the great depression and world war ii ss8h8 – the student will analyze the important events that...

The Great Depression and World War II SS8H8 The student will analyze the important events that occurred after World War I and their impact on Georgia. a. Describe the impact of the boll weevil and drought on Georgia b. Explain economic factors that resulted in the Great Depression c. Discuss the impact of the political career of Eugene Talmadge d. Discuss the effect of the New Deal in terms of the impact of the Civilian Conservation Corps, Agricultural Adjustment Act, rural electrification, and Social Security

The Boll Weevil A small, grayish, long-snouted beetle Destroyed the primary source of income for many GA farmers Cotton Feeds on the white, fluffy cotton Came from Mexico, moved through Texas and into the southern states in the 1890s The boll weevil and the drop in cotton prices weakened the Souths economy

Drought in Georgia 1924 major drought in Georgia Slowed down the boll weevil, but destroyed other crops Farms failed, and banks that had loaned the farmers money took huge loses Hurt many farm workers; they left Georgia b/c of drought and the boll weevil the Great Migration the movement of southern blacks to the North; lasted from end of WWI through the 1960s

The Great Depression Causes of the Great Depression People of the U.S. had borrowed more money than they could repay Factories had produced more goods than they could sell Farmers also overproduced, causing prices to decline High tariffs Speculation in the stock market

The Great Depression Causes of the Great Depression Laissez-faire attitude the doctrine that the government should not interfere in the private sector of the economy helped cause the depression because people, including the president, did not do anything to help the economy, thinking it would work itself out

The Great Depression Results of the stock market crash in 1929 banks lost a lot of money people were forced out of homes Hoovervilles schools closed savings accounts were emptied

Eugene Talmadge Governor of Georgia from 1933-1936 and 1940-1942; three terms as governor Conservative white supremacist who did not like federal government intervention Spoke out against the New Deal, blacks and metropolitan areas; most of his voters were from the rural areas of the state He supported the reduction of property taxes, utility rates, and license fees

Eugene Talmadge Did not support textile unions A Talmadge supporter told the governor that a dean at UGA and a dean at GA Southern planned to integrate the school Talmadge fired the two individuals His actions offended many, thus the SACS voted to take away the accreditation of white Georgia colleges

Eugene Talmadge

The New Deal Franklin D. Roosevelts set of laws that were created to bring about economic recovery, relieve the suffering of the unemployed, reform defects in the economy, and improve society New Deal Programs Civilian Conservation Corps, Agricultural Adjustment Act, Rural Electrification, Social Security

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) A program that provided jobs for young single men building forest trails and roads, planting trees, and building parks Built many facilities at Roosevelt State Park in Pine Mountain Flood control and drainage projects Tybee Islands seawall Built municipal facilities Augustas Savannah River Lease and Macons airport

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) It paid farmers NOT to plant on part of their land this helped raise farm prices by limiting production

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) The plan worked; farm income improved The one drawback farm subsidies (grants of $ from the government) went to landowners rather than to the tenant farmers, who were usually black

Rural Electrification Authority (REA) Power companies mainly ran lines to towns and cities Because the rural population was spread out, power lines were more expensive to build and maintain Best impact of New Deal on GA caused many rural regions to receive electricity for the first time Impact on farmers loaned $ to farmers cooperatives to help them extend their own power lines and buy power wholesale

Social Security It provided retirement and unemployment insurance from taxes paid by both workers and their employers However, farm workers were not covered by the new program Gives some measure of protection to the average citizen and to his family against the loss of a job and against poverty- ridden old age

SS8H9 The student will describe the impact of World War II on Georgias development economically, socially, and politically A.Describe the impact of events leading up to American involvement in World War II, include Lend-Lease and the bombing of Pearl Harbor B.Evaluate the importance of Bell Aircraft, military bases, the Savannah and Brunswick shipyards, Richard Russell, and Carl Vinson C.Explain the impact of the Holocaust on Georgians D.Discuss President Roosevelts ties to GA including his visits to Warm Springs and his impact on the state

Poland is invaded by Germany Appeasement the policy of giving an aggressor what it wants in order to avoid war Great Britain and France declare war on Germany Before troops could get there, Germany and the Soviet Union divided Poland

Neutral United States President Roosevelt watched as Japan, Italy, the Soviet Union, and Germany carved up the world. Isolationism the idea of not taking part in the affairs of other nations The U.S. allowed the Allied Powers to buys arms if they paid cash and carried them in their own ships When the British ran out of cash to buy the arms, Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act

World War II countries Axis powers Germany, Italy, Japan, Allied powers Great Britain, France, United States, Soviet Union* Soviet Union at first, Germany and the Soviet Union were conquering land; they were considered allies, but Germany turned on the Soviet Union

The European Theater

France surrenders June, 1940

Leaders of the Nations Germany Adolf Hitler Japan Emperor Hirohito Italy Benito Mussolini Soviet Union Joseph Stalin

