the dark ages - wikispaces infidels because they were muslim. at the council of clermont the pope...

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6 Dark Ages.notebook 1 November 13, 2012 Oct 28 10:51 AM The Dark Ages The Dark Ages The Dark Ages Europe between the Franks, the Ostrogoths, and the Crusades Ostrogoths overtake Rome Kept the senate and tradtions of Rome Many other Germanic tribes sweep in Roman influence is gone by the 7800's Constantly on the move hunters and gatherers, farmed little, quite warlike pig herders tetracyathine, weak form of steroids = aggression loyalty within the families women were well respected powerful families chosen to lead in war > great honor made themselves kings, gave lands to nobles, freemen semifree peasants slaves from conquest and debt rules run by the kings, blood feuds, blood money allowed people to practice Roman laws Latin Christiandom Catholic Church was the only remnant of Rome to survive diocese headed by a bishop/archbishop, 1 pope took political/social power when Rome failed due to the lack of security in life, monasticism grows monks and nuns> spread the gospel and history St. Patrick of Ireland > missionaries Hand copied texts St. Benedict of Nursea > spread monasticism Monte Cassino near Naples wrote rules for monastic life clothing, food, work, virtues humility, obediance, stewardship, hospitality established the authority of the pope Pope Gregory the Great > Benedictine Monk gergorian chants... changed pagan churches into Catholic ones in England The Franks (not Kellie and Sara) Germanic tribes converted to Ariansim The Franks (around Gaul) pick up the battle for Catholicism thanks to Clovis Clovis conquered the Visigoths and all of Gaul converted to RC in 496 AD Church supplied him with an administration Clovis's heirs could not maintain their power empire fell into disaray, all looked for a new strong RC king Charles Martel 732 AD governor of Austria defended the Catholic lands against the Moors won the battle of Tours, saved the church offered a RC comission, refused allowed the Lombards to attack church lands Pepin the Short Son of Charles Martel, converted to RC by his mother stepped up and helped the church, crowned in 751 by the church Upon his death he created the Papal States Donation of Pepin Created the Vatican RC now both political and spiritual entity

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Page 1: The Dark Ages - Wikispaces Infidels because they were Muslim. At the Council of Clermont the pope declared that all who died fighting infidels would be forgiven of all sins

6 Dark Ages.notebook

1

November 13, 2012

Oct 28 ­ 10:51 AM

The Dark AgesThe Dark AgesThe Dark AgesEurope between the Franks, the Ostrogoths, and the CrusadesOstrogoths ­ overtake Rome 

Kept the senate and tradtions of RomeMany other Germanic tribes sweep inRoman influence is gone by the 7­800'sConstantly on the move

hunters and gatherers, farmed little, quite warlike      pig herders ­ tetracyathine, weak form of steroids = aggression

loyalty within the familieswomen were well respected

powerful families chosen to lead in war ­­> great honormade themselves kings, gave lands to nobles, freemen

  semi­free peasantsslaves from conquest and debtrules run by the kings, blood feuds, blood moneyallowed people to practice Roman laws

Latin ChristiandomCatholic Church was the only remnant of Rome to survivediocese headed by a bishop/archbishop, 1 popetook political/social power when Rome faileddue to the lack of security in life, monasticism grows

monks and nuns­­> spread the gospel and historySt. Patrick of Ireland ­­> missionariesHand copied textsSt. Benedict of Nursea ­­> spread monasticism

Monte Cassino near Napleswrote rules for monastic life

clothing, food, work, virtues ­ humility, obediance, stewardship, hospitalityestablished the authority of the pope

Pope Gregory the Great ­­> Benedictine Monkgergorian chants...changed pagan churches into Catholic ones in England

The Franks (not Kellie and Sara)Germanic tribes converted to AriansimThe Franks (around Gaul) pick up the battle for Catholicism 

thanks to ClovisClovis conquered the Visigoths and all of Gaul

converted to RC in 496 ADChurch supplied him with an administration

Clovis's heirs could not maintain their powerempire fell into disaray, all looked for a new strong RC king

Charles Martel        732 ADgovernor of Austria defended the Catholic lands against the Moorswon the battle of Tours, saved the churchoffered a RC comission, refusedallowed the Lombards to attack church lands

Pepin the ShortSon of Charles Martel, converted to RC by his motherstepped up and helped the church, crowned in 751 by the churchUpon his death he created the Papal States

