the home construction process

THE HOME CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

THE HOME CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

By: Jillaine Thomson

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SITE PREPARATIONSITE PREPARATION

• Building Site Layout • Building Site Layout

PLOT PLAN• Shows survey marks with elevation and grading requirements• Used to set up the corners and perimeters of building using batter boards and line stakes• Furnishes the essential data for laying out the building

• Site Staking • Site Staking

1. Locate building lines2. Establish corner stakes3. Batter boards set up 3-4’ outside of marks

THE FOUNDATIONTHE FOUNDATION

• Excavation • Excavation

Site excavated for foundation walls and footings

Soil usually removed using bulldozer or tractor with blade

Soil is saved for final grading

Site excavated for foundation walls and footings

Soil usually removed using bulldozer or tractor with blade

Soil is saved for final grading

• Footing Construction • Footing Construction

CONCRETE POURED INTO FORM BOARDS

FORM BOARDS CONSTRUCTEDOF 2” CONSTUCTION LUMBER

FOOTING THICKNESS =FOUNDATION WALL THICKNESS FOOTING WIDTH = TWICE THE WALL THICKNESS

BUILDING CODE MAY REQUIRE SOME REINFORCEDSTEEL IN THE FOOTING - COMMONLY TWO RUNS OF 1/2 STEEL REBAR.

• Footings with Vertical Rebar • Footings with Vertical Rebar

Footings located over soft or poorly drained soils or over non-uniform soils should have steel reinforcement bars placed along the length of the footing 2” from the bottom

Footings located over soft or poorly drained soils or over non-uniform soils should have steel reinforcement bars placed along the length of the footing 2” from the bottom

STEEL REBAR

• Finished Footing • Finished Footing

POURED CONCRETE FOOTINGWITH KEY AND STEEL REBAR

REBAR & KEY - hold concrete foundationwalls in position preventing them from moving and shifting.

FOOTINGS MAY USE EITHER A V-SHAPED KEY AND/ORREBAR TO STRENGTHEN THE FOUNDATION WALLS

FOOTING WITH V-SHAPED KEYUPON WHICH FOUNDATION

WALLS ARE POURED



V-SHAPED KEY

SPREAD FOOTINGS

• Stepped Footing • Stepped Footing

STEEL BARS IN HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL FOOTING WHERE STEPS ARE LOCATED

NECESSARY WHEN BUILDING ON HILLY TERRAIN.

• T - Foundation • T - Foundation

Most common type of foundation. Name is derived from shape of

foundation and footing.

Most common type of foundation. Name is derived from shape of

foundation and footing.

FOUNDATION WALL

• T - Foundation Forms • T - Foundation Forms

STEP ONE: WALL FORMS SUPPORTED BY 2 X 4S WHILE BEING POSITIONED ON FOOTING

STEP TWO:WALL FORMS BOLTED INTO PLACEAND THEN CONCRETE IS POURED INTO FORMS; WHEN CURED THE FORMS ARE REMOVED

• Foundation Forms with Rebar • Foundation Forms with Rebar

FORMS ARE IN PLACE WITH REBAR AND READY FOR CONCRETE TO BE POURED INTO FORMS

FORMS ARE IN PLACE WITH REBAR AND READY FOR CONCRETE TO BE POURED INTO FORMS

REBAR MAY BE PLACED IN WALL FORMS

• Drain Tile Placement • Drain Tile Placement

FOUNDATION DRAIN TILE SYSTEM COMPONENTS:DRAIN TILE (PERFORATED PIPE)

FILTERMEDIA (GRAVEL)GRAVEL COVERWATER OUTLET

FOUNDATION DRAIN TILE SYSTEM COMPONENTS:DRAIN TILE (PERFORATED PIPE)

FILTERMEDIA (GRAVEL)GRAVEL COVERWATER OUTLET

PERORATED PLASTICDRAIN TILE

EMBEDDED IN GRAVELTRENCH AROUND BASE

OF FOUNDATION

DRAIN TILE INSIDE FOOTING AND AROUND

FOOTING

DRAIN TILE AROUNDPERIMETER OF FOOTING

PURPOSE: DRAIN WATER AWAY FROM THE FOUNDATION

• Damp Proofing of Foundation Wall • Damp Proofing of Foundation Wall

SPRAY ON WATERPROOFING -ASPHALT, LATEX OR RUBBERPROTECTIVE COATING



WATERPROOFING MEMBRANEOF POLYETHYLENE

Prevents Moisture From Passing Through Walls to Interior Spaces

• Steel Column and I-Beam Placement • Steel Column and I-Beam Placement



STEEL I-BEAM SUPPORTSTHE FLOOR JOISTS

• Backfill and Grading Around Foundation • Backfill and Grading Around Foundation

BACKFILL ANDGRADING

• Foundation Type One: Pier and Post • Foundation Type One: Pier and Post

NO PERIMETER FOUNDATION OR FOUNDATION PAD.

