The Industrial The Industrial RevolutionRevolution

The Impact of The Impact of Industrialization on SocietyIndustrialization on Society

Changing Ways of LifeChanging Ways of Life

Growth of Industrial CitiesGrowth of Industrial CitiesIndustrialization led to Industrialization led to

economic growth and economic growth and urbanizationurbanization

► 1800-1850: Number of 1800-1850: Number of European cities with European cities