the experience of compiling the at safety school manual teacher manual, for introducing the themes...
TRANSCRIPT
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The experience of compiling the “At safety school” manual
• Teacher manual,
• For introducing the themes of safety and prevention into the teaching syllabus,
• For playschools, primary schools and 1st and 2nd grades in secondary schools,
• Re: safety at home, at school, on the street, throughout the territory.
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The conceptual reference framework:
REQUIRES A PROGRESSION FROM AN EDUCATIVE SETTING IN WHICH
NOTIONSARE TRANSMITTED TO ONE IN WHICH
Values
Life styles
Abilities and skillsARE PROMOTED
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The philosophy of health and safety as:• A maturation and expression of
protective abilities;
• Through a programme based on individual and collective experience.
The model that globally expresses this inspiration is the so-called “Michigan Model”, and has been adapted to the context of the educational guidelines of the Italian school system.
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THE “MICHIGAN” MODEL
HEALTH
EDUCATIVE AIM TO PURSUE WITH A “SPIRAL” PROCESS THROUGHOUT COMPULSORY SCHOOL
LIFE
OBJECTIVES
COGNITIVE
ATTITUDINAL
CONCERNING VALUES
BEHAVIOURAL
YEAR after YEAR THEY ARE RE-TACKLED,
STUDIED IN MORE DEPTH AND READAPTED TO SUIT
THE SUBJECT’S NEW PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL
LEVEL (“spiral” process”)
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On this basis, in conjunction
with Public Health experts, a
group of teachers from
Bergamo’s public schools
drafted a MANUAL entitled
“At safety school!”
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For each school level and different topic (home, school,
street, etc.) the manual includes the development of
skills concerning:
•General educative objectives;
•Cognitive objectives: KNOWING;
•Attitudinal objectives: KNOWING HOW TO DO;
•Behavioural objectives: KNOWING HOW TO
ACT.
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KNOWING
PROVIDING PUPILS WITH INFORMATION
ACCORDING TO THEIR AGE BAND
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KNOWING HOW TO DO
ACQUIRING OPERATIVE SKILLS THROUGH
POSITIVE PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES
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KNOWING HOW TO ACT
ACQUIRING A ACQUIRING A POSITIVE POSITIVE
PERSONAL PERSONAL ATTITUDEATTITUDE
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The method also includes the criteria for evaluating
the efficacy of the teaching method applied.
The method also includes the criteria for evaluating
the efficacy of the teaching method applied.
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HEALTH AND SAFETY EDUCATION
ALL SCHOOL SUBJECTS
INTERACT IN ACHIEVING THE
GENERAL OBJECTIVES
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A FEW EXAMPLESA FEW EXAMPLES
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Italian languageItalian language
IDENTIFYING THE CENTRAL POINT OF WHAT
IS NARRATED OR TOLD
Syllabus objectiveSyllabus objective
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Italian languageItalian language
Understanding the central topic and the information
contained in demonstrative and
regulation texts
Domestic safety objectiveDomestic safety objective
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Italian languageItalian language
The pupil defines the term MEDICINE and
explains the rules for using medicines in a correct and safe way.
ExamplesExamples:
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Italian languageItalian language
The pupil defines what an EMERGENCY is and demonstrates the abilities required for asking for help by
dialling 118 and giving accurate
information in a calm way
Examples:Examples:
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MathematicsMathematics
The child:
Resolves a problem using concrete instruments
Classifies data as probable, certain or uncertain
Collects personal and collective data
Syllabus objectiveSyllabus objective
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MathematicsMathematics
The child:
Recognises problematic situations
Collects data using questionnaires
Problems are posed and resolved in experiential contexts
Domestic safety objectiveDomestic safety objective
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MathematicsMathematics
The child Knows his/her house, uses the spaces according to their function and puts into practice behavioural rules in the various spaces (kitchen, bathroom,etc.)
Examples:Examples:
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MathematicsMathematics
The child
Gathers data on domestic accidents and analyses it
Indicates solutions and proposes improvements to be made
Examples:Examples:
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ScienceScience
The child:
Acquires general cognitive abilities (data analysis, connection to experience, etc.)
Masters research techniques (observing, investigating, experimenting) and connects thinking to doing
Syllabus objectiveSyllabus objective
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ScienceScience
The child:
explores the home
connects causes with effects
collects and selects information
uses the computer as an instrument for processing data
compares facts, collects reports
Domestic safety objectiveDomestic safety objective
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ScienceScience
Examples:Examples:
The childLists and puts into practice useful behaviour for avoiding hearing and sight damage (use of PC, TV, etc.)
