the human perception & overview
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Slides for HCICourse.comTRANSCRIPT
the humanperception and
cognition
computational analogy
input processing output
perception cognition(thinking and memory)
action(motor system)
a cycle of interaction
perception
cognition
action
the world
perception
‘the’ five senses
sightsoundsmelltouchtaste
complexpain, temperature,pressure, texture
largelysmell!
distant
closer
contact
inside!
‘the’ five senses
sightsoundsmelltouchtaste
not the whole story
outside and within
sight, sound, smell, touch,
taste
exteroception
sensing the outside
interoception
sensing the inside
headaches, hunger,
proprioception
outside and within
sight, sound, smell, touch,
taste
exteroception
sensing the outside
interoception
sensing the inside
headaches, hunger,
proprioception
most used sense in interfaces
(e.g. retina displays!)
around half the brain dedicated to vision
sight,sight,
sight and sound
in short
the eye(s) and vision
on the frontiris & pupil (lens) – adjust light level and focus two of them – 3D vision – but not the only way
at the backfovea – detailed and colour ... but very small,
peripheral vision – b&w, movement, grabs attention
insidetwo pathways – fast, old, unconscious
+ slower, newer, conscious
the ears and sound
inherently temporalno ‘still’ sound => issues for media
two of them & pinna directional ... stereo & full 3D
little physical focus, but ...attention – cocktail part effect
background – context and grab attention
eye & ear ... common
attention – focus limited
periphery – context, broader, but unconscious
grabbing attention
constructionfilling gapsmeaning
cognition
memory and thinking
memory
in short
types of memory
seconds
timescale
short-term memory (STM)
long-term memory (LTM)
mezzanine memory
sensory memory
minutes
hours/days
lifetime
comparison
short term long term mezzanine
capacity 7+/-2 chunks big! ?
decay ~30s lifetime ? mins–hoursneeds rehearsal
laying down implicit repetition implicit
neural electrical physical chemical?mechanismneuron firingsynapse growth LTP
types of LTM
episodicserial memory of events
may be hard to recall out of order
=> story and narrative
semantic / declarativefacts, concepts, skills
links and associations
=> recognition vs recall
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tyger_BM_a_1794.jpg
semantic not photographic
all memories are constructed
confabulation, false memories
perception
encode
memories
reconstruct
mezzanine memory
what have I been doing recently?short-term episodic memory
what am I doing now?context – activates LTM
cockpits and control roomssituation awareness
readinglong-term working memory
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Swiss_Saab_2000_Cockpit.jpg
implicit / tacit as well as explicit
automatic reactionsmotor memoriesexpert knowledge
http://www.flickr.com/photos/protographer23/358987856/
implicit explicitactivation & context
introspection
& externalisation
proceduralisation
thinking
logical?
Aristotle & formal logic
Wason card testpossible rule: vowel one side ⇒ even on otheris it right?
all men are mortalSocrates is a man=> Socrates is mortal
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reasoning – the real world
confirmationnot falsification
abductionnot deduction
satisficingnot optimality
special purpose intelligence
Wasonrule: vowel one side ⇒ even on other
socialrule: take newspaper ⇒ pay for it
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social rule: take newspaper ⇒ pay for it
below the surface
priming, insight
linear – single ‘stream of consciousness’interruptions = disruptionsmultitasking – really rapid switching
conscious
unconscious non-linear, fuzzy, intuitive, associativeshare with animals
into actionand
into the world
we live to act
perception
cognition
action
the world
low level
automatic reactionsinnate and learnt
e.g. heat reflex
hand–eye coordinationFitts’ Law:
time ~ log (distance/size)d
s
perception and action
attention
periphery
grabbing attention
single stream of consciousnesssingle stream of activity
often physical movement
feeds unconsciousnessassociations
higher level
longer–term conscious planning and activity
moment-to-momentNorman’s execution evaluation cycle
user establishes the goalformulates intentionspecifies actions at interfaceexecutes actionperceives system stateinterprets system stateevaluates system state with respect to goal
system
evaluationexecution
goal
Human error - slips and mistakes
slip understand system and goal correct formulation of action incorrect action
mistake may not even have right goal!
Fixing things?slip – better interface designmistake – better understanding of system
all in the mind?
reminders, lists,notes, workings
we think using the worlddistributed cognitionsituated actionextended mind