Roaring Good Times, Dark Times, & WWII

SS8H8: The student will analyze the important events that occurred after World War I and their impact on Georgia  SS8H9: The student will describe the impact of WWII on Georgia’s development economically, socially, and politically.

https://play.kahoot.it/#/k/5bc5a18d-ff94-478c-85cd-c100774b86f8

Pre-assessment survey

SS8H8: The student will analyze the important events that occurred after World War I and their impact on Georgia  

What made the twenties roar?

http://safeshare.tv/w/YsAqAsTcLi

I Got A New Attitude- The Twenties Woman

▪ 1920 – 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote

▪ More women enter the workforce

▪ Flappers: name given to women who took on the new fashion – known for short hair, make-up, dancing, drinking

▪ First women in Georgia legislature: Bessie Kempton Crowell & Viola Ross Napier

▪ Our old friend Rebecca Latimer Felton becomes the first woman in U.S. Senate

New Ways To Entertain Ourselves

• Jazz: became popular music – Louis Armstrong & Duke Ellington

• Cotton Club in Harlem NY most famous jazz club• Blues: based on black folk music – Ma Rainey &

Bessie Smith• The Charleston was the popular dance• Radio is popular- In Atlanta WSB station started • Talkies- 1927 Movies are now have sound • Our favorite Mouse is born- Mickey Mouse created

by Walt Disney

Moving Faster Than Ever Before

https://www.athensclarkecounty.com/PhotoGallery/Album/5

• In Athens - Ben Epps builds and flies the first airplane in Georgia

• Charles Lindberg flies from New York to Paris (non-stop)

• Model T prices lower- Many people own cars

Old Habits- New Crimes

▪ Speakeasy: clubs known for having alcohol (which was illegal)

▪ Prohibition: laws made sale and distribution of alcohol illegal

▪ Gangsters supplied liquor to speakeasies and clubs

▪ Famous gangsters from New York and Chicago: Al Capone; Baby Face Nelson

Modern Conveniences= More free time

▪ Electricity became more available

▪ gas stoves

▪ Home refrigeration

▪ Vacuum cleaner

▪ toasters & sliced bread

▪ baby food

Not everyone was progressing K.K.K.-Impeding progress

▪ Targeted African Americans, Jews, Catholics, and immigrants

▪ Number of members increased in every state

▪ 1925: Klan march on Washington with 40,000 members

▪ Declining membership by the end of the decade as members were linked to racial terrorism

Georgia’s Economic Troubles (before the Great Depression

begins)▪ Boll weevil: insect which ate Georgia’s most important cash crop (cotton)– From: Traveled from Mexico– When: Arrived around 1915– What does it do: Lays eggs, new larvae eat fluffy white cotton

▪ Price of cotton dropped

▪ 1924: major drought in Georgia– Over planting and poor farming methods damage soil– Over worked & Underwater soiled not good for growing crops

▪ Farms closed forcing banks and farm-related business to close– Farmers unable to repay loans and debts

Boll Weevil found a home but what about the poor farmer?

The Great Migration

▪ Sharecropper and tenant farmers left Georgia to find work in northern factories

▪ Chicago and Detroit were popular destinations

▪ Many African Americans moved north for better pay, education, and more citizenship rights such as voting

▪ Young men sent north first to get jobs; sent for the family when they had saved enough money

▪ Negative- Cities are now overcrowded

POP QUIZ!!!!!!- DON’T FREAK OUT IT’S FOR REVIEW NOT A GRADE!

1. I encouraged African Americans to take immediate and aggressive action to gain their civil rights. – Who am I ?

1. W.E.B. DuBois

2. As a team, we helped found organizations to help African Americans in the community find homes, jobs, and education. – Who are we?

1. John and Lugenia Hope

3. I gave the famous Compromise Speech at the 1895 Atlanta Cotton Exposition, encouraging African Americans to accept the practice of separation between the races. - Who am I?

1. Booker T. Washington

4. I was accused and convicting of a crime I did not commit in part due to my religious beliefs, birth place, and economic position. – Who am I?