Knows and performs some first aid procedures
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ScienceScience
Examples:Examples:
The child
Knows, respects and uses correctly furniture, technological equipment and the electric appliances present in the home
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HISTORY, GEOGRAPHY & SOCIAL HISTORY, GEOGRAPHY & SOCIAL STUDIESSTUDIES
STUDY OF MAN
STUDY OF THE ENVIRONMENT
ACQUISITION OF LIVING RULES AND NORMS REQUIRED FOR DEMOCRATIC COHABITATION
Syllabus objectiveSyllabus objective
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HISTORY, GEOGRAPHY & SOCIAL HISTORY, GEOGRAPHY & SOCIAL STUDIESSTUDIES
The child:
ORIENTATES HIM/HERSELF WITHIN THE SPACE OF THE HOME
SHARES TASKS AND RESPONSABILITIES WITH THE FAMILY
RECOGNISES AND ACCEPTS FAMILY RULES
Domestic safety objectiveDomestic safety objective
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HISTORY, GEOGRAPHY & SOCIAL HISTORY, GEOGRAPHY & SOCIAL STUDIESSTUDIES
Examples:Examples:
The child
TRANSMITS SAFETY TO ALL THOSE AROUND HIM/HER, IN
THE KNOWLEDGE THAT INCORRECT BEHAVIOUR CAN
BECOME A SOURCE OF DANGER TO HIM/HERSELF
AND OTHERS
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IMAGE-BASED EDUCATIONIMAGE-BASED EDUCATION
The child learns and understands by touching and seeing
The child knows how to read the environment and is able to recount what he/she has seen
Syllabus objectiveSyllabus objective
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IMAGE-BASED EDUCATIONIMAGE-BASED EDUCATION
The child:
knows the domestic environment and describes it
is able to read symbols and understand pictures of household objects concerning their correct use
Domestic safety objectiveDomestic safety objective
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IMAGE-BASED EDUCATIONIMAGE-BASED EDUCATION
Examples:Examples:
THE CHILD LISTS THE WAYS OF PREVENTING DOMESTIC ACCIDENTS
CONCERNING:
Poisoning
Use of sharp objects
Burns
Use of electric appliances
Harmful substances
Poorly co-ordinated movements
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PHYSICAL EDUCATIONPHYSICAL EDUCATION
Perception, awareness and knowledge of one’s own body
General and spatial-temporal co-ordination
Socialisation
Syllabus objectiveSyllabus objective
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PHYSICAL EDUCATIONPHYSICAL EDUCATION
The child:
Organises movements in a co-ordinated way and according to the aim
Co-ordinates movements in complex actions
Domestic safety objectiveDomestic safety objective
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PHYSICAL EDUCATIONPHYSICAL EDUCATION
Examples:Examples:
The child
moves in a co-ordinated way according to the purpose, even in complex situations in order to avoid falls, slips, collisions with furniture, electrical appliances, doors, etc.
knows how to perform “basic” first aid
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TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
IDENTIFIES THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF OBJECTS
USING OBJECTS COHERENTLY WITH SAFETY FUNCTIONS AND PRINCIPLES
TO EVALUATE THE USE OF OBJECTS AND MATERIALS ACCORDING TO USAGE
FOLLOWING FINALISED PROCEDURES AND PROCESSES
Domestic safety objectiveDomestic safety objective
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TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
Examples:Examples:The child
IS ABLE TO READ AND UNDERSTAND THE INSTRUCTONS FOR CORRECT AND SAFE USE OF HOUSEHOLD OBJECTS
KNOWS THE DIFFERENT MATERIALS AND USES THEM CORRECTLY
IS AWARE THAT THE INCORRECT USE OF SPACES AND OBJECTS CAN BECOME A SOURCE OF DANGER TO HIM/HERSELF AND OTHERS
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At the current state:
• The manual has been printed and was presented at schools in the Province of Bergamo in June 2002;
• Some schols have experimented it as a free choice;
• The manual has become part of the training options for the promotion of health in the shool community of the Bergamo Local Health Unit;
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ISPESL has funded research through which:
• a training programme will be compiled to help teachers apply the method (and the manual);
• the efficiency of wide-scale application of the method will be evaluated;
• the education programme (for pupils) will be extended by enhancing it with proposals and experiences (practical activities);
• The documents available will be integrated;
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The drafting of the “At safety school!” manual included the participation of the following:
• 2 playschool teachers
• 2 primary school teachers
• 3 first grade secondary school teachers
• 2 second grade secondary school teachers
• the Local Health Unit project group
• The teacher responsible for safety at the Provincial Superintendence for Education
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FIRST GRADE SECONDARY SCHOOL
Subject:Italian LanguageSubject:Italian Language
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Subject: Italian LanguageSubject: Italian Language
Learning to recognise challenging behaviour
Improving one’s self knowledge
Acquiring linguistic skills for conducting cognitive inquiries
Getting to know the main sources of risk
Getting to know the risk factors
General aims
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Subject:Italian LanguageSubject:Italian Language
Analysing challenging behaviour from adults
Evaluating relationships with standards, people and the environment
Compiling a questionnaire
Identifying dangers and evaluating risks
Finding solutions and defining priorities
Specific aims
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Subject: Italian languageSubject: Italian language
what is aggression, poor self-esteem, imitation, contamination
what is a questionnaire
what is an accident and a risk factor
dynamics of an accident
Contents
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Subject: Italian languageSubject: Italian language
Classroom lesson with slides
Guided discussion
Relevant laws
Glossary of most common terminology
Tables with numbers relative to the phenomena studied
Data processing with PC
Materials and instruments
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SECOND GRADE SECONDARY SCHOOL
Subject:MATHEMATICS – Subject:MATHEMATICS – PHYSICS – I.T.PHYSICS – I.T.