The Leaders

Pearl Harbor To protest Japanese expansion, the United States stopped exporting airplanes, metals, aircraft parts, and aviation gasoline to Japan After Japan invaded French Indochina in 1941, Roosevelt seized all Japanese property in the U.S. Thus, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7, 1941, a Sunday morning

Pearl Harbor

Referred to as the day that will live in infamy The Navys Pacific fleet was destroyed All eight battleships were destroyed or severely damaged 2,000 people were killed; 1,000 were injured December 8, 1941, the U.S. declares war on Japan because of Pearl Harbor

Pearl Harbor U.S.S. Arizona

The Bell Aircraft After Pearl Harbor, the government decided to build additional aircraft plants to make the B-29 bomber Bell Aircraft Company of Buffalo, NY built a new plant in Marietta, GA In 1943, the plant employed 1200 people; by 1945, it employed 27,000 employees The Marietta plant was the largest aircraft assembly plant in the world

The Bell Aircraft It closed after WWII; had built 668 planes Opened back up in 1950 by Lockheed Aircraft Corporation Still located in Marietta

WWII Military Bases in GA Major military bases Fort Benning (Columbus), Camp Gordon (Augusta), Fort Stewart and Hunter Air Field (Savannah), Warner Robbins Air Field (Macon) Fort Benning largest infantry center in the country Glynco Naval Air Station (Brunswick) flew blimps along the coast in search of German subs

WWII Military Bases in GA Prisoners of War were held at Fort Benning, Fort Gordon, Fort Oglethorpe, and Fort Stewart Fort McPherson (Atlanta) a major induction center for newly drafted soldiers from all over the country

Savannah & Brunswick Shipyards Liberty ships were built at the Savannah & Brunswick Shipyards Liberty ships were cargo ships named by President Roosevelt. First of GAs Liberty ships was launched in November 1942 the U.S.S. James Oglethorpe 88 Liberty ships were built in Savannah 99 Liberty ships were built in Brunswick

Liberty Ships

Richard B. Russell, Jr. Georgias youngest governor He consolidated 102 state offices into 17 agencies He created the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia a combination of the boards of trustees of state colleges and universities into one group He ran the state like a successful business

Richard B. Russell, Jr. He served thirty-eight years as a U.S. Senator He helped provide a school lunch to all children He was a respected advisor to six U.S. presidents; when he became pro tempore of the Senate, he was third in line for the presidency

Richard B. Russell, Jr.

Carl Vinson One of Georgias most influential leaders He served twenty-five consecutive terms in the U.S. House of Representatives He represented Georgias interest in the military through his work with the House Naval Affairs Committee and the House Armed Services Committee He had a major influence in promoting a strong national defense

Carl Vinson In 1934, he helped authorize the manufacture of 92 major warships because of tensions in Europe He expanded the naval aviation system to include 10,000 plans, train 16,000 pilots, and establish 20 air bases He is referred to as the father of the two-ocean navy.

Carl Vinson

The Holocaust The name given to the systematic extermination of 6 million Jews An additional 5-6 million people, labeled as undesireables, were also killed People died from starvation, disease, mistreatment, and medical experiments Prisoners, including children, were killed in gas chambers; once dead, they were incinerated in ovens or thrown in mass graves

The Holocaust Adolf Hitler, dictator of Germany, instigated the Holocaust. Concentration Camps the final solution to the Jewish problem Examples: Auschwitz, Buckenwald, Dachau, Treblinka, Bergen-Belsen

The Holocaust

In 1986, the Georgia Commission on the Holocaust was created to take lesson from the history of the Holocaust and use them to help lead new generations of Georgians beyond racism and bigotry. The Commission sponsors an art and writing contest for Georgia middle and high school students

Franklin D. Roosevelt & Georgia One of his New Deal programs did not work the NIRA (National Industrial Recovery Act) It was designed to help workers by setting minimum wages, permitting them organize unions, and allowing factories to cut back on production This legislation mainly affected the textile industry

Franklin D. Roosevelt & Georgia The NIRA was a major threat to mill owners The mill owners used a stretch out a practice that requires workers to tend more machines Workers had to do the same amount of work in an 8-hour shift that they had previously done in a 12- hour shift

Franklin D. Roosevelt & Georgia Thus, textile workers all over the South joined in a strike 45,000 union workers in Georgia took part The strike caused financial hardships for the workers, so the union called off the strike eventually So how did the NIRA affect GA? Resulted in a strike in the textile industry

Franklin D. Roosevelt & Georgia In 1924, Roosevelt began visiting Warm Springs as treatment for his polio

Franklin D. Roosevelt & Georgia Because of the warm springs, he built a small house there in 1932 it became known as the Little White House The warm mineral waters of Warm Springs eased his polio

Franklin D. Roosevelt & Georgia He died on April 24, 1945 from a massive stroke at his house in Warm Springs Harry Truman became the next president of the United States and authorized the use of the atomic bomb both Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Atomic Bomb (Atom Bomb)

the great depression and world war ii ss8h8 – the student will analyze the important events that...

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