the grainger center for electric machinery and electromechanics – update, may 2002 p. t. krein,...

The Grainger Center for Electric The Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and Electromechanics – Machinery and Electromechanics –

Update, May 2002Update, May 2002

P. T. Krein, DirectorP. T. Krein, Director

Grainger Center for Electric MachineryGrainger Center for Electric Machinery and Electromechanics and Electromechanics

Dept. of Electrical and Computer EngineeringDept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering

May 2002May 2002

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignGrainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

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Purposes of the Grainger CenterPurposes of the Grainger Center

• Establish leadership in electric machines Establish leadership in electric machines and electromechanics.and electromechanics.

• Nurture a new generation of engineers for Nurture a new generation of engineers for the electric machinery field.the electric machinery field.

• Advance the technologies of machines Advance the technologies of machines and electromechanics.and electromechanics.

• Support student team programs in the Support student team programs in the field, such as the Future Energy field, such as the Future Energy Challenge.Challenge.


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• Organize a national collaborative network Organize a national collaborative network for machines innovation.for machines innovation.– California – BerkeleyCalifornia – Berkeley

– Georgia TechGeorgia Tech

– Ohio StateOhio State

– PurduePurdue

– RPIRPI

– WisconsinWisconsin


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• Stimulate activity in the processing and Stimulate activity in the processing and use of electrical energy as it relates to use of electrical energy as it relates to expanding the scope and applications of expanding the scope and applications of machines and electromechanics.machines and electromechanics.

• Please see http://www.energychallenge.orgPlease see http://www.energychallenge.orgfor a view of the major topics for the 2003 for a view of the major topics for the 2003 Future Energy Challenge.Future Energy Challenge.

• Sponsored by USDOE, USDOD, IEEE, and Sponsored by USDOE, USDOD, IEEE, and by the Grainger Center.by the Grainger Center.


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About the Grainger CenterAbout the Grainger Center

• Started in 1999 with a $1.4 million grant Started in 1999 with a $1.4 million grant from the Grainger Foundation.from the Grainger Foundation.

• This included extensive equipment support This included extensive equipment support as well as operations.as well as operations.

• Grant support will be renewed in 2002.Grant support will be renewed in 2002.

• A new faculty member (Pat Chapman) was A new faculty member (Pat Chapman) was added and supported through the CEME.added and supported through the CEME.


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Project OverviewProject Overview

• Fundamentals of machine design.Fundamentals of machine design.– Best use of materials.Best use of materials.

– Point-by-point selection.Point-by-point selection.

– Field analysis for “optimization.”Field analysis for “optimization.”

• MEMS work from the application and MEMS work from the application and electromechanics viewpoints.electromechanics viewpoints.

• Motor control (from a systems perspective).Motor control (from a systems perspective).

• Power electronic devices to expand the Power electronic devices to expand the application of drives.application of drives.


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Project OverviewProject Overview

• New energy sources such as miniature New energy sources such as miniature fuel cells.fuel cells.

• Biomechanical research.Biomechanical research.

• Ideas with the potential for revolutionary Ideas with the potential for revolutionary advances in machines and advances in machines and electromechanical devices.electromechanical devices.


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Sample ProjectsSample Projects

• Linear motor design for the teaching Linear motor design for the teaching laboratory.laboratory.

• This provides a true “open-frame” This provides a true “open-frame” arrangement for detailed classroom arrangement for detailed classroom experiments.experiments.


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• Induction machine optimization for Induction machine optimization for “dedicated inverter” operation.“dedicated inverter” operation.

• Select among copper, aluminum, and steel Select among copper, aluminum, and steel at each point in the rotor, to maximize at each point in the rotor, to maximize torque while minimizing losses.torque while minimizing losses.

• Take advantage of an electronic drive to Take advantage of an electronic drive to deliver the necessary frequency to provide deliver the necessary frequency to provide high torque and low loss.high torque and low loss.


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• Battery equalization for improved battery Battery equalization for improved battery management.management.

• Keep battery voltagesKeep battery voltagestightly matched duringtightly matched duringcharge and dischargecharge and dischargeto maintain performance.to maintain performance.

• A simple switched-capacitor approach A simple switched-capacitor approach provides precise matching while avoiding provides precise matching while avoiding tolerance limitations.tolerance limitations.


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• Gallium-nitride device development for Gallium-nitride device development for power electronics.power electronics.

• GaN is an important alternative to SiC.GaN is an important alternative to SiC.

• Has the advantages of a high-bandgap Has the advantages of a high-bandgap material, plus it is in production for LEDs.material, plus it is in production for LEDs.

• A very promising material for power A very promising material for power semiconductors.semiconductors.


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• Efficiency-optimizing control for motor Efficiency-optimizing control for motor drives.drives.

• This is based on the ripple-correlation This is based on the ripple-correlation concept invented at Illinois. Motor flux is concept invented at Illinois. Motor flux is adjusted in real time to minimize power adjusted in real time to minimize power consumption.consumption.

• SignificantSignificantbenefits at benefits at light load.light load.


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• High-fidelity pulse width modulation High-fidelity pulse width modulation (PWM) for audio applications – with spin-(PWM) for audio applications – with spin-offs for drives.offs for drives.


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Future ProjectsFuture Projects

• Fast 3D magnetics for machine design and Fast 3D magnetics for machine design and analysis.analysis.

• Power processing for miniature fuel cells, Power processing for miniature fuel cells, and a possible “fuel cell center.”and a possible “fuel cell center.”

• Nonlinear controls for complicated motor-Nonlinear controls for complicated motor-load combined systems.load combined systems.

• Noise mitigation in machine applications.Noise mitigation in machine applications.

• Active filters to minimize drive EMI.Active filters to minimize drive EMI.


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Ac Motor Designs for 42 V Auto SystemsAc Motor Designs for 42 V Auto Systems

Car motor usage is growing fast.Car motor usage is growing fast.

It will soon rise to 200 electric motors per car.It will soon rise to 200 electric motors per car.

The 42 V system redesign is an opportunity.The 42 V system redesign is an opportunity.

Source: Johnson Source: Johnson Electric, 1999.Electric, 1999.


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Vehicle ApplicationsVehicle Applications

• CEME has experience in electric and hybrid CEME has experience in electric and hybrid cars.cars.


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Miniature Power ApplicationsMiniature Power Applications

• A sample design challenge:A sample design challenge:– Efficient miniature power for communications, Efficient miniature power for communications,

network nodes, and MEMS devices.network nodes, and MEMS devices.

• Supply just a few milliwatts, with very high Supply just a few milliwatts, with very high efficiency.efficiency.

• Example: power on a chip.Example: power on a chip.


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ConclusionConclusion

• The Grainger CEME is being built up as the The Grainger CEME is being built up as the national leader in electric machines and national leader in electric machines and electromechanics.electromechanics.

• We intend to nurture a new generation of We intend to nurture a new generation of machine designers with broad systems machine designers with broad systems expertise and a background in fundamental expertise and a background in fundamental electromechanics.electromechanics.

• We seek to pursue revolutionary concepts in We seek to pursue revolutionary concepts in the design, control, and use of all types of the design, control, and use of all types of electromechanical devices.electromechanical devices.

the grainger center for electric machinery and electromechanics – update, may 2002 p. t. krein,...

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