FOUNDATION CAN BE BUILT QUICKLY AND CHEAPLY.

OFTEN EMPLOYED IN TROPICS AND FLOOD PRONE REGIONS.

NO PERIMETER FOUNDATION OR FOUNDATION PAD.

FOUNDATION CAN BE BUILT QUICKLY AND CHEAPLY.

OFTEN EMPLOYED IN TROPICS AND FLOOD PRONE REGIONS.

• Foundation Type Two: Poured Concrete • Foundation Type Two: Poured Concrete

FROST-PROTECTED SHALLOW FOUNDATION

FROST-PROTECTED SHALLOW FOUNDATION







T-SHAPED FOUNDATION

SLAB ON GRADEFOUNDATION

(SHALLOW FOUNDATION)

• Foundation Type Three: Concrete Block • Foundation Type Three: Concrete Block

• Foundation Type Four: Wood • Foundation Type Four: Wood

A BELOW GRADE, PLYWOOD SHEATHED, PRESSURE-TREATED STUD WALL

PARTICULARLY ATTRACTIVE IN WARMER CLIMATES WHERE FREEZING OF GROUND IS INFREQUENT

A BELOW GRADE, PLYWOOD SHEATHED, PRESSURE-TREATED STUD WALL

PARTICULARLY ATTRACTIVE IN WARMER CLIMATES WHERE FREEZING OF GROUND IS INFREQUENT

PRESSURE TREATED WOOD

FRAMING:FRAMING:

• Framing Type One: Platform • Framing Type One: Platform

Studs are interrupted at each floor level by the floor construction.

Advantages over balloon framing: studs are only one storey high so long pieces of lumber are not required; wall sections can be fabricated on the floor platforms in a horizontal position and then lifted into place.

Studs are interrupted at each floor level by the floor construction.

Advantages over balloon framing: studs are only one storey high so long pieces of lumber are not required; wall sections can be fabricated on the floor platforms in a horizontal position and then lifted into place.

• Framing Type Two: Balloon • Framing Type Two: Balloon

Uses a technique of hanging thefloors from the walls - wall studsrest directly on the sill plate andeach floor “hangs” on the studs.

Balloon framing offers the advantages of small potentialshrinkage and good verticalstability.

• Comparison: Platform and Balloon Framing • Comparison: Platform and Balloon Framing

PLATFORM FRAMING: The predominant form of house construction.

BALLOON FRAMING: Was once used extensively, but in recent years has diminished in importance.

PLATFORM FRAMING: The predominant form of house construction.

BALLOON FRAMING: Was once used extensively, but in recent years has diminished in importance.

• Framing Type Three: Post and Beam • Framing Type Three: Post and Beam

Uses posts, beams and planks as framing members that are larger and spaced farther apart than conventional framing members.

Provides greater freedom of design than conventional framing techniques.

Uses posts, beams and planks as framing members that are larger and spaced farther apart than conventional framing members.

Provides greater freedom of design than conventional framing techniques.

BEAM

POST

• Framing Option: Steel Framing • Framing Option: Steel Framing

MANY BUILDERS ARE ADOPTING RESIDENTIAL STEEL FRAMING BECAUSE OF ITS PRICE AND SUPPLY STABILITY.

MEMBERS WEIGH LESS THAN WOOD AND HAVE PRE-PUNCHED HOLES FOR PIPING AND ELECTRICAL WIRING.

STEEL CAN SPAN GREATER DISTANCES PROVIDING LARGER OPEN SPACES AND INCREASED DESIGN FLEXIBILITY.

STEEL WILL NOT ROT, SHRINK, SPLIT, SWELL OR BURN.

STEEL IS RECYCLABLE.

MANY BUILDERS ARE ADOPTING RESIDENTIAL STEEL FRAMING BECAUSE OF ITS PRICE AND SUPPLY STABILITY.

