The Growth of Industry

Copy this chart And Complete Use pages 321-325

Labor UnionsUnion Year Importan

t PeopleCharacteristics/

SignificanceNational Trades Union (NTU)

Knights of Labor

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

American Railway Union (ARU)

Industrial Workers of the World (Wobblies)

Copy this chart. This is homework due tomorrow.

Use pages 453-455Strikes

Strike Year People Cause Effects

Great Strike of 1877

Haymarket Affair XHomestead Strike

Pullman Company Strike

Copy this chart. This is homework due tomorrow.

Use pages 453-455Strikes

Strike Year People Cause Effects

Great Strike of 1877

1877 Pres. Rutherford B. Hayes

Baltimore & Ohio Railroad workers protested their second wage cut in two months

The strike spread to other railroad lines, stopping traffic for over a week, impeding interstate commerce; Federal troops ended the strike

Haymarket Affair

1886

XProtest police brutality on strikers; Bomb was thrown into a police line

Police fired on workers; police officers and workers died; Public began to turn against the labor movement

Copy this chart. This is homework due tomorrow.

Use pages 453-455Strikes

Strike Year People

Cause Effects

Homestead Strike

1892 Henry Clay Frick

Wage cuts at Carnegie’s Steel Company’s Homestead plant; scabs were brought in and violence irrupted

Three detective and nine workers killed; Plant was closed until the strike was broken up by the National Guard

Pullman Company Strike

1893 Eugene V. Debs

Workers were laid off; pay cuts without a decrease in the cost of housing; Pullman refused to negotiate with workers; ARU boycotted Pullman trains

Scabs were hired and violence irrupted; Federal troops sent in; Debs jailed; Workers fired & blacklisted

Starter 10/2 Turn in test corrections Take out unions charts Take down your 1830s bumper sticker and

put it in your portfolio

Look at the political cartoon on 336 and answer the two questions

Copy this chart. This is homework due tomorrow.

Use pages 451-452.Labor Unions

Union Year Important People

Characteristics/Significance

National Labor Union (NLU)

1866 William H. Sylvis

First large-scale nations labor union; some local chapters refused African Americans; 1868 got Congress to legalize an eight-hour day for government workers

Colored National Labor Union (CLU)

1869 Isaac Meyers

Emphasized cooperation between management and labor; political reform important; Disbanded because Knights of Labor formed

Knights of Labor

1869 Uriah Stephens

Open to all workers, regardless of race, gender or degree of skill; equal pay and 8 hour work day; Believed strikes should be the last resort & advocated for arbitration

Copy this chart. This is homework due tomorrow.

Use pages 451-452.Labor Unions

Union Year Important People

Characteristics/Significance

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

1886 Samuel Gompers

Skilled workers; Focused on collective bargaining; Used strikes as a major tactic; Won higher wages and shorter workweeks

American Railway Union (ARU)

1894 Eugene V. Debs

Specific to the railroad industry and included skilled and unskilled laborers; Won higher wages by using strikes

Industrial Workers of the World (Wobblies)

1905 Eugene V. DebsWilliam “Big Bill” Haywood

Radical socialist labor union that wanted government control of business and property and equal distribution of wealth; Included miners, lumberers, cannery and dock workers; Included African Americans

Create this chart & fill it out! Use pages 437-439.

The Expansion of IndustryInventi

onYear Inventor Significance

Steam Engine Drill

Bessemer Process

Light bulb

Typewriter/ Telephone

The Expansion of IndustryInventio

nYear Inventor Significance

Steam Engine Drill

1859 Edwin Drake

Drill for oil; oil used in industry

Bessemer Process

1850 Henry Bessemer & William Kelly

Removed the carbon from iron to produce steel, which was more flexible, lighter, and rust-resistant; Railroad boom, bridges, skyscrapers

Light bulb

1876 Thomas Edison

Inexpensive, convenient source of energy used in factories (factories could be located anywhere, not just near water & workers could work all hours, not just in the day