1. Leo Frank

5. Arriving around 1915 , I helped to destroy Georgia’s main cash crop.- Who am I?

1. The Boll Weevil

POP QUIZ!!!!!!- DON’T FREAK OUT IT’S FOR REVIEW NOT A GRADE!

6. I was only 1/8 black but was arrested for sitting in the white’s only section of a railway car.- Who am I?

1. Homer Plessy

7. I am the doctrine upheld by the Supreme Court that provides services for white people apart from those of other races. – Who am I?

1. Separate but Equal

8. Poor methods of farming and over planting contributed to the destruction I caused in 1924.- Who am I?

1. the drought

Political Problems Ahead For Georgia

▪ Not everyone will agree with President Roosevelt’s Recovery Plans

▪ Eugene Talmadge – White supremacist– Did not like federal government intervention or government

debt

▪ Against government programs providing relief services – Public welfare– Federal assistance programs

▪ Positive Achievements – Built highways=created jobs– Reduced property taxes, utility fees, and some licenses fees

http://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/eugene-talmadge

Dark Times Ahead ▪ Stock Market: Place where shares of ownership in corporations

(stock) are bought and sold

▪ “Black Tuesday” – October 29, 1929: Stock market prices fall greatly; millions of people lose all their wealth

▪ Total losses by end of year: $40 billion

▪ Example: U.S. Steel was $262 per share – dropped to $22 per share

▪ Some stocks worth less than 1¢

▪ http://video.pbs.org/video/2365207087/

You have traveled back in time to the year 1933. America is in an economic depression. You will live here for 3 months with your (group) family. Life is not easy for everyone during this time. Some of you may be successful but some may not survive.

Instructions

Round 1

1. Roll the dice to find out your profession 2. Roll the dice to find out the number of children you have 3. Roll the dice to find out your place in life & circle it 4. Add your Bills for month, including your groceries for the month 5. Watch Out For Life Cards! 6. Fill out your 1st month Account Book Round 27. Make your shopping list 8. Watch out for Life Cards!9. Fill out your 2nd month Account Book

Round 3

10. Make your shopping list 11. Watch out for Life Cards!12. Fill out your 3rd month Account Book

Causes of the Great Depression

▪ Many people had borrowed too much money

▪ Factories produced more goods than they could sell

▪ As people and businesses had problems making money, banks did not get paid for loans

▪ “Speculation” in the stock market: paying only a portion of the price of a stock hoping that the value will go up

▪ Runs on banks: people were afraid they would lose their money if it was left in the bank

▪ laissez-faire: attitude that the economy would fix itself if left alone

Life During the Depression

▪ 1932: 13 million unemployed

▪ 9,000 banks closed

▪ 31 Georgia banks failed

▪ Hoovervilles: named for President Hoover – shacks where homeless people gathered , made from cardboard and scrap metal

▪ Soup kitchens set up by charities and governments to feed hungry

▪ Schools were often forced to close or shorten schedules

▪ Georgians were already suffering from economic problems before Black Tuesday

Hoover’s Plan for Recovery ▪ President Hoover’s plan–1) government would buy farmer’s crops to help raise

the price▪ Plan did not work, but the food and cotton were used

to help the needy–2) government would hire unemployed people to do

work for the government▪ Plan did not employ enough people to really help

#NewDealequalHelpforAll  

#Learnfromourmistakes

#electricglamourous

#SS1935

#fdrforfarmers#buildbridges

#letitgrow #electricityinthehishouse

#retirementpaidfor

#gottrees?

#awesomeairport

#adjustthatag

President Roosevelt – Here to Save the Day!

▪ 1932: Franklin D. Roosevelt elected president

▪ New Deal: Roosevelt’s plan to end the depression–Examined banks for soundness–Give jobs to unemployed workers–Tried to improve Americans’ lives

▪ Paved the way for recovery though all programs did not work

http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/franklin-d-roosevelt/videos/the-new-deal?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

The New Deal Programs ▪ http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=wF80

co_Y_Bc

▪ Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)—1933– Built dams on the Tennessee River to control flooding and generate electricity

▪ Public Works Administration (PWA)—1933– Put people to work building roads, buildings, and other public works projects

▪ Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)—1933– Insured individual savings accounts so that people did not lose their money if banks

failed or closed their doors.

