THE IMPACT OF MUD VULCANO

AT PORONG DISTRICTSIDOARJO REGENCY

EAST JAVAINDONESIA

Prof.Dr.H.J.MUKONO, dr.,MS.,MPH.FACULTY OF PUBLIC HEALTH

AIRLANGGA UNIVERSITYSURABAYA - INDONESIA

• MORE THAN 2 YEARS MUD VULCANO EMITED DO NOT STOP

• THE MUD VULCANO WICH IN 400 Ha WOULD BE ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH DISOSDER• THE MUD VULCANOS IMPACT S, SUCH AS:

1. SOCIAL-ECONOMICAL IMPACT 2. HEALTH IMPACT (ACUTE & CHRONIC)

3. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

• HEALTH IMPACT CAUSED BY MANY FACTORS:1. PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL FACORS

2. AIR AND WATER POLLUTANT

• SOLID VULCANO, CAN BE USED FOR: 1.PAVING STONE

2.ROOF 3.MIXED HOT ASPALT

4.BATAKO 5.CERAMIC MATERIAL

Jatirejo Barat

Ketapang

Glagaharum

Mindi

Siring Barat

Plumbon

Gedang

Pamotan

Kedungbendo

Gempolsari

IMPACT AREA MAPNATIONAL PSLS TEAM22 MARCH 2007

Hot mud swells out from the Indonesian gas well.

ACTIVITIES EXPLORATION OF WELLS

OIL / GASHOT MUT FLOW

HOT MUD/WATER GAS*TEMPERATURE 38 – 56 O C *GAS

EMETED FROM EARTH *LOST OF FERTILIZED LAND FROM FOSIL MANY YEARS

AGO LOST OF MICRO FLORA/FAUNA , CAUSED BY (HC,

H2S,NH3,NO2,SO4 GAS) MERCAPTAN*CONTAIN GAS H2S (ANAEROBIC)*H2S + O2 H2SO4 pH DECREASED*WATER QUALITY : PHENOL (3,37-4,25 mg/L) BOD 3.840 mg/L ( SANDART 150 mg/L) COD 8.000 – 24.000 mg/L ( STANDART 300 mg/L)

MICROORGANISM WILL BE DEATH.

GAS EMITIONGAS EMITION CONCENTRATION

ESPECIALLY AT 3 LOCATION :

1. Desa Siring Barat (RT1,2,3,12) 2. Desa Jatirejo Barat (RT1, 2) 3. Desa Mindi (RT10, 13, 15)

HC (21000 – 441200) ppm IS HIGHER THAN STANDARD (5000 ppm), DECREASED AIR QUALITY

According to : DECRE OF STATE MINISTER ENVIRONMENT

No: 129 / 2003

AIR QUALITY PARAMETERS WERE DETECTED:SO2 CO2 O3

NO2 NH3 H2S PHENOLDEBU

WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS WERE DETECTED:BOD COD DO Ph PHENOL F

PO4 Cl Cu Fe MnZn Cd Pb Co SO4

AIR QUALITY PARAMETER DETECTED

HIGHER THAN STANDARD

GAS NH3 : 3,198 ug/Nm3STANDARD : 2 ug/Nm3

PARAMETER SOLID MUD VULCANO DETECTED

HIGHER THAN STANDARD , THAT ARE :

Cu MIN : 10,992 and MAX: 20,688 (STD = 10 mg/L) Cr MIN : 5,158 and MAX: 10,264 (STD = 5 mg/L)Pb MIN : 6,204 and MAX: 13,276 (STD = 5 mg/L)

WARNING AT THE MUD VULCANO AREA

IMPACT TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT •LAND DICENDENT•LAND DISORDERS

•INFRA STRUCTUR DISORDER•LAND QUALITY DISORDER

•BUILDING DISORDER•PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTUR

DISORDER

A worker cleans his belongings near a storage area flooded by hot mud leaked from an oil and gas exploration well operated by Indonesian company Lapindo Brantas in Sidoarjo

LAND SUBSIDENCE

1. Desa Siring Barat (RT1,2,3,12): LAND SUBSIDENCE 60-100 cm.

2. Desa Jatirejo Barat (RT1,2): LAND SUBSIDENCE 30-60cm.

3. Desa Mindi (RT10,13,15): LAND SUBSIDENCE : 30-40cm.

4. PART OF Desa Mindi dan OTHER 6 Desa LAND SUBSIDENCE 10 cm.

LAND SUBSIDENCE ARROUNTLAND SUBSIDENCE ARROUNT 30-100CM WILL BE GIVEN NEGATIVE30-100CM WILL BE GIVEN NEGATIVE

IMPACT TO THE BUILDINGIMPACT TO THE BUILDING

IMPACT TO THE ENVIRONMENT

CHEMICALWATER QUALITY

DISORDER

AIR QUALITY DISORDER

WATER QUALITY PARAMETER DETECTED MORE THAN NORMAL

THAT IS :PHENOL MIN : 0,01 MAX : 26,50 ( BM = 0,001

mg/L)Zn MIN : 0,01 MAX : 1,89 ( BM = 0,05

mg/L )Cu MIN : 0,07 MAX : 0,12 ( BM = 0,02

mg/L )Cr MIN : 0,09 MAX : 0,18 ( BM = 0,05

mg/L )

