The Industrial The Industrial RevolutionRevolution

I. WHEN???I. WHEN???1750-18701750-1870

-1-1STST complex machines complex machines

-1-1stst factories factories-1-1stst use of steam power use of steam power-replace man-power w/ machine-power-replace man-power w/ machine-power

1870-today1870-today-new power sources (electricity, oil)-new power sources (electricity, oil)

-synthetic products (plastic, nylon)-synthetic products (plastic, nylon)-space age, computers, robots-space age, computers, robots

II. WHERE???II. WHERE???

• England• Textile industry

(weaving fabrics / cloth making)

TextilesTextiles

The Industrial revolution The Industrial revolution started in the textile started in the textile industryindustry

Textile = Cloth & Cloth Textile = Cloth & Cloth makingmaking

Industry = A category of Industry = A category of business activity (car business activity (car industry, food industry)industry, food industry)

Cloth was made from Cloth was made from cotton……cotton……

Raw Cotton

Textiles Continued….Textiles Continued….

Cloth could also be made from wool.Cloth could also be made from wool.

Carding CottonCarding Cotton

Carding Cotton or Carding Cotton or WoolWool

Separating, and Separating, and cleaning the cleaning the cotton/woolcotton/wool

It was done by It was done by handhand Later it was done by Later it was done by

machinesmachines

Two steps in making clothTwo steps in making cloth

1) Spinning1) Spinning

(textile art in which plant, animal, or synthetic (textile art in which plant, animal, or synthetic fibers are twisted together to form thread/yarn)fibers are twisted together to form thread/yarn)

2) Weaving2) Weaving

(textile art in which two sets of thread called the (textile art in which two sets of thread called the warp & weft are interlaced with each other to warp & weft are interlaced with each other to form a fabric/cloth)form a fabric/cloth)

Flying Shuttle (1733)Flying Shuttle (1733)

Simply attached a small piece of wood Simply attached a small piece of wood (shuttle) to the weft thread(shuttle) to the weft thread

Allowed a weaver to work twice as fastAllowed a weaver to work twice as fast

With workers being able to weave faster, With workers being able to weave faster, what needed to be done???what needed to be done???

Spinning Jenny (1764)Spinning Jenny (1764) James HargravesJames Hargraves Named after his wife Named after his wife Machine was hand Machine was hand

operatedoperated Could spin 8 spools of Could spin 8 spools of

threadthread Spinning wheels could Spinning wheels could

only spin 1 spoolonly spin 1 spool Later the spinning jenny Later the spinning jenny

will be able to spin 120 will be able to spin 120 spools!spools!

Water Frame (1769)Water Frame (1769)

Richard AkwrightRichard Akwright It was a spinning It was a spinning

frame powered by frame powered by water instead of by water instead of by hand.hand.

It could only spin one It could only spin one thread at a time.thread at a time.

Spinning Mule (1779)Spinning Mule (1779)

Samuel CromptonSamuel Crompton Combination of the Combination of the

Spinning Jenny and the Spinning Jenny and the Water FrameWater Frame

Now thread making was Now thread making was powered by water and powered by water and hundreds of spools of hundreds of spools of thread were able to be thread were able to be made at one time!made at one time!

What now must be What now must be increased???increased???

Power Loom (1785)Power Loom (1785)

Water powered weaving machineWater powered weaving machine Increased weaving productionIncreased weaving production

What was the problem with the What was the problem with the size of these new machines???size of these new machines???

They couldn’t fit in the home anymoreThey couldn’t fit in the home anymoreThus they needed to be placed in factories Thus they needed to be placed in factories

and often near waterand often near water

Cotton GinCotton Gin

Eli Whitney- 1793Eli Whitney- 1793

(American)(American) Cleaned the seeds and other Cleaned the seeds and other

debris from the cottondebris from the cotton The cotton industry became The cotton industry became

big in the southern U.S.big in the southern U.S. The growing of cotton, along The growing of cotton, along

with tobacco, led to the with tobacco, led to the increased use of slaves in increased use of slaves in AmericaAmerica

III. WHY ENGLAND???III. WHY ENGLAND??? 7 M’s7 M’s

-Materials-Materials

-Manpower-Manpower

-Money-Money

-Managers-Managers

-Minds-Minds

-Modes of Transportation-Modes of Transportation

-Markets-Markets

IV. Positives of the I.R.IV. Positives of the I.R. More productsMore products Cheaper productsCheaper products Interchangeable partsInterchangeable parts New jobsNew jobs Labor unions formedLabor unions formed Better education Better education Banks foundedBanks founded Increased life spanIncreased life span Improved Improved

1) agriculture = MORE FOOD!!!1) agriculture = MORE FOOD!!!

(seed drill, crop rotation, enclosure, better breeding)(seed drill, crop rotation, enclosure, better breeding)

2) communications (radio, telephone, tv, computer,….)2) communications (radio, telephone, tv, computer,….)

3) transportation (cars, trains, planes,….)3) transportation (cars, trains, planes,….)

V. Negatives of the I.R. Pollution Poor sanitation (overcrowded cities=slums) Increased crime Destructive wars Poor factory conditions

Dangerous Low pay Long hours Child labor

• Said capitalism is doomed• Working class people will revolt and take

control• Predicted a classless society where everyone

will be equal (pure communism)• Wrote his ideas in The Communist Manifesto

& Das Kapital (father of communism)

• Capitalism-private ownership of business-free enterprise – competition-“laissez faire” = govt. keep hands off-Social Darwinism – survival of the fittest

• Socialism (pure communism)-major businesses are owned, managed, and controlled by the workers

• Communism-government controls all industry and

owns almost all property

Why didn’t this happen???

• Workers went on strike to get better working conditions

• Labor unions formed protecting the workers• Governments passed laws to protect workers

VI. FACTS!!!

Most people now work outside their home & in the city

People now live by the ticking of the clock (time schedule)

-life becomes much faster paced

Domestic vs Factory System

Sooo…England and eventually most of the world went from the Domestic to the Factory system way of life

Domestic system= system where products were made by hand in the home

Factory system= system of making products by machines in factories