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Subject:mathematics, Subject:mathematics, physics, physics, I.T.I.T.
Learning how to handle data concerning accidents at school, on the road and at home (COLLECTION, FILING, PROCESSING INTO TABLES AND CHARTS, PRESENTATION)
Aims – instruments and methods
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Learning to design and create multi-medial safety education tools
Learning to apply the laws of physics and dynamics to evaluate a possible accident
Aims – instruments and methods
Subject:mathematics, Subject:mathematics, physics, physics, I.T.I.T.
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speedfeeling of dangerinertia and dynamicsdecision times
brakingtransformation of kinetic energybraking spacebraking circuits and adherence
Exercises and calculations
Subject:mathematics, Subject:mathematics, physics, physics, I.T.I.T.
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curves centripetal and centrifugal forcescurving radiusfront wheel drive
equilibriumequilibrium verticalcurves and angles of inclinationhigh and low centres of gravity
Exercises and calculations
Subject:mathematics, Subject:mathematics, physics, physics, I.T.I.T.
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collisions Acceleration - deceleration Energy and momentum – anelastic collisions
Safety distances
safety Speed of the vehicle and the passenger
Active and passive safety Seat belts and air bags
Exercises and calculations
Subject:mathematics, Subject:mathematics, physics, physics, I.T.I.T.
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DEVELOPMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT
• ISPESL in cooperation with the LHA
of Bergamo is implementing a
TRAINING COURSE addressed to
teachers who will apply the model
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CREATION OF A DOCUMENTATION KIT FOR TEACHERS
• CONTENTS OF THE KIT
– Collection and comments of epidemiologic data on road and domestic accidents, free time, etc.
– Methodical documentation on health education
– National and international guide lines for the development of a prevention culture
– Deepening on security themes
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TRAINING COUSE FOR TEACHERS•ACQUISITION OF:
–skills in individualizing the real needs of students on the themes of health and safety
–Skills in individualizing specific didactic goals
–Acquisition of the didactic methods most appropiate for changing behaviour on the themes of health education
–Capacity to individualize from epidemiological data the most frequent problems for school-age children
–Capacity to manage and apply the Manual
–Capacity to plan specific didactic units
–Utilize the evaluation instruments of the training process
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MODEL APPLICATION
• Model Application from teachers trained in almost 30 Institutes including nursery schools, elementary and high schools
• Systematization of didactis units together with the materials necessary to their teaching
• Production of materials additional to the manual and concrete examples suggested also by students
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MODEL APPLICATION
• Evaluation instruments of the manual (fluidity, adaptability to various contexts)
• Evaluation instruments of learning
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DOCUMENTATION CENTRE AND WEB SITE
• Creation of a documentation centre for the systematic collection and distribution to the scholastic institutes on a national level of all the didactic materials produced
• ISPESL will make available to the teachers a specific box on their website (documentation, forum, scientific details, etc)
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ACTIVE INVOLVMENT OF STUDENTS
• Test for the parents to take about home safety
• Creation of an emergency plan and of the evacuation of the house with all family members
• Creation of a little guide book for risk control of accidents and fires in the home
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PROJECT EVALUATION
• Creation of evaluation indicators and criteria for the quantification of the results
• Growth of a health and security culture and consequential reduction of accidents in the school-age population
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SPREAD AND APPLICATION EFFECTS
• Continual enrichment of documentary and didactic material that enrich the kit which is distributed to teachers.
• Involvments of other teachers in the didactic process
• Involvment of the families (continual relation in the scholastic and domestic enviroments)