Union began to build missile launchers in Cuba. The United States protested, and for several days, the world worried that a nuclear war would erupt.
• The Soviet Union decided to remove the missiles. This event is known as the Cuban Missile Crisis.
![Page 33: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Cuban Missile Crisis (1962): 13 days in October• JFK President• Issue: Soviet missiles in Cuba • US Response: Protests then
a naval blockade to prevent Soviet ships from reaching Cuba
• Soviet Response: Respect the naval blockade and remove missiles in Cuba
• (US would later remove Nukes from Turkey)
![Page 34: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Cold War continued
• Cold War military contracts benefited Virginia’s economy.
• President Kennedy’s inaugural address became famous for this quote: “ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.”
• Many Americans served in the military during the Cold War; the United States prevailed over the Soviet Union.
• President Kennedy was assassinated in 1963.
![Page 36: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
John F. Kennedy(1961-1963)
“Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country!”
Assassinated in Dallas, Texas in 1963
![Page 37: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Vietnam War
• The United States began providing economic aid to the French in Vietnam as part of the American policy of containment.
• In the 1950’s and 1960’s, communist North Vietnam attempted to force a communist government in South Vietnam. The United States provided assistance to South Vietnam.
• United States military buildup in Vietnam increased during the administrations of Kennedy and Johnson
![Page 38: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Vietnam War
• American military forces repeatedly defeated North Vietnam but were unable to force an end to the war through a limited war.
• America became divided over the Vietnam War. War protests took place, especially on college campuses.
• President Johnson decided not to run for re-election. Richard Nixon was elected president in 1968.
![Page 39: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Vietnam War
• “Vietnamization” was Nixon’s plan to withdraw American troops and replace them with U.S.-supplied South Vietnamese forces. It was unsuccessful because South Vietnamese forces were unable to resist invasion from Soviet-supplied North Vietnam.
• A peace agreement was signed in 1973, and United States troops left Vietnam. In 1975, North Vietnam invaded South Vietnam, which was unable to resist. Vietnam became a united country under a communist government.
![Page 40: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Vietnam War
• Vietnam war veterans returned home to encounter much indifference and hostility. It was several years before Vietnam veterans were honored.
• Today, in Washington D.C. , they have the Vietnam War Veterans wall which lists the names of the fallen soldiers from that conflict
![Page 41: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Cold War continued
The Soviet Union’s Cold War military buildup took a toll on their command economy.
• Soviet Republics began to push for independence
• Mikhail Gorbachev attempted to save the Soviet Union through glasnost and perestroika.
![Page 42: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
End of the Cold War: The fall of the Soviet Union
• Soviet Union economy collapsing
• Soviet republics push for independence
• Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev attempts to save the USSR
• Glasnost: Openness • Perestroika: Economic Reforms• Too little to late
![Page 43: The Cold War](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070423/5681677f550346895ddc8880/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Fall of Berlin Wall• President Reagan
demands the Soviets tear down the Berlin Wall
• Fall of Wall signals end of Cold War