▪ Federal Housing Administration (FHA)—1934– Insured home loans for low-income families

▪ Works Progress Administration (WPA)—1935– Employed out-of-work Americans to repair roads, build or repair bridges, paint

murals, write guidebooks, put on plays and musical performances, and create statues in parks.

The New Deal Programs & Georgia

▪ CCC: Civilian Conservation Corps – built many parks, sewer systems, bridges, etc.

http://www.history.com/topics/civilian-conservation-corps/videos

▪ AAA: Agricultural Adjustment Act- paid farmers NOT to grow certain crops

▪ http://www.iptv.org/iowapathways/artifact_detail.cfm?aid=a_000759&oid=ob_000051

▪ REA: Rural Electrification Authority – brought electric power to rural areas

▪ http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/rural_electrification_administration

▪ SSA: Social Security Administration- created a system for retirement and unemployment insurance

▪ http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/franklin-d-roosevelt/videos/fdr-creates-social-security?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

Were the New Deal Programs Forgetting Someone?Textbook- 396-397

▪ African Americans did not benefit from many New Deal programs

▪ http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=e09Hry-fbtQ

▪ WPA: Works Public Administration – did employ many African Americans

▪ Roosevelt’s “Black Cabinet”: influential African Americans working with President Roosevelt:– Mary McLeod Bethune– Clark Foreman– Robert Weaver– William Hastie

Create a flyer to advertise a New Deal Program in Georgia.

▪ Include :

▪ Title of your program

▪ When was the program implemented

▪ Reason for your program- Why is it needed

▪ Purpose of your program- What does it do for Georgia

▪ Who is involved- What kind of jobs does it provide and does it have an effect on other businesses

▪ How will this program be implemented or carried out

▪ An image relating to the program

#lettherebelightTheme song: My future’s so bright, I gotta wear shades

REALighting the Way

for Progress

President Roosevelt Here To Save The Day!

• The New Deal - Roosevelt’s aggressive plan of recovery programs intended to bring America out of the Great Depression

• Civilian Conservation Corps• Young single men & veterans,

environmental and infrastructure projects• Agricultural Adjustment Act

• Encouraged farmers to reduce and rotate crops

• Rural Electrification Authority• Brought electricity to areas far from city

• Social Security Administration • A system to provide income for older

people, unemployed people, and disabled

President Roosevelt’s Connection To Georgia

• President Roosevelt suffered from a paralyzing disease called polio.

• Visited Warm Springs, GA, where the natural warm spring waters provided therapeutic pain relief

• Built a home, “The Little White House”• Exposure to rural Georgia helped him

create programs to help solve problems affecting Georgia’s economy

• Created two National Wildlife Refuges• Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge

(1937)• Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge

(1939) • FDR died at Warm Springs April 24, 1945

President Roosevelt’s Connection To Georgia

Opposition for the New Deal Eugene Talmadge

• Openly opposed many parts of the New Deal programs

• Did not like government intervention

• Opposed integration and employing African Americans

• Farmers and people in rural Georgia liked him because his policies supported farmers.

Extreme Policies!1941 – Word spread that some college officials were wanting to integrate state colleges.Talmadge used his power to fire two administrators – the Dean of Education at UGA and the president of the Georgia Teachers College (now Georgia Southern)

http://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/eugene-talmadge

New Deal

believed that by hard work and thrift alone a person could master his own fate

What would Talmadge Do?

• What if Talmadge was the governor of our state today? • What programs would he object to and how would that

effect the people of this state? • Think about this scenario• Pair with an elbow buddy• Share your thoughts

Georgia Governors- Help? Or Hinder?Textbook Reading- 398-401

▪ Richard B. Russell– Elected to U.S. Senate and served for 38 years– Worked to reorganize state government like a successful business

▪ Combined 102 state offices into 17 agencies▪ Cut state spending & balanced the budget

– Worked to make New Deal successful in Georgia – Created National School Lunch Program in 1946

▪ Healthy, well balanced meals – Helped secure and maintain military installations and research institutes – Opposed integration but encouraged non-violence

▪ His position affected his political career – (Later) Supports the US involvement in WWII

Georgia Governors- Help? Or Hinder?

