the eukaryotes 12b: fungi
DESCRIPTION
The Eukaryotes 12b: Fungi. Cell wall. Fungal Morphology mold hypha/ae. coenocytic. “fairy ring”. Fungal Morphology yeast. bud. budding yeast Other: fission yeast. pseudohypha. Dimorphic?. Asexual. Sporangiospore. /Conidiospores. General Fungal Life Cycle - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Eukaryotes 12b: Fungi
Cell wall
Fungal Morphology
mold
hypha/aecoenocytic
“fairy ring”
budding yeast
Other: fission yeast
pseudohypha
Fungal Morphology
yeast bud
Dimorphic?
Asexual
Sporangiospore
/Conidiospores
General Fungal Life Cycle
(based on having haploid adults)
plasmogamy
karyogamy
zygote
Nutrition
all chemoheterotrophic, extracellular digestion
saprobes
parasites, predators
mutualists
Mycosis
systemic
subcutaneous
cutaneous
superficial
Rhizopus nigricans
Mucor spp.
Absidia spp.
Microsporidia = Microspora
Example:
Nosema spp. (N. connori and N. ocularum) Ocular & GI infectionsMicrospora spp.
Polar filament
dikaryon
inside ascus
(Eu)penicilliumplasmogamy
karyogamy
Saccharomyces cerevisiae = baker’s & “top”-brewing yeast
S. pastorianus = “bottom”-brewing yeast
S. bayanus = champagne yeast
Neurospora
Morchella spp. = morels
Tuber spp. = truffles
Gourmet items
ascus
ascocarp (made of dikaryotic hyphae)
(side-cut view)
“ (San Joaquin) Valley fever”
Aspergillus
A. flavus
A. niger
A. oryzae
aspergillosis
Candida albicans
Pneumocystis carinii/jirovecki
“thrush”
“yeast infection” = candidiasis, balanitis (male)
“PC”
Dermatophytes
Trichophyton spp.Microsporum spp.Epidermophyton floccosum
“ringworm” =
“Tinea ____”
onychomycosis
Sporothrix
Stachybotrys
Claviceps -> ergot
ergometrine
ergotamine
lysergic acid
grain
plasmogamy
Karyogamy inside basidia
zygote
Mushroom life cycle
Ustilago maydis = corn smut =
huitlacoche/cuitlacoche
Most used edible mushroom: Agaricus
Lentinula edodes = shiitake
Amanita spp.
some edible, some poisonous
Amanita muscaria = fly agaric
death cap
The Destroying AngelAmanita virosa, A. verna, A. bisporigera, & A. ocreata
Amanita calyptrata
Gyromitra esculentum = false morel
Cortinarius gentilis
Can be dangerous
Amanita muscaria = fly agaric
ear & jelly fungus
bracketsbolete
puffball
Some other basidios
stinkhorn
Bird’s nest
Cryptococcus neoformans
Malasezzia furfur
can cause pityriasis
Disappearing “phylum” Deuteromycetes = imperfect fungi
Aspergillus PenicilliumFusarium
endotrophic mycorrhiza
Symbiosis:
mycorrhizae
crustose
foliose
Symbiosis:
lichens
fruticose
Usnea: usnic acid
Roccella: litmus & dye
Useful lichens