the dark ages - wikispaces infidels because they were muslim. at the council of clermont the pope...
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6 Dark Ages.notebook
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November 13, 2012
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The Dark AgesThe Dark AgesThe Dark AgesEurope between the Franks, the Ostrogoths, and the CrusadesOstrogoths overtake Rome
Kept the senate and tradtions of RomeMany other Germanic tribes sweep inRoman influence is gone by the 7800'sConstantly on the move
hunters and gatherers, farmed little, quite warlike pig herders tetracyathine, weak form of steroids = aggression
loyalty within the familieswomen were well respected
powerful families chosen to lead in war > great honormade themselves kings, gave lands to nobles, freemen
semifree peasantsslaves from conquest and debtrules run by the kings, blood feuds, blood moneyallowed people to practice Roman laws
Latin ChristiandomCatholic Church was the only remnant of Rome to survivediocese headed by a bishop/archbishop, 1 popetook political/social power when Rome faileddue to the lack of security in life, monasticism grows
monks and nuns> spread the gospel and historySt. Patrick of Ireland > missionariesHand copied textsSt. Benedict of Nursea > spread monasticism
Monte Cassino near Napleswrote rules for monastic life
clothing, food, work, virtues humility, obediance, stewardship, hospitalityestablished the authority of the pope
Pope Gregory the Great > Benedictine Monkgergorian chants...changed pagan churches into Catholic ones in England
The Franks (not Kellie and Sara)Germanic tribes converted to AriansimThe Franks (around Gaul) pick up the battle for Catholicism
thanks to ClovisClovis conquered the Visigoths and all of Gaul
converted to RC in 496 ADChurch supplied him with an administration
Clovis's heirs could not maintain their powerempire fell into disaray, all looked for a new strong RC king
Charles Martel 732 ADgovernor of Austria defended the Catholic lands against the Moorswon the battle of Tours, saved the churchoffered a RC comission, refusedallowed the Lombards to attack church lands
Pepin the ShortSon of Charles Martel, converted to RC by his motherstepped up and helped the church, crowned in 751 by the churchUpon his death he created the Papal States
Donation of PepinCreated the VaticanRC now both political and spiritual entity
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CharlemagneSon of Pepin began the Carolingian Empirevery religious, wanted to establish the old Roman empire to glorydefeated the Lombards, Saxons, and Germanic Tribescould not defeat the Moors in S. France
established the Pyrenese Mtns. as the S. boundaryChristmas Day Crowning 800 AD
Pope Leo III crowned him "Holy Roman Emperor"fabulous kingdom
At his death, his three sons went into civil warTreaty of Verdun
made peace between the brothersdivided into East, Middle, and West kingdoms
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Raiders from the NorselandRaiders from the NorselandThe Vikings
wreaked havoc all over Europe from late 700's to 800'sleft Scandanavia in seasonal raids200 years worth of raids in new boatsonly attacked during the summer and fallplundered and enslaved people
favorite targets > churches and monestaries, built towerssailed down rivers, Med. sea, Black sea, North Africa
Average raidsail as close a possibleuse Berserkers in the frontfollow with axes, swords, spearstake all you can carry (rape and pillage)move on to the next townfill the boat and go home
CulturePatriarchal, high esteem for elderslived off of the land in the Northdeath hall of warriors Valhalla
funeral pyre at sea, all riches with themTechnology
new boats with rivotsflexible and strongfast sails and low drag in the water (23 feet max)combiniaton of sails and Oars
ExplorationIceland, Greenland, VinlandFinland, Sweeden, Norway, Denmark
LeadersEric the Red conquered new lands, est. IcelandLeif Ericson found Greenland/VinlandRagnar Lodbrock story of his sons and the blood red eagleRollo established a colony "Normandy" in France
ASSIGNMENT: Create a set of Viking style Runes using drawings that represent the meaning of each of your runes. Put much effort into this colorful drawing and you will be well rewarded.
for reference check out this sitehttp://nlpagan.net/runeimage.htm The Magyars
invaded from the Eastkilled or carried off everyone in the villages they raidedreminded people of the old Huns
began calling them the Hungarianssettled in modern day Hungary
MuslimsAttacked and settled in southern Europe, N. Africa, and
SpainCame from Asia and Mecca areasHoped to take slaves and drive out the RC churchTook Rome in 846Pope begged the Franks for helpCrushed them and drove them back to Spain
Now called the Moors
http://nlpagan.net/runeimage.htm
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Feudal Society
Nobles were given land from a king had to protect and manage the land in the king's interest grew to have more power than the kings b/c power to protect themselves from invasionKnights were hired soldiers on foot or horse for protection very expensive armor, horse, weapons, pay often given in forms of land needed to have fierce loyaltyLand given to someone is called a FIEFGiver of the land is called the LORDReciever of the land is called the VASSAL it was possible to be both lord and vassalIn Feudalism, Each fief provided soldiers, food, and supplies for the general welfare of the kingdom > mutual obligationThe Manoral System Nobles gave peasants the right to work the land for a fixed fee (tax) One feif could have many manors Castle or Manor home Pasture, fields, mills, water, woods, village huts Hard labor done by peasants tied to the land called SERFS Stayed with the land even if sold to another lord Close knit families, lived with their animals, slept in straw Raining cats and dogs dont throw the baby out with the bath water dont let the bed bugs bite sleep tight Diet Northern > Beer, pork, bread South > Wine, pork, bread, cheese Men> worked as farmers or artisans Women > kept the house and cared for the family Children > Chores from 27, 7+ worked or apprenticed Nobility Not as easy of a life as you might think... much responsibility of managing the manors, failure=removal accountable to the king for production problems with disease and famine Gender roles paterfamilias ruled the manor Primogeniture Boys at 8 years old become squires > Knights sell themsleves into service Girls learn how to run a manor Church Very strongly Roman Catholic religious ceremonies mark major life changes birth, marriage, death parish festivals, nobles gave lands and $ to the church asked monks to pray for them for forgiveness of sins younger sons of nobles > monks younger daughters > nuns Problems nepotism, call for reform To help unify the church, created 7 Sacraments performed by priests and bishops Eucharist #1 most important, transubstantatiation
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Emperor Alexius I was beggingfor help against the Seljuk Turkswho had been threateninghis lands in Byzantium.