• Eugene TalmadgeDid not like New Deal programs in GeorgiaOften worked hard to gain support from rural communitiesWhite supremacist who didn’t like federal gov’t intervention

• Eurith “Ed” RiversWorked with Roosevelt to increase New Deal spending in GeorgiaBegan programs for public housingTerm ended with corruption problems

Georgia Governors- Help? Or Hinder?

▪ Talmadge re-elected in 1940– Began to use some New Deal programs– Used his power as governor to remove state officials working to

integrate Georgia’s state colleges

▪ Ellis Arnall– Defeated Talmadge and was the 1st governor to serve 4 years– Reformed Board of Regents and state prisons– Removed poll tax– New state constitution– Led GA to become the 1st state to allow 18 years the right to vote

WWII Japan Emperor

HirohitoAttacked China seeking raw materials

Italy Mussolini Attacked Ethiopia and Albania

Germany Adolf Hitler Nazi leader; began rebuilding military forces, persecuting Jews, and silencing opponents

Soviet Union

Josef Stalin Built up industry and military, forced peasants into collective farms, eliminated opponents

War Begins ● 1938: Hitler’s Germany attacks France to “take

back” land lost in WWI (Rhineland)● Sent troops to take over Austria, Czechoslovakia,

and Poland● Great Britain and France declared war● Soviet Union invaded nearby countries and agreed

to split Poland with Germany● By 1940, Hitler controlled Denmark, Norway,

Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg and a large part of France and began bombing Great Britain

America Remains Neutral

● Most Americans did not want to get involved,

but Roosevelt wanted to help Britain

● Hitler turned on Stalin in 1941 and invaded

the Soviet Union

in convoys

Helping Our Allies ● Lend-lease: policy to lend or

lease (rent) weapons to Great Britain and the Soviet Union

● American ships began escorting British ships

Pearl Harbor

● President Roosevelt stopped exports to Japan to protest its expansion into other countries

● Exports of oil, airplanes, aviation gasoline and metals were stopped

● The Japanese attacked the U.S. Navy fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on Dec. 7, 1941

● Japan hoped to destroy the fleet giving them control of the Pacific Ocean

● The USA declared war on Japan

● Allied Powers: USA, Great Britain, Soviet Union

● Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan

America in the War

● Millions of Americans enlisted after the attack on Pearl Harbor

● 330,000 women joined – could not serve in combat roles

● Segregation in the military kept African American and white servicemen in different units

● Tuskegee Airmen: famous African American flyers of the Army Air Force

War in Europe

● 1942-1943: British and American troops won control of Africa

● 1943: Mussolini overthrown and Italy joined the Allies

● American general Dwight D. Eisenhower coordinated plan to recapture Europe

● D-Day: June 6, 1944 – Allied forces land in northern France

● Early 1945: Germans pushed out of France● April 1945: Soviet and American troops meet and

Germany surrenders – Hitler commits suicide

The Death of a Friend

● President Roosevelt dies at the Little White House in Warm Springs, Georgia.

● Vice President Truman becomes President

War in the Pacific● 1942: Japan expanded its territory throughout the

Asian Pacific region● 1945: Allied forces began to retake Japanese

controlled lands● Japan refused to surrender● President Truman authorized the use of atomic bombs

to force Japan’s surrender● Enola Gay: plane that dropped first atomic bomb

on Hiroshima, Japan● Japan surrendered after a second atomic bomb

dropped on Nagasaki● Over 50 million people died in the war

The Holocaust ● The Holocaust: name given to the Nazi plan to kill all

Jewish people

● Auschwitz, Buckenwald, Dachau, Treblinka, Bergen-Belsen infamous concentration camps where Jews and others were executed

● 6 million people killed in the Holocaust

● Opportunity for those in the South to look within their own policies and practices of discrimination, racism, and the violence associated with each.