Typewriter/ Telephone

1867/ 1876

Christopher Sholes/ Alexander Graham Bell

New jobs for women

The Age of the Railroads

Effects of theRapid GrowthOf Railroads

Use pages442-445

The Age of the RailroadsMany different

Regions of AmericaWere now linked

Long distanceTravel now Possible for

Many Americans

Formation of Standard time

zones

Rapid GrowthOf Railroads

Iron, steel, coal, Lumber, and glass

Industries grew becauseThe railroad needed

Their products

Trade among cities,Towns, and settlements

Increased. Communities Grew and prospered

New towns created (ex. Pullman factory,

Which created sleeping carsFor trains, had a town

Built around it toSupport its workers

Some people becameVery rich from

Profits made in the Railroad industry

After Test Vocabulary Homework Due Wed 10/11. Munn v. Illinois2. Interstate Commerce

Act3. Andrew Carnegie4. Vertical integration5. Horizontal integration6. Social Darwinism7. John D. Rockefeller8. “Robber Barons”9. Sherman Antitrust Act10.Industrial Workers of

the World11.Mary Harris Jones12.Ellis Island

13. Angel Island14. Melting pot15. Nativism16. Chinese Exclusion Act17. Urbanization18. Americanization

movement19. Tenements20. Mass transit21. Settlement houses22. Jane Addams23. Political machine24. Boss Tweed

Starter 10/1 Find Your Test Begin Corrections you will only have 7 min!

Hispanic Heritage Month!

My answer What I was thinking

Correct answer

Why it is correct

Industrialization Immigration Urbanization

Industrialization

Emergence of Big BusinessThe late 19th century witnessed the

emergence of big and powerful businesses, which monopolized their industry

The leaders of these businesses were called “Robber Barons” due to their unscrupulous business practices

John D. Rockefeller Rockefeller

started Standard Oil Company

Why was oil important?

Trusts Standard Oil Company was the

nation’s first trust A trust is a business arrangement

in which a number of companies unite into one system.

They want to destroy all competition & create monopolies

Monopolies A monopoly is when a business has

complete control over an industry’s production, quality, wages paid, and prices charged

The Sherman Anti-trust Act prevented the creation of monopolies by making it illegal to establish trusts that interfere with free trade

Andrew Carnegie Andrew Carnegie founded a steel

company in Pittsburgh, PA (THINK: Pittsburgh Steelers)

Steel was important to the railroad industry

He was a millionaire philanthropist who began the public library system

He used vertical and horizontal integration to build his steel empire

Andrew Carnegie

Vertical Integration A business buys out all of its

suppliers EX: McDonalds would buy out the

makers of:Buns (Merita Bread Company)Ketchup (Heinz)Meat (Smithfield Meats)French Fries (Idaho)

Horizontal Integration A business buys out all of its

competitors For example, McDonald’s would buy

out:Burger KingKFCTaco BellSonic

Social Darwinism Social Darwinism was a philosophy of

this time period which drew from Darwin’s theory of evolution

Put in terms of society, Social Darwinism states that it is acceptable for businesses to be big and controlling, because society is all about the “survival of the fittest”

The weak help the strong survive & thrive

Problems for Workers Many problems were faced by workers

in factories: Long hours Low pay No benefits (health insurance, sick

leave) Dangerous working conditions Child labor

Workers Unite Workers united and formed labor unions,

which demanded improved working conditions

Labor unions would strike (work stoppages by union members as a form of protest)

Key labor unions included: National Labor Union Industrial Workers of the World (Wobblies) American Railway Union American Federation of Labor (founded by Samuel

Gompers) Knights of Labor

Immigration

Objectives 5.01 Evaluate the influence of immigration

and rapid industrialization on urban life. 5.03 Assess the impact of labor unions on

industry and the lives of workers. 5.04 Describe the changing role of

government in economic and political affairs.