MUD VOLANO AND SMOKE Photo: Doc. suarasurabaya.net

Men carry equipment through the mud

IMPACT TO THE ENVIRONMENT

BIOLOGY•FLORA DISORDER•FAUNA DISORDER

•SOIL MICROORGANISM

DISORDER

FLORA DISORDERPhoto by SIGIT PAMUNGKAS

CONDITION OF IMPACTED AREA

SYMPTOM OF COMMUNITY LOCATED IN THE IMPACTED AREA , SUCH AS CAUSED BY AIR POLLUTION (GAS) , WATER POLLUTION AND HEALTH DISORDER.

IMPACTED AREA IS DANGEROUS (DESCENDENT 30CM – 60 CM) AND NOT COMPORTABLE FOR LIVE.

WALLS BUILDING BROKEN

IMPACT TO THE ENVIRONMENT

HEALT PHYSICAL IMPACT

ACUTECHRONIC

PSYCHOSOMATISEMOTION

FRUSTRATION

THE KINDS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT

BECAUSE OF AIR POLLUTION RELATED TO ODOR

BECAUSE OF WATER POLLUTION RELATED TO THE WATER FUNCTION.

BECAUSE OF MUD VULCANO AND BUBLE RELATED TO FLOOD

AIR POLLUTION IMPACT : CH4

NATURAL GAS 1.METHANE (CH4) 70-90%2.ETHANE (C2H6) 0-20%

REAKSI : CH4 + 2 O2 - CO2 + 2 H2OCH4 HIGH CONCENTRATION REACTION TO BE CONTINUE O2 GAS DICREASED DYSPNE ASPHYXIA

Reaction EXOTHERMIS Result High Temperature / EXPLOTION

CONSENTRATION 5-15%METHANE (CH4) IN AIRHIGH RISK TO EXPLOTION

CH4 as HIDROCARBON ( 1 C dan 4 H )

1. ACUTE EFFECT:1.DYSPNE 2 RESPIRATORY TRACT IRITATION FROM NOSE TO BRONCHUS3.COUGH4.CH4 GAS SUPRESED CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM CAUSED

HEADACHEUNCONCIOUS DISORIENTATION DEATH

5.SKIN IRITATION SKIN IMFLAMATION/ SKIN REDNEES , ICHING AND NEURITIS/ PARASTHESIA , IF LOW TEMPERATURE FROSBITE6.GASTRITIS because of PSYCOGENIC EFFECTS .

2. CHRONIC EFFECT: ESPECIALLY AROMATIC HYDROCARBON HEMATOPOITIC DISORDER LEUKEMIA ( HEMATOPOITIC CANCER ).

TREND OF DISEASES AT PORONG HEALTH CENTERSUROUNDING MUD VULCANO AREA

(2005 - 2007) ®URTI®NEURITIS®GASTRITIS®SKIN INFECTION

SOURCE : Government Lapindo Team

PERBANDINGAN KASUS ISPA DI PUSKESMAS PORONG DAN PUSKESMAS TULANGAN (TAHUN 2005 - TAHUN 2007)

01000020000300004000050000

2005 2006 2007

TAHUN

JUMLA

H

KASUS ISPA DI PUSK.PORONG

KASUS ISPA DI PUSK.TULANGAN

URTI (Upper Respiratory Tract Infection) CASE COMPARATION AT

PORONG AND TULANGANSUROUNDING MUD VULCANO PORONG

2005 - 2007

URTI AT PORONGURTI AT TULAN GAN

YEAR

NUMBER

Hot mud spews from a gas drilling site operated by Indonesian oil and gas exploration company Lapindo Brantas in Sidoarjo, East Java. The

mud has spread over more than 127 hectares, threatening human health and ecological disaster, environmentalists say.

A military officer helps a little boy when his home is flooded by hot mud blowing out from the location of gas exploration by PT Lapindo Brantas Inc in Porong,

East Java. (ANTARA Photo/Hadiyanto/as)

IMPACT TO THE ENVIRONMENT

SOCIALHUMAN RELATIONSHIPCONFLICT BETWEEN

COMMUNITYTRAOMA TIC SOCIAL

BROKEN DOWN OF SIRING DIKE, CITIZEN WILL EVACUATED AND TELEPHONE CABLE BROKEN .