Georgia and the War ● 320,000 Georgians joined the armed forces – over

7,000 killed● Military bases were built in the state which improved

the economy● Farmers grew needed crops – income tripled for the

average farmer● Limits were put on the consumption of goods such as

gasoline, meat, butter, and sugar (rationing)● Victory Garden: small family gardens to make sure

soldiers would have enough food● POW (prisoner of war) camps in Georgia at some

military bases

Georgia and the War Students were encouraged to buy war bonds and

defense stamps to pay for the war

POW camps in Georgia at some military bases Training Bases:

2nd most in the countrygood climate, cheap land, extensive railroad network, deep water ports, and farms and mills to feed and clothe soldiers.

Rep. Carl Vinson of Ga. And Senator Richard Russell of Ga. Both were influential in building up America’s armed forces.

New Industries in Georgia (WWII)

▪ Bell Aircraft – Marietta, Georgia (Cobb County- @ population 38,000 in

1941)– Built after attack on Pearl Harbor– Manufactured most technologically-advanced bomber

in the world, the Boeing Corporation’s B-29 – By the end of the war, the factory had produced 668

bombers and was the state’s single largest private employer during World War II, with more than 28,000 workers.

http://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/world-war-ii-and-georgia

New Industries in Georgia (WWII)

▪ Brunswick Shipyard – When the Emergency Shipbuilding Program was announced by President Franklin Roosevelt in

January of 1941, Brunswick was one of sixteen ports chosen to construct cargo vessels that would aid Allied forces in Europe.  After the U.S. declared war, these cargo vessels, called “Liberty Ships,” were churned out at incredible speed.  The 16,000 workers at the Brunswick shipyards built 99 ships, 85 of them Liberty Ships, from 1941-1945.  They were capable of hauling thousands of tons of cargo across the Atlantic Ocean.

▪ Savannah Shipyard – Savannah was the other site in Georgia chosen for Liberty Ship construction.  The contract here was

awarded to Southeastern Shipbuilding Corporation, and construction was done on a Savannah River site just east of the city.  Although the contract originally called for the building of 36 ships, the shipyard workers ended up churning out 88 ships for the war effort from 1942-1945.

▪ Both shipyards in Georgia also hired a great number of women, since much of the male workforce was overseas.  Large numbers of African Americans were also employed

https://ss8h9.wordpress.com/coast/brunswick-and-savannah-shipyards/

Wartime Industry Employment in Georgia

Robin's Airfield 13,000Savannah Shipyard 15,000Brunswick Shipyard 16,000Bell Aircraft

Robin’s Bell Air-craft

Brunswick

Savannah

28,000

Carl Vinson a.k.a the Admiral

▪ Supported strong national defense program

▪ Responsible for the creation of the Army Air Corp▪ which later becomes the U.S. Air Force

▪ Influential in the creation of the Pacific Fleet of the U.S. Navy

▪ Instrumental in navy and air force increase before Pearl Harbor Called the Father of the two-ocean navy

http://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/carl-vinson

Richard Russell Instrumental in building our nation’s fighting force up from 174,000 in 1939 to 6,000,000 in 1945

Encouraged international military bases

Believed America’s military should be so strong that no other could successfully challenge it

http://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/richard-b-russell

Show What You Know!!!▪ Name given to women who took on the new fashion – known for short hair,

make-up, dancing, drinking– Flapper

▪ Secret Club known for illegal alcohol sales – Speakeasy

▪ Insect responsible for the destruction of much of Georgia’s cotton (1930s)– Boll Weevil

▪ The major event blamed for the Great Depression– Stock Market Crash 1929

▪ Shack communities used by homeless during the Great Depression– Hoovervilles

https://jeopardylabs.com/play/roaring-good-times-dark-times-and-wwii

Show What You Know!!!▪ President Roosevelt’s plan to recover from the Depression– New Deal

▪ Georgia Governor that fought against many New Deal plans– Eugene Talmadge

▪ Event that eventually sparked a sudden growth in Georgia’s economy– WWII

▪ Industry that employed @ 28,000 Georgians during WWII– Bell Aircraft Industry

▪ Roosevelt’s connections to Georgia before he died– Warm Springs, Georgia- mineral springs- Little White House