He got Pope Urban II to declarethem Infidels because theywere Muslim.
At the Council of Clermont thepope declared that all who died fighting infidels wouldbe forgiven of all sins.
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The CrusadesThe CrusadesLed by Pope Urban IINovember 27, 1095Crusaders "with marked with a cross"
commissioned to right the evils of the Turks, murdering Christians"1096 1000's of peasants marched against Jerusalem
Had been taken by the Muslimsreasons to crusade:
moral dutyadventurefree pass into Heaven
Led by French and Norman noblesill prepared and poorly trainedwool clothes and heavy armor
1098 took Antioch despite difficulties1099 took Jerusalem and caught the Turks off guard
resistance was very unorganized70,000 Muslims massacrednobles divided the land into fiefs and made the people vassals
1144 Muslims launch a counter attackmore crusaders sent from Europe to defend the holy landfailed miserably in Jerusalemreplacements came late and too fewSt. Bernard got Fr. king Louis VII and Ger. king Conrad III to fight
1187 Jerusalem falls back the Muslim handsled by Sala al' Din (Saladin)Turks did not punish the people as they had been punished in the
first crusadeThe Third Crusade
Begins being mounted immediately after the fall of JerusalemFrederick Barbarossa Holy Roman Empire (Germany)Richard Lionheart of EnglandPhilip Augustus of France
Frederick diedRichard and Philip fought over leadershipPhilip left and went home, Richard went on to JerusalemPhilip attacked Richard's lands in France (Eleanor of Acquitaine)
The Fourth Crusade1202 called by Pope Innocent IIIsacked and destroyed ConstantinopleVenetians destroyed it because it was competition for tradeByzantium was weakened so the Ottomans conquered it in 1453
The Children's Crusade1212 10 year old, Nicholas of Cologne had visions from God1000's of kids from 518 sent to fight "God will protect them"
grew tired of walking, hired pirates to take them to fightpirates sold them into slavery
Crusade in the WestAttacked Spanish Moors, most successful of all
Cursade against HeresyInnocent III 1208 Sent an army to attack hereticslasted 20 years, very destructive> the Spanish Inquisitionlater turned on the Jews "murderers of Chirst"
Crusade in the NorthAndrew II of Hungary built the Teutonic Knights
Warrior Monks destroyed paganism in Germany and Prussiavery successful, created the Holy Roman Empire
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Technology in Farmingno more invasions, time to begin rebuildingdeep plow for European soilthree field systembuilt water mills, wind millsFood Production went up, population went
up
TimeFood Population
International trade became role of Jewish Merchantsbecame the bankers of EuropeMerchants began to control towns, followed by artisans
smiths, wrights, skilled labororganized in to guilds
controlled output, prices, quality standardsWomen had a big role, especially with cloth production
Kings tax nobles to hire a professional armyknights no longer neededbegin fighting amongst themselves for dominanceadopted CHIVALRY
code of conduct in how to act properlybe brave, fight fairly, protect women/children/clergy
Nobles focus more on arts and poetry > rules for courtly lovenoble women
Eleanor of Aquitaine b. 1122inherited 1/3 of modern day France married to King Louis VII of France. divorcedmarried Henry II of England
he ruled the English part, she ruled the French parthelped her sons revolt to overthrow their father, failed, jailed
Freed after 15 years, put her son Richard Lionheart on the throneshe ruled while he led the 3rd Crusade
fought off Philip Augustus most women of the time just had babies...
Churchleads the way in Educationpeople get more interested in the Classics (Greece and Rome)
Aristotle truth comes from reasonChristians truth comes from GodThomas Aquinas reason and faith are both necessary to find
the truth> Scholasticism= logic and the bible, reason+faithUniversities established
Latin GrammarRhetoricLogicThe Classics
Italy, Paris, England, Germany... Clergy were the teachers
later Geometry, Arithmatic, Astronomy, Music >Liberal Arts Created a new "Educated" class
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