An-Najah National UniversityCivil Engineering Department

 Hydraulic Analysis of the water distribution Network of Jenin City with emphasis on Jenin Camp using EPANET

 Prepared by:

Faisal Nasrallah Oday Daoud

Supervisor: Dr. Mohammad N. Almasri

2010 – 2011

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The importance of water distribution networks

• Water distribution networks (WDNs) are used to transmit and distribute water from its sources to the houses and all consumption locations.

• WDNs decreases the efforts, time and make life easier than in the past time.

• The efficiency of WDNs are very important, and to check on this, a hydraulic analysis is carried out.

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Purposes of project

• In this project, there are two main objectives:

1.To study the water resources for Jenin City.

2.To make a hydraulic analysis of Jenin WDN with emphasis on Jenin camp using EPANET under the following two different scenarios: a. Existing steady – state conditions. b. Future steady – state conditions.

3

Methodology

Data Collection Collects map & missing data.

Prepare map by AtuoCAD

Solve the problems to provide suitable data.

Model Development Use EPANET & GIS programs.

Evaluation of Results

Velocity & Pressure in steady & future state.

Conclusions and Recommendations

Improve WDN for Jenin Camp.

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Description of study area

• Jenin is a Palestinian city located in the north of the West Bank.• The population of Jenin City is49,371 persons in 2007.

• The highest elevation in JeninCity is 280 m while the lowest elevation is 108 m.

• Jenin Camp is located in the south – west of Jenin City.

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Problem in WDN

• These figures indicate some problems in water distribution network maps for Jenin City.

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Input Data

Convert WDN from AutoCAD to EPANET.

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Input Data

The length for all pipes converted From AtouCAD to EPANETautomatically.

Hazen Williams Coefficient dependOn the age & type of pipe.

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Input Data

Elevation for nodes using GIS1. Convert maps to GIS

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Input Data

2. Spatial join in GIS

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Input Data

3. Results for spatial join

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Input Data

Diameter for pipesAll diameters in the WDN for allJenin City ( around 7000 pipe )was inserted manually.

Demand for nodes = (Consumption / Population)

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Existing steady – state analysis

• Demand Demand =Consumption / Population = 70 L/c – dayBut this value must be multiplied by two factors 1.Losses factor2.Supply factor

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Existing steady – state analysis

Results

• Pressure There is no negative pressure in WDN for Jenin Camp

The highest value of pressure is 216 m.

The lowest value of pressure is 36 m.

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Existing steady – state analysis

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Existing steady – state analysis

• Velocity

Values of velocity in Jenin Camp range from 0.01m/s to 4.0 m/sec.

The high values of velocity results from small pipe diameters, but the low values of velocity results from large pipe diameters.

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Existing steady – state analysis

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Future steady – state analysis

• Demand

In this case the future analysis for the existing network after 25 year from now

To estimate the future water demand for each node, theexisting water demand will be multiplied by a factor

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Future steady – state analysis

Factor = 2.58

The population after 25 years = 83,640

According to WHO the future consumption per capita ( 100 – 150 ) L / c – day

Assume future consumption = 100 L / c – day

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Future steady – state analysis

Before modification ( Pressure )When we changed the demand for the future demand we had negative pressure and high velocity

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Future steady – state analysis

Before modification ( Velocity )

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Future steady – state analysis

After modifications We changed selected pipes diameters to make pressure above 20m and the velocity within the range (0.3-2 m/s).

The range of the pressure values is between 85 mTo 210 m

The range of velocity is between 0.3 m/s to 2 m/s

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Future steady – state analysis

After modifications ( Pressure)

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Future steady – state analysis

After modifications ( Velocity )

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Conclusions

• The head loss is very high

• Different values of velocity. The range of velocity in existing network between (0.01 – 4m/s)

•High pressure due to variation in topography in Jenin Camp. Since the elevations range from 143 to 265 m

•The water losses in Jenin WDN are very high where part of that is attributed to leakage.

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Recommendations

• To reduce water pressure, the pressure reduce valve (PRV) must be added in the area that contains high pressure

• Reduce the water losses

•All pipes in Table 7.1 in our project must be changed in future design to satisfy the specifications for velocity and also the pressure

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RecommendationsSome of pipes that the diameter must be changed

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Pipe ID Old diameter mm

Rec. diameter mm

193 76.2 101.6

207 152.4 254

336 76.2 152.4

579 152.4 254

730 50.8 101.6

842 50.8 76.2

7062 76.2 152.4

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