Donation of PepinCreated the VaticanRC now both political and spiritual entity

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November 13, 2012

Oct 28 ­ 11:16 AM

CharlemagneSon of Pepin began the Carolingian Empirevery religious, wanted to establish the old Roman empire to glorydefeated the Lombards, Saxons, and Germanic Tribescould not defeat the Moors in S. France

established the Pyrenese Mtns. as the S. boundaryChristmas Day Crowning 800 AD

Pope Leo III crowned him "Holy Roman Emperor"fabulous kingdom 

At his death, his three sons went into civil warTreaty of Verdun 

made peace between the brothersdivided into East, Middle, and West kingdoms 

Page 3: The Dark Ages - Wikispaces Infidels because they were Muslim. At the Council of Clermont the pope declared that all who died fighting infidels would be forgiven of all sins

6 Dark Ages.notebook

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November 13, 2012

Oct 28 ­ 11:23 AM

Raiders from the NorselandRaiders from the NorselandThe Vikings

wreaked havoc all over Europe from late 700's to 800'sleft Scandanavia in seasonal raids200 years worth of raids in new boatsonly attacked during the summer and fallplundered and enslaved people

favorite targets ­­> churches and monestaries, built towerssailed down rivers, Med. sea, Black sea, North Africa

Average raidsail as close a possibleuse Berserkers in the frontfollow with axes, swords, spearstake all you can carry (rape and pillage)move on to the next townfill the boat and go home

CulturePatriarchal, high esteem for elderslived off of the land in the Northdeath ­ hall of warriors ­ Valhalla

funeral pyre at sea, all riches with themTechnology

new boats with rivotsflexible and strongfast sails and low drag in the water (2­3 feet max)combiniaton of sails and Oars

ExplorationIceland, Greenland, VinlandFinland, Sweeden, Norway, Denmark

LeadersEric the Red­ conquered new lands, est. IcelandLeif Ericson ­ found Greenland/VinlandRagnar Lodbrock ­ story of his sons and the blood red eagleRollo ­ established a colony "Normandy" in France

ASSIGNMENT: Create a set of Viking style Runes using drawings that represent the meaning of each of your runes.  Put much effort into this colorful drawing and you will be well rewarded.

for reference check out this sitehttp://nlpagan.net/runeimage.htm  The Magyars

invaded from the Eastkilled or carried off everyone in the villages they raidedreminded people of the old Huns 

began calling them the Hungarianssettled in modern day Hungary

MuslimsAttacked and settled in southern Europe, N. Africa, and 

SpainCame from Asia and Mecca areasHoped to take slaves and drive out the RC churchTook Rome in 846Pope begged the Franks for helpCrushed them and drove them back to Spain

Now called the Moors

http://nlpagan.net/runeimage.htm

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November 13, 2012

Nov 3 ­ 11:36 AM

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November 13, 2012

Oct 28 ­ 11:53 AM

Feudal Society

Nobles were given land from a king       had to protect and manage the land in the king's interest       grew to have more power than the kings b/c power to protect themselves from invasionKnights were hired soldiers on foot or horse for protection         very expensive                 armor, horse, weapons, pay often given in forms of land         needed to have fierce loyaltyLand given to someone is called a FIEFGiver of the land is called the LORDReciever of the land is called the VASSAL     it was possible to be both lord and vassalIn Feudalism, Each fief provided soldiers, food, and supplies for the general welfare of the kingdom ­­> mutual obligationThe Manoral System       Nobles gave peasants the right to work the land for a fixed fee (tax)       One feif could have many manors              Castle or Manor home              Pasture, fields, mills, water, woods, village huts       Hard labor done by peasants tied to the land called SERFS               Stayed with the land even if sold to another lord               Close knit families, lived with their animals, slept in straw                        Raining cats and dogs                        dont throw the baby out with the bath water                        dont let the bed bugs bite                        sleep tight               Diet                      Northern ­­> Beer, pork, bread                      South ­­> Wine, pork, bread, cheese               Men­­> worked as farmers or artisans               Women ­­> kept the house and cared for the family               Children ­­> Chores from 2­7, 7+ worked or apprenticed         Nobility               Not as easy of a life as you might think...               much responsibility of managing the manors, failure=removal               accountable to the king for production               problems with disease and famine                      Gender roles ­­ paterfamilias ruled the manor                               Primogeniture                               Boys at 8 years old become squires ­> Knights                                      sell themsleves into service                               Girls learn how to run a manor                         Church                  Very strongly Roman Catholic                  religious ceremonies mark major life changes                               birth, marriage, death                  parish festivals, nobles gave lands and $ to the church                  asked monks to pray for them for forgiveness of sins                            younger sons of nobles ­­> monks                            younger daughters ­­­­­­> nuns                   Problems ­­ nepotism, call for reform                   To help unify the church, created 7 Sacraments                         performed by priests and bishops                         Eucharist #1 most important, transubstantatiation                              

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November 13, 2012

Nov 1 ­ 3:53 PM

Emperor Alexius I was beggingfor help against the Seljuk Turkswho had been threateninghis lands in Byzantium.

