the cold war in asia china and korea
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THE COLD WAR IN ASIA CHINA and KOREA. Essential Question : What impact did the spread of communism into Asia have on the Cold War?. The Cold War was a conflict of rival ideologies between the USA and USSR that lasted from 1945 to 1991 . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
THE COLD WAR IN ASIA
CHINA and KOREA
Essential Question:What impact did the spread of communism into Asia have on the Cold War?
The Cold War was a conflict of rival ideologies between the USA and
USSR that lasted from 1945 to 1991
Early in the Cold War from 1945 to 1949, the focus of the conflict was on Europe
The United States used the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, and NATO to successfully
contain communism in Europe
Beginning in 1949, however, containment seemed to fail as communism spread to
China, Korea, and Vietnam in Asia
For almost 2000 years, China was
the world’s most dominant empire because of trade along
the Silk Road and the power of the ruling dynasties
In the 1600 and 1700s, European nations became powerful,
began exploring, and claiming colonies
The Industrial Revolution in the 1700s and 1800s made Europe the center of power in the world
Europeans used imperialism to control Africa and Asia
Britain won the Opium Wars and claimed trade rights in China
By 1900, China was weak and divided into spheres of influence
In 1912, Sun Yat-sen ended the Chinese dynastic system and created a
democracy called the Republic of China
A group of reformers called nationalists called for changes
But, the republic did not modernize China and led to an
era of chaos
In the 1920s, nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek
took over and ran China as a
dictatorship
Meanwhile, communism
was growing in China under
the leadership of Mao
Zedong
Mao’s Communist Party gained popularity
among poor peasants by offering to
redistribute land from wealthy
warlords
From 1930 to 1949, Nationalists and Communists fought in a bloody civil
war for control of China
From 1930 to 1949, Nationalists and Communists fought in a bloody civil
war for control of China
From 1930 to 1949, Nationalists and Communists fought in a bloody civil
war for control of China
When World War II began and Japan attacked China, Chiang and Mao agreed
to a truce from 1937 to 1945
After World War II was over and Japan was no longer a threat, the Nationalists and Communists continued their conflict
Communists gained support and began to win control of China
In 1949, the Communists won the Civil War and Mao created the Peoples’ Republic of China
The three “revolutionary” Communists Karl Marx Vladimir Lenin Mao Zedong
Chiang’s government
fled China and set up in Taiwan
The USA was shocked when
China fell to communism
and only recognized the Nationalists as the legitimate government of
China
Mao was determined to reshape China’s economy based on Marxist socialism
He seized land from the rich and divided the land among the
poor peasants
Mao followed Stalin’s example by creating collective farms
and a Five Year Plan to improve Chinese industry
Mao’s “Great Leap
Forward”In 1958, Mao began a massive program to increase agriculture
and industry called the
“Great Leap Forward”
Millions of Chinese citizens
were sent to work on large
collective farms to grow food
Image of a “People’s Commune”
“Backyard furnaces” to make iron
Other citizens were required to work on massive
industrial projects like
making iron and steel or building
dams and railroads
“Struggle hard for three years. Change the face of China. Catch up with Britain
and America.”-Mao, 1958
Mao’s Great Leap Forward started well…
…but, it required forced labor and led to terrible suffering by millions of Chinese citizens
Even when informed of
massive shortages of grain, Mao
pressed on with industrializing China, using
brutal violence and terror to
force the people to do what Mao
wanted
The Great Leap Forward was a failure and led severe food shortages,
famine, and poor-quality industry
Mao’s indifference
to his people’s
suffering and the famine caused the
deaths of as many as 45
million Chinese people
Mao looked for another way to maintain control over China
Mao ended the Great Leap Forward after three years
Mao’s “Cultural
Revolution”
After the failure of the Great Leap
Forward, Mao began the Cultural
Revolution (1966 -1976)
The goal of the Cultural Revolution was to emphasize Mao’s strict socialist ideas and
attack traditional Chinese ideas
Mao distributed to all Chinese citizens the “Little Red Book,” a book of his quotes that reinforced what was acceptable for Chinese communists
Mao targeted young people
for recruitment into his Red
Guards, a group that
protected the communist
culture of the revolution
Mao targeted young people
for recruitment into his Red
Guards, a group that
protected the communist
culture of the revolution
Mao targeted young people
for recruitment into his Red Guards, a group that
protected the communist
culture of the revolution
Red Guards closed schools
and universities and burned books; they
also humiliated,
beat, arrested, and killed
people who opposed
Mao’s ideas
Red Guards closed schools
and universities and burned books; they
also humiliated,
beat, arrested, and killed
people who opposed
Mao’s ideas
Parades united citizens
The Cultural Revolution unified the
Chinese people, but also led to the deaths
or imprisonment of many thousands of
citizens
Executing teachers, politicians, critics
In 1976, Mao Zedong died and was followedby more moderate Communist leaders
Mao’s legacies are the tens of millions of deaths he caused and that China remains a Communist nation today
THE COLD WAR IN
KOREA
The fall of China to communism had a major impact on the Cold War between the USA and USSR
America’s response to
the fall of China was
to more aggressively
confront communism in
the world
The USA was afraid of a “domino effect” in which
communist nations make their neighbors fall to communism
As a result, the USA vowed to contain the spread of communism anywhere in the world
The USA acted when communism threatened Korea
After the war, Korea was divided along the “38th Parallel” with a
communist government in North
Korea and a democracy in South Korea
During World War II, Korea was liberated
from Japanese control by the U.S. Army in the
South and the Soviet Army in the North
In 1950, North Korea (using Soviet supplied weapons) crossed the
38th Parallel and attacked South Korea
When South Korea appealed to the United Nations, the USA sent
troops to fight the communist North Koreans
But, when the Americans pushed too close to China, the Chinese Army
entered the war and helped North Korea
After three years of fighting, a ceasefire was agreed to in 1953, the Korean War stopped, and the “38th Parallel” was restored as the boundary
between North and South Koreas
The USA successfully stopped
communism from spreading into
South Korea and showed that it was willing to fight to
contain communism
Today, Korea remains divided
between acommunist North and a democratic
South
The fighting in Korea convinced many nations
to not choose a side during the Cold War
These “neutral” countries during the Cold War were known as the
“non-aligned nations”
While Korea was a success, the Cold War would escalate in the 1950s and 1960s as communism
threatened Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America
Revamped and redone by
Christopher Jaskowiak
Thanks to Brooks Baggett for several of the slides