MEMBERS WEIGH LESS THAN WOOD AND HAVE PRE-PUNCHED HOLES FOR PIPING AND ELECTRICAL WIRING.

STEEL CAN SPAN GREATER DISTANCES PROVIDING LARGER OPEN SPACES AND INCREASED DESIGN FLEXIBILITY.

STEEL WILL NOT ROT, SHRINK, SPLIT, SWELL OR BURN.

STEEL IS RECYCLABLE.

FLOOR FRAMINGFLOOR FRAMING

1. VERTICAL MEMBERS = JOISTS

2. JOISTS RUN PERPENDICULAR TO THEIR SUPPORTS AND CARR THE STRUCTURAL LOAD.

3. ENDS OF JOISTS REST EITHER ON FOUNDATIONS (MAIN FLOOR) OR LOAD-BEARING WALLS (UPPER FLOOR).

1. VERTICAL MEMBERS = JOISTS

2. JOISTS RUN PERPENDICULAR TO THEIR SUPPORTS AND CARR THE STRUCTURAL LOAD.

3. ENDS OF JOISTS REST EITHER ON FOUNDATIONS (MAIN FLOOR) OR LOAD-BEARING WALLS (UPPER FLOOR).

• Anatomy of Floor Framing • Anatomy of Floor Framing

• Sill Plate or Sole Plate • Sill Plate or Sole Plate

SILL PLATE or SOLE PLATE• Fits over the anchor bolts sticking out of the concrete foundation.• Should be pressure treated or pesticide treated lumber.• Most are 2 x 8 lumber.• Secured all the way around the foundation.• Vertical members or rim joist attached to sill plate.



RIM JOIST

FOUNDATION WALL

SILL PLATE OR SOLE PLATE(attached to anchor bolts)

• Rim (Band) Joist • Rim (Band) Joist



RIM JOIST

SILL PLATE

FLOOR JOIST

FOUNDATIONWALL

RIM JOIST• A sill (horizontal members of construction) caps the end row of joists that support a floor ceiling.• Fastened to sill plate.

• Joists and Beams • Joists and Beams

FRAMING FOR FLOOR ON TOP OF FOUNDATION WALL

JOIST: providessupport for floor. SOLID BRIDGING

For longer joist spans; Cross bridging may be used to stiffenfloor and spread loadover a broader area.

BEAM: supportsjoists.

• Floor Truss Systems • Floor Truss Systems

Truss: rigid framework designed to support a load over a span. Engineered wood floor trusses are often used in place of floor joists in

residential structures. These trusses consist of a top chord, bottom chord and web. Provide openings for plumbing, HVAC and electrical.

Truss: rigid framework designed to support a load over a span. Engineered wood floor trusses are often used in place of floor joists in

residential structures. These trusses consist of a top chord, bottom chord and web. Provide openings for plumbing, HVAC and electrical.

TOP CHORDBOTTOM CHORD

WEB

• Stair and Chimney Openings • Stair and Chimney Openings

Opening in the floors for stairs and chimneys require double joist framing or ‘sistering’ around opening.

Opening in the floors for stairs and chimneys require double joist framing or ‘sistering’ around opening.

DOUBLEHEADER REGULAR

JOIST

HEADER

• Special Floor Framing Considerations • Special Floor Framing Considerations



MECHANICAL/ELECTRICAL• Open flooring system can accommodate mechanical equipment such as ventilation ducts, water pipes, waste water pipes and electrical power lines.

• Sub floor Installation • Sub floor Installation

SUBFLOOR (5/8” OR 1/2” PREFERRED) IS ATTACHED TOTOP OF FLOOR JOISTS.

PLYWOOD OR OSB PANELS AREINSTALLED AT RIGHT ANGLE TOTHE JOISTS; MAY BE GLUED OR NAILED TO JOISTS.

• Cut out in sub floor for floor register • Cut out in sub floor for floor register

FLOOR REGISTER

SUBFLOOR

WALL FRAMINGWALL FRAMING

WALL IS USUALLY CONSTRUCTED FLAT ON SUBFLOOR AND THEN FRAME IS THEN LIFTED VERTICAL INTO THE CORRECT POSITION.

WALL FRAMING LUMBER IS USUALLY DOUGLAS FIR, SOUTHERN YELLOW PINE, HEMLOCK, SPRUCE OR LARCH.