PHoto: Doc. suarasurabaya.net

IMPACT TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL

ECONOMY DICREASES INCOME OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT

LOWERING INCOME OF COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT

INVESTOR SUFFER LOSSES PRODUCTION LOST OF WORKER

FAMER SUFFER LOSSESLAND / HOUSES BURIED BY MUD

MERCHANT AROUND HIGHWAY SUFFER LOSSES

NATIONALLY SUFFER LOSSES BECAUSE OF HIGHWAY BROKEN AND EXPORT ACTIVITIES

STOP

DISFUNCTION OF HIGHWAY

IMPACT TO THE ENVIRONMENTALCULTURAL

DECREASING CULTURE OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR

LEARNING PROSESS DISTURBED

THE CULTURE OF FINDING INFORMATION VIA MEDIA

DECREASED

Indonesian villagers carry their belongings after hot mud from an oil and gas exploration operated by local company Lapindo Brantas flooded their area in

Sidoarjo of East Java June 29, 2006. The continued flow of hot mud from a gas drilling has spread over more than 127 hectares of lands, could pose a severe threat to human health and create an ecological disaster, activists and experts

have warned. REUTERS/Sigit Pamungkas (INDONESIA) 4:40 p.m. ET, 7/12/06

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

* IMPROVEMENT OF ALTERNATIVE ROAD.* IMPROVEMENT OF EVACUATION AREA, INCLUDED : BUILD PIT PRIVY, SAFE WATER SUPPLYING , IMPROVEMENT OF SANITATION QUALITY ( SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND SEWAGE DRAIN * EVACUATION OF FACTORY EQUEPMENT

STOPING EFFORT OF MUD VULCANO

SOCIAL-ECONOMY- CULTURE PREPARING TO PERFORM A RELIGIOUS SERVICEPREPARING FOR INTER PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP TO BE CONDUSIVEPREVENTION SOCIAL CONFLICT.COMPENSATION TO COMMUNITY FOR LAND, HOUSE AND OTHER COMMUNITY BELONGING WHICH FLOODING BY HOT MUD. COMPENSATION TO INDUSTY WHICH FLOODING BY HOT MUD. HELPING TO EVACUEE ESPECIALLY WHO HAVE HOUSE AND OTHER BELONGING WHICH FLOODING BY HOT MUD.HELPING TO STUDENT ESPECIALLY TRANSPORTATIONCOMFORT THE STUDENTS AND COMMUNITY.

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION *TO BUILD SANITATION FACILITIES TO PREVENT “ WATER AND FOOD BORNE DISEASES” (TYPHOID,DYSENTRIE,GASTROINTERITI ANDOR HEPATITIS A)* PREPARING SAFE WATER AT EVACUATION AREA• CONTROL AND WIPED OUT OF VECTOR AT EVACUATION AREA• DOMESTIC SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT • IMUNISATION FOR THE CHIDREN AND YOUNG CHILDREN ( UNDER FIVE)*GIVE FOOD MATERIALS FOR COMMUNITY.*SPECIAL MANAGEMENT FOR THE HIGH RISK POPULATION, SUCH AS :UNDER FIVE CHILDREN .CHILDREN AND ADULT WHO HAVE CHRONICAL DISEASE, SUCH AS(BRONCHITIS, ASMA, TBC, DIABET AND HYPER TENTION)HIGH OF AGE POPULATION ( LANSIA )

MENTAL HEALTH REHABILITATIONCHILDRENVOLUNTEER NEEDED FOR INTERTAIN CHILDREN AND UNDER FIVE YEARS OLD TO MAKE STUDENT SELF BELIEF AND PREVENT DEPRESION .PREPARING FOR TEMPERARY SCHOOL OR RELOCATION OF CLASS ROOM INTERTAINMENT FOR CHILDREN ( BADUT )

ADULTINCREASED SOCIAL ACTIVITIES , WORK TOGETHER , AND SELF BELIEF TO DEVELOP SPIRITUAL ACTIVITIES (PENGAJIAN)

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT-REHABILITATION OF ALTERNATIF ROAD-REHABILITATION OF INFRASTRUCTURE (ELECTRIC AND WATER SUPLY )-CRASS-PROGRAM INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPED :

•VILAGE ROAD •PUBLIC WELL

•TRADISIONAL MARKET•VILAGE OFFICE

•SCHOOL BUILDING•PRAYER - HOUSE

•PUBLIC RESTROOM

JANGKA MENENGAH

SOCIAL-ECONOMY-CULTUREINCREASING COMMUNITY SOCIAL CONTAC (REGULAR SOCIAL GATHERING , COLLECTIVE PRAYING, REVIVE TRADITIONAL MARKET INCREASING TRANSACTION AT THE TRADISIONAL MARKET.

REVIVE LOCAL CULTURE

RENOVATION / INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT :COMMUNITY HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE RELATED TO COMMUNITY.HEALTH FACILITIESPUBLIC FACILITIESEDUCATION FACILITIES HOUSE OF WORSHIP . MAKE ORGANIZATION THE SIMPLE EMERGENCY RESPONSE.

SBY Presiden RI At the evacuation area “ Pasar Baru Porong “, Friday (11/08). Foto: EDDY suarasurabaya.net