New Immigrants Assimilate Immigrants came to America to work in

factories They often faced culture shock,

confusion & anxiety resulting in becoming a part of a new culture that you do not understand

America became a melting pot, a mixture of different people and cultures who blend together and abandon their native language and culture

Immigration Stations Ellis Island, New York (Statue of

Liberty) was the inspection station for European immigrants

Angel Island, San Francisco, CA was the inspection station for Asian immigrants

In 1887, the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed which banned entry of all Chinese immigrants, except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials

Ellis Island –Oral HistoryName Age at

travelHome Country

Age at Interview

Location of Interview

Experiences

Urbanization

Urban Problems (pages 344-346)

Problems Causes- Explain the Problem

Solutions (Leave this blank we will

go over this)

1. Housing Shortages

2. Transportation

3. Water

4. Sanitation

5. Crime

6. Fire

Starter10/6

Urban Problems Problems Causes Solutions

1. Housing Shortages

So many people came to the cities with few housing options:

1. House of the outskirts of town- but, how would they get into the city for work?

2. Tenements that were crowded & unsanitary

NYC passed a law that set standards for plumbing and ventilation

2. Transportation

A large number of people needed to move within the city

Mass transit developed, such as street cars & electric subways

3. Water Need for safe drinking water as populations grew, because there was inadequate piped water or none at all; Diseases spread

Built public waterworks to handle more people; Filtration was introduced

Urban Problems Problems Causes Solutions

4. Sanitation Horse manure piles; sewage in open gutters; smoke from factories; no trash collection

Sewer lines & sanitation departments established

5. Crime Poverty led to crime such as pickpocketing and theft

Established police forces

6. Fire Limited water supply; Wooden dwelling; Use of candles & kerosene heaters posed fire hazards; Deadly fire in Chicago & after the San Francisco earthquake

Full time fire departments established; Automatic fire sprinklers invented; Replace wood buildings with brick, stone, and concrete

Urban Reforms A movement called the Social Gospel

preached salvation through service to the poor

Settlement houses were created, as community centers for people in urban areas, especially immigrants

Settlement houses provided educational, cultural, and social services

Jane Addams Hull House, Chicago

The Gilded Age The time period from 1877-early

1900s is known as the “Gilded Age” Writer Mark Twain coined this term Gilded is something covered in a

thin layer of gold to make it look nice & shiny

This expression was used to imply that the time period appeared to be prosperous, but that appearance was just covering up the poverty and corruption of society

Political Machines A new power structure emerged in the

cities to take control, called political machines

The political machine was an unofficial entity that kept a certain political party in power

Political machines were headed by a “boss” who may or may not hold a political office himself

William “Boss” Tweed, Tammany HallBoss of the NYC Democratic Party

The Purpose of the Political Machines

Political machines provided services to the city, such as police & fire departments.

In exchange for votes, the political machines would provide jobs and other services for immigrants

Government Corruption Many political machines and

government officials became corrupt as their power grew.

Graft (using political influence for personal gain) & “kickbacks” (taking money from government construction projects) were common

Ex. Boss Tweed built a NYC Courthouse which actually cost $3 million, but the taxpayers were charged $13 million

The Progressive Movement

Homework:Due Tuesday

1. Fredrick Law Olmstead2. Orville & Wilbur Wright3. George Eastman4. Booker T. Washington5. W.E.B. Du Bois6. Ida B. Wells7. Poll tax8. Grandfather Clause9. Segregation10. Jim Crow laws11. Plessy v. Ferguson12. Joseph Pulitzer 13. William Randolph Hearst14. Mark Twain

15. Rural free delivery16. Prohibition17. Initiative18. Referendum19. Recall20. 17th Amendment21. Susan B. Anthony22. Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle23. Square Deal24. Conservation25. NAACP26. Bull Moose Party27. Clayton Anti-trust Act28. Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

Starter10/6

Take out urban Problem chart!