He got Pope Urban II to declarethem Infidels because theywere Muslim.

At the Council of Clermont thepope declared that all who died fighting infidels wouldbe forgiven of all sins.

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November 13, 2012

Nov 1 ­ 3:08 PM

The CrusadesThe CrusadesLed by Pope Urban IINovember 27, 1095Crusaders "with marked with a cross"

commissioned to right the evils of the Turks, murdering Christians"1096 1000's of peasants marched against Jerusalem

Had been taken by the Muslimsreasons to crusade:

moral dutyadventurefree pass into Heaven

Led by French and Norman noblesill prepared and poorly trainedwool clothes and heavy armor

1098 took Antioch despite difficulties1099 took Jerusalem and caught the Turks off guard

resistance was very unorganized70,000 Muslims massacrednobles divided the land into fiefs and made the people vassals

1144 Muslims launch a counter attackmore crusaders sent from Europe to defend the holy landfailed miserably in Jerusalemreplacements came late and too fewSt. Bernard got Fr. king Louis VII and Ger. king Conrad III to fight

1187 Jerusalem falls back the Muslim handsled by Sala al' Din (Saladin)Turks did not punish the people as they had been punished in the 

first crusadeThe Third Crusade

Begins being mounted immediately after the fall of JerusalemFrederick Barbarossa ­ Holy Roman Empire (Germany)Richard Lionheart ­ of EnglandPhilip Augustus ­ of France

Frederick diedRichard and Philip fought over leadershipPhilip left and went home, Richard went on to JerusalemPhilip attacked Richard's lands in France (Eleanor of Acquitaine)

The Fourth Crusade1202 called by Pope Innocent IIIsacked and destroyed ConstantinopleVenetians destroyed it because it was competition for tradeByzantium was weakened so the Ottomans conquered it in 1453

The Children's Crusade1212 ­ 10 year old, Nicholas of Cologne had visions from God1000's of kids from 5­18 sent to fight "God will protect them"

grew tired of walking, hired pirates to take them to fightpirates sold them into slavery

Crusade in the WestAttacked Spanish Moors, most successful of all

Cursade against HeresyInnocent III 1208 Sent an army to attack hereticslasted 20 years, very destructive­­> the Spanish Inquisitionlater turned on the Jews "murderers of Chirst"

Crusade in the NorthAndrew II of Hungary built the Teutonic Knights

Warrior Monks destroyed paganism in Germany and Prussiavery successful, created the Holy Roman Empire

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November 13, 2012

Nov 1 ­ 3:35 PM

Technology in Farmingno more invasions, time to begin rebuildingdeep plow for European soilthree field systembuilt water mills, wind millsFood Production went up, population went 

up

TimeFood Population

International trade became role of Jewish Merchantsbecame the bankers of EuropeMerchants began to control towns, followed by artisans

smiths, wrights, skilled labororganized in to guilds

controlled output, prices, quality standardsWomen had a big role, especially with cloth production

Kings tax nobles to hire a professional armyknights no longer neededbegin fighting amongst themselves for dominanceadopted CHIVALRY

code of conduct in how to act properlybe brave, fight fairly, protect women/children/clergy

Nobles focus more on arts and poetry ­­> rules for courtly lovenoble women

Eleanor of Aquitaine b. 1122inherited 1/3 of modern day France married to King Louis VII of France. divorcedmarried Henry II of England

he ruled the English part, she ruled the French parthelped her sons revolt to overthrow their father, failed, jailed

Freed after 15 years, put her son Richard Lionheart on the throneshe ruled while he led the 3rd Crusade

fought off Philip Augustus most women of the time just had babies...

Churchleads the way in Educationpeople get more interested in the Classics (Greece and Rome)

Aristotle ­ truth comes from reasonChristians ­ truth comes from GodThomas Aquinas ­ reason and faith are both necessary to find 

the truth­­> Scholasticism= logic and the bible, reason+faithUniversities established

Latin GrammarRhetoricLogicThe Classics

Italy, Paris, England, Germany... Clergy were the teachers

later Geometry, Arithmatic, Astronomy, Music ­­>Liberal Arts Created a new "Educated" class

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November 13, 2012

Nov 13­9:43 AM