VERTICAL FRAMING MEMBERS = STUDS

Current industry standard: 2 x 4 frame at 16” centers with double top plates, three stud corners, jack studs, cripples and double headers

Newest industry standard: 2 x 6 frame at 24” centers with single top plates, two stud corners, no jack studs, no cripples and single headers with the advantage of cheaper and faster to build, saves energy (60% deeper cavity and uses less wood) and easier installation of services because framing members are farther apart.

WALL IS USUALLY CONSTRUCTED FLAT ON SUBFLOOR AND THEN FRAME IS THEN LIFTED VERTICAL INTO THE CORRECT POSITION.

WALL FRAMING LUMBER IS USUALLY DOUGLAS FIR, SOUTHERN YELLOW PINE, HEMLOCK, SPRUCE OR LARCH.

VERTICAL FRAMING MEMBERS = STUDS

Current industry standard: 2 x 4 frame at 16” centers with double top plates, three stud corners, jack studs, cripples and double headers

Newest industry standard: 2 x 6 frame at 24” centers with single top plates, two stud corners, no jack studs, no cripples and single headers with the advantage of cheaper and faster to build, saves energy (60% deeper cavity and uses less wood) and easier installation of services because framing members are farther apart.

• Exterior Wall Framing • Exterior Wall Framing

METAL STRIP BRACING

REGULAR STUD

SOLE PLATE

ROUGH WINDOW OPENING

DOUBLE TOP PLATE

JOINING OF 8’ WIDE MODULES

• Exterior Corner Wall Framing • Exterior Corner Wall Framing

BLOCKING

SOLE PLATE

THE CORNER MUST PROVIDEADEQUATE SUPPORT FOR THE STRUCTURE

• Interior Partition Wall Framing • Interior Partition Wall Framing

SOLE PLATESTUDS 16” OCSTUD

SUBFLOOR

• CONSTRUCTED IN SAME WAY AS EXTERIOR WALLS.

DOUBLE TOP PLATE

• Building and Erecting Framing • Building and Erecting Framing

WALL FRAMING CONSTRUCTED ON SUBFLOOR

WALL FRAMING LIFTED INTOVERTICAL POSITION

• Blocking • Blocking

BLOCKING• Pieces of wood or other material that run between wall studs.• Provide support and attachment sites for mounted hardware such as cabinets, shelving, and towel bars.

BLOCKING

• Blocking for Kitchen and Bathroom • Blocking for Kitchen and Bathroom

BLOCKING FOR CABINETRY KITCHEN BLOCKING/PLATESFOR PLUMBING

BLOCKING FOR TOWEL AND GRAB BARS

• Blocking for Return Ductwork • Blocking for Return Ductwork

BLOCKINGFOR RETURNDUCTWORK

• Rough Opening for Doors • Rough Opening for Doors

DOUBLE TOP PLATE

CRIPPLE

HEADER - supports weight above opening

REGULAR STUD

DOOR OPENING

TRIMMER STUD (inside stud)

SOLE PLATE

6’10” - SOLE PLATE TO HEADER

8’ - 1 1/2” FULL HEIGHT

KING STUD (outside stud)

• Rough Opening for Windows • Rough Opening for Windows

HEADER - SOLID BLOCKING(HEADER LENGTH = ROUGH OPENINGWIDTH PLUS TWO TRIMMER WIDTHS

TRIMMER STUD -support header over opening in wall.

ROUGH OPENING FORWINDOW

CRIPPLE STUD (inner stud)

Openings for doors & windows are framed before wall is moved to verticalposition.

KING STUD (outer stud)

SILL

• Bathroom Wall Framing Considerations • Bathroom Wall Framing Considerations

FRAMING FOR WHIRLPOOLTUB

FRAMING FOR SHOWER

• Kitchen Wall Framing Considerations • Kitchen Wall Framing Considerations

SOFFIT or BULKHEAD TRAY CEILING

RANGE HOOD KITCHEN ISLAND

CEILING FRAMINGCEILING FRAMING

AFTER THE EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR WALLS ARE ERECTED, PLUMBED, BRACED AND SECOND TOP PLATES ADDED, CEILING JOISTS MAY BE PUT IN PLACE.

BASIC CONSTRUCTION OF CEILING IS SIMILAR TO FLOOR CONSTUCTION EXCEPT: A HEADER IS NOT REQUIRED AROUND THE PERIMETER; SMALLER SIZE LUMBER IS USED.

AFTER THE EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR WALLS ARE ERECTED, PLUMBED, BRACED AND SECOND TOP PLATES ADDED, CEILING JOISTS MAY BE PUT IN PLACE.

BASIC CONSTRUCTION OF CEILING IS SIMILAR TO FLOOR CONSTUCTION EXCEPT: A HEADER IS NOT REQUIRED AROUND THE PERIMETER; SMALLER SIZE LUMBER IS USED.

• Main Floor Ceiling Framing • Main Floor Ceiling Framing

CEILING JOIST - size will depend on load, wood species, span and joist spacing.

CEILING JOIST

SUBFLOOR

GIRDER OR STEEL I-BEAM- support for longer spans.

CROSS BRIDGING TO PREVENT WARPING OR TWISTING

SOLID JOIST FLOOR SYSTEM

• Anatomy of Ceiling Framing • Anatomy of Ceiling Framing

• Upper Floor Ceiling Framing • Upper Floor Ceiling Framing

Top floor ceilings that slope are usually attached directly to the roofframing, with insulation in between.

• Special Ceiling Framing Considerations • Special Ceiling Framing Considerations

CATHEDRAL CEILING COVE CEILING

BARREL CEILING VAULTED CEILING



COFFERED CEILING

• Special Ceiling Framing Considerations • Special Ceiling Framing Considerations

TRAY CEILING SKYLIGHTS

FRAMING FOR DUCTWORK SOFFIT FRAMING FOR KITCHEN

EXTERIOR SHEATHING AFTER FRAMING

EXTERIOR SHEATHING AFTER FRAMING

• Exterior Sheathing • Exterior Sheathing

PLYWOOD OR OSB SHEATHINGNO INSULATING PROPERTIES

RIGID FORM INSULATION USED IN

PLACE OF PLYWOOD OR OSB PROVIDES INSULATING PROPERTIES AND MOISTURE

RESISTANCE



HOUSEWRAP THIN LAYER OF POLYETHYLENE THATPROTECTS HOUSE FROM WIND, RAIN, MOISTURE AND AIR INFILTRATION YET STILL ALLOWS HOME TO “BREATHE”

ROOF FRAMINGROOF FRAMING

• Anatomy of a Common Rafter • Anatomy of a Common Rafter

• Roof Rafters • Roof Rafters

The rafter is a structural element of the roof that supports the sheathing. Rafters used frequently for remodeling, cathedral ceilings, full second floor

storage and spans up to 24’.

The rafter is a structural element of the roof that supports the sheathing. Rafters used frequently for remodeling, cathedral ceilings, full second floor

storage and spans up to 24’.

RIDGE BOARD COMMON RAFTERS -Perpendicular to the wall plateand extend from the ridge

TYPES OF ROOF RAFTERS

• Roof Truss Systems • Roof Truss Systems

The roof truss is an assembly of members that form a rigid framework of triangular shapes.

Permits wide, unsupported spans of 24 - 60’ with a minimum amount of material; used mostly in new construction.

Most commonly used for lower sloped roofs. There are numerous roof truss designs.

The roof truss is an assembly of members that form a rigid framework of triangular shapes.

Permits wide, unsupported spans of 24 - 60’ with a minimum amount of material; used mostly in new construction.

Most commonly used for lower sloped roofs. There are numerous roof truss designs.



DIAGONAL BRACE LOWER CHORD

UPPERCHORD

• Lifting Trusses Into Place • Lifting Trusses Into Place

TRUSSES LIFTED INTO PLACE WITH CRANE - USUALLY ON LARGER

PROJECTS

TRUSSES LIFTED INTO PLACEBY HAND - USUALLY ON SMALLER

PROJECTS



• Roof Truss Positioning • Roof Truss Positioning



ROOF TRUSSES TEMPORARILY HELD IN PLACEUNTIL THEY CAN BE PERMANENTLY SECURED TO

THE WALLS

ROOF TRUSSES

INSULATION INSULATION

• Types of Interior Insulation • Types of Interior Insulation



BATT INSULATION

BOARD INSULATION

• Types of Interior Insulation • Types of Interior Insulation

SPRAY FOAM INSULATION

LOOSE FILL INSULATION

DRYWALL DRYWALL

• Drywall Installation • Drywall Installation



DRYWALL INSTALLATION

DRYWALL TAPING AND COUMPOUND

• Corner Bead • Corner Bead

CORNER BEAD

• Corners bead prevents the edges of the drywall from crumbling and help make a smooth seam.

• Installed after drywall is hung and before you tape the joints.

• Drywall Taping and Compounding • Drywall Taping and Compounding



DRYWALL HAS BEEN TAPED AND SMOOTHED OUT WITH TAPING COMPOUND

DRYWALL TAPING

DRYWALL

MECHANICALS:MECHANICALS:

ELECTRICALELECTRICAL

• Electrical Power • Electrical Power



Electricity is installed first to providePower for the construction crew’stools and lighting.

DISTRIBUTION PANEL

• Distribution Panel • Distribution Panel

ELECTRICAL WIRING LEADING FROMDISTRIBUTION PANEL THROUGHFLOOR JOIST TO THE ELECTRICAL SOURCES IN HOME

DISTRIBUTION PANEL

CIRCUIT BREAKERS

• Telephone Cable Service Panel • Telephone Cable Service Panel

SERVICE ENTRANCECABLE

• Lighting In Framing • Lighting In Framing

SWITCH BOX

ELECTRICAL WIRING

RECESSED LIGHTING IN CEILINGJOIST

• Electrical Rough-ins Before Finish Drywall • Electrical Rough-ins Before Finish Drywall

ELECTRICAL BOXES IN DRYWALLED CEILING FOR

SPOT LIGHTS

WIRING IN DRYWALL FOR SWITCHESAND WALL LIGHTS

PLUMBINGPLUMBING

• Plumbing Placed During Framing • Plumbing Placed During Framing



HOT AND COLDWATER BRANCH LINES

WHITE PVC PIPE DRAINS WASTE WATER

OPENINGS MADE BY PIPES ARE CAULKED WITH PINK FOAM FIRESTOP

SOLE PLATEREINFORCED WITHMETAL WHERE PIPESPASS THROUGH IT

• Plumbing in Wall Framing • Plumbing in Wall Framing

BLOCKING FOR WATER LINES

HOT AND COLD WATER BRANCHLINES FOR BATHTUB - COPPERAND PLASTIC PIPE

PLASTIC DRAINAGE PIPING FROM BATHTUB

NOTE: Each branch line and fixtureMust have a shutoff valve

SHUT OFF VALVE ON OTHER SIDE OF DRYWALL

• Plumbing Rough-In for Bathroom • Plumbing Rough-In for Bathroom

ROUGH-IN FORTOILET

ROUGH-IN FORSHOWER

DRAINAGEPIPING

• Sump Pump • Sump Pump



SUMP PUMP ANDSUMP PIT

SUMP PUMP• Pumps water from basement to outside of home• May drain water into the home’s drainage pipe system or may simply pump water outside.• Most often used when home’s basement is below water table or in areas where flooding is common.

• Waste Water Pipe to Sewer • Waste Water Pipe to Sewer



PVC PIPE TAKES WASTEWATER OUT THROUGH THE BASEMENT WALL TO THE SEWER SYSTEM

HEATINGHEATING

Hot water heater and furnace Hot water heater and furnace





GAS PIPE forfurnace hook-up

STACK - waste water vent runsVertically up through the roof toallow atmospheric pressure to enter system and prevent vacuum from building up as the waster water is discharged

FURNACE beforehook-up

COPPER WATER PIPESHot water heater will be Hooked up to these pipes

HOT WATER HEATER

Furnace being installed and sheet metal ventilation ductwill be attached to it

• HVAC Installed in Ceiling Joists • HVAC Installed in Ceiling Joists

• HVAC Ventilation Ducts • HVAC Ventilation Ducts

VENTILATIONVENTILATION

• Bathroom Ventilation Ducts and Fans • Bathroom Ventilation Ducts and Fans



VENTILATION DUCT FROM BATHROOM TO OUTSIDE -CONNECTS TO FAN

CEILING JOIST

BATHROOMEXHAUST FAN

• Rough-in for Bathroom Ventilation Fan • Rough-in for Bathroom Ventilation Fan

HOUSING FOR VENTILATION FAN

DUCT TO OUTSIDE

EXTERIOR FINISH:EXTERIOR FINISH:

• Window Installation • Window Installation

To ensure a protection against infiltrations, a flexible water-repellantflashing should be installed around the outside of the window opening

WINDOWS INSTALLED FROMEXTERIOR OF HOME

• Anatomy of a Window • Anatomy of a Window



WINDOW SECTION

FRONT VIEW OF WINDOW



• Exterior Door Installation • Exterior Door Installation

1. Ensure the rough opening is plumb and that the subsill is level; rough opening should be at least 1” wider and taller than the outside frame dimensions of the door system.

2. Apply two generous beads of butyl caulk along subsill an inch inside the front and rear edges of where the sill will be placed. Extend the caulk 2” up the sides of rough framing.

3. Place door in the opening. Put in bottom first with the top facing outward towards you, then tilt the door into place.

4. Center the door in the opening and shim the frame tightly in place at the very bottom of the rough opening.

1. Ensure the rough opening is plumb and that the subsill is level; rough opening should be at least 1” wider and taller than the outside frame dimensions of the door system.

2. Apply two generous beads of butyl caulk along subsill an inch inside the front and rear edges of where the sill will be placed. Extend the caulk 2” up the sides of rough framing.

3. Place door in the opening. Put in bottom first with the top facing outward towards you, then tilt the door into place.

4. Center the door in the opening and shim the frame tightly in place at the very bottom of the rough opening.

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• Exterior Door Details • Exterior Door Details



SIDE LIGHTS

GLAZING

• Types of Exterior Siding • Types of Exterior Siding







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ENGINEERED WOOD OR COMPOSITE BOARD

WOOD CLAPBOARD CEDARSHINGLE OR “SHAKE”

STONE VENEER VINYL SIDING



STUCCO

• Masonry • Masonry

BRICKS APPLED TOEXTERIOR OF HOME

RIGID INSULATION

BUILDING PAPER

MASONRY

SCAFFOLDING

BRICK AND BRICK VENEER EXTERIORS

• Anatomy of a Roof • Anatomy of a Roof

• Roof Sheathing • Roof Sheathing

PLYWOOD, PARTICLEBOARD, OSB OR WAFER BOARD SHEATHING APPLIED TO ROOF FRAMING

PLYWOOD, PARTICLEBOARD, OSB OR WAFER BOARD SHEATHING APPLIED TO ROOF FRAMING

• Roof Flashing and Drip Edge • Roof Flashing and Drip Edge

BASE FLASHING

STEP FLASHING

VENT PIPE FLASHING

VALLEY FLASHING

STEP FLASHING UNDER SIDING

CONTINUOUS FLASHING

DRIP EDGE UNDER FELT ALONGEAVES

DRIP EDGE OVER FELT ALONGRAKE

• Flashing is used to repel water from areas of potential leakage.• Drip edge prevents water from entering behind shingles and protects fascia or rake boards.

• Gutters and Downspouts • Gutters and Downspouts

Gutters collect water from the roof and direct it to the downspout. Sloped apx. 1” per 20’ Constructed of vinyl, aluminum or steel.

Gutters collect water from the roof and direct it to the downspout. Sloped apx. 1” per 20’ Constructed of vinyl, aluminum or steel.

SECTIONHANGER

LEAF SCREEN

INSIDE CORNER

END CAP

OUTSIDE CORNER

ELBOWS

STRAP

DOWNSPOUT

SPLASH BLOCK

• Gutters and Downspouts • Gutters and Downspouts

GUTTER

DOWNSPOUT

• Roof Shingles • Roof Shingles

STEPS IN ROOFING APPLICATION• Install ice and water guard.1. Install felt underlayments.2. Install flashings/soil boots.3. Install vents and ventilation4. Install shingles from left to right, starting at lowest left-hand corner.

• Types of Shingles • Types of Shingles


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ASPHALT or COMPOSITIONSHINGLES

WOOD ROOFING - SHINGLESOR SHAKES

METAL SHINGLES

CONCRETE SHINGLES SLATE SHINGLES



CLAY SHINGLES

• Roof Vent Caps - Attic Ventilation • Roof Vent Caps - Attic Ventilation

GABLE VENTS

CUPOLA

RIDGEVENT

• Attic ventilation reduces moisture condensation under the sheathing.• Ventilation helps cools the house interior during warm weather.

the home construction process

Documents

balloon framing

sole plate

framing type

framing members

drain water

foundation

cross bridging

sill plate