Life at the Turn of the Century

With industrialization came more time for leisure

Men enjoyed saloons as places to drink, socialize, and discuss politics

Women enjoyed cabarets and dance halls

Families attended amusement parks & vaudeville shows

City parks were popular and were designed to provide an outlet to city life

The Progressive MovementAs the 20th century began,

government officials and citizens called for reforms in business, politics, and society

The Progressive Movement was the time period in which massive industrial, political, and societal reforms took place

1. Ida Tarbell 2. Booker T. Washington 3. William H. Taft 4. muckrakers 5. Pure Food and Drug Act 6. 19th Amendment 7. Henry Ford 8. WEB Du Bois 9. 17th Amendment 10. Meat Inspection Act 11. NAACP 12. Robert La Follette 13. Mark Twain

14. Woodrow Wilson 15. Homer Plessy 16. Ida B. Wells 17. Florence Kelley 18. The Wright Brothers 19. Theodore Roosevelt 20. Fredrick Law Olmstead 21. Progressive Movement 22. Prohibition 23. Upton Sinclair 24. Susan B. Anthony 25. Jim Crow laws

Write down the name that matches your number and wait for further directions.

It’s Time to Play…

Who Am I?

Directions: You will be assigned a person or thing to

research and present in front of the class You will have 12 minutes to read about

your person/thing & write up your presentation

Your presentation should be NO MORE than 2/3 minutes

Your presentation must include: An introduction statement: “I am….” Some general significant facts about the person/thing Explanation of the significance of the person/thing to the

Progressive Era & U.S. History End with the statement: “Who am I?”

Muckrakers

Journalists exposed much of the government and industrial corruption

These journalists were called “muckrakers”

Homer

Plessy

Plessy v. Ferguson established “separate but equal” doctrine

Segregated facilities are legal as long as they are equal

19th Amendment

Women’s suffrage

NAACP

Founded by WEB DuBois

National Association for the Advancement of Colored

People

19th Amendment

Women’s suffrage

Ida Tarbell

“Muckraker” journalist who revealed the abuses of the

Standard Oil Company

William H. Taft

Progressive President

George Eastman

Developed the Kodak camera

Made photography easy and a hobby

Henry Ford Invented the automobile

and the assembly line Model T came only in

black Paid his workers higher

wages so they could afford a car

Booker T.

Washington

Founder of Tuskegee Institute to train African Americans in vocational

skills

WEB DuBois

First African American to receive a PhD from Harvard

Believed African Americans should become professionals

Carrie Nation

Led the “anti-saloon” movement

Destroyed saloons with her hatchet

Woodrow Wilson

Progressive President

Ida B. Wells

Journalist who led the anti-lynching

campaign

Florence Kelley

Led reform to improve the condition of

working women & children

Wilbur & Orville Wright

First to fly

Theodore Roosevelt

Progressive President

Theodore Roosevelt Square Deal

Response to corrupt business practices Promised workers they would receive “square deal” He would enforce progressive reforms

Conservation Natural resources not endless California’s Yosemite national Park 1903 50 wildlife sanctuaries Keep large tracts of federal land away from the public

Frederick Law Olmsted

Designed Central Park, New York City

Upton Sinclair

Wrote The Jungle, which exposed the horrific conditions in the U.S. meatpacking industry

Regulation of Food and Drugs Upton Sinclair

The Jungle Exposes horrors in meat packing industry

Meat Inspection Act 1906 Roosevelt’s response to The Jungle Sent experts to investigate meat packing industry Government paid for inspections Did not have to date foods Could take inspectors to court to appeal

Pure Food & Drug Act 1906 Stopped sale of contaminated food and medicine Required honest labeling of products

Susan B. Anthony

Leader of the women’s suffrage

movement

Plessy v. Ferguson Ida Tarbell Booker T. Washington William H. Taft George Eastman muckrakers Pure Food and Drug Act 19th Amendment Henry Ford WEB Du Bois Clayton Anti-trust Act Meat Inspection Act Carrie Nation

Woodrow Wilson Bull Moose Party Ida B. Wells Florence Kelley The Wright Brothers Theodore Roosevelt Progressive Movement Prohibition Upton Sinclair Susan B. Anthony Jim Crow laws Square Deal Conservation

Starter: Monday, October 23 Create a BINGO card using the

words below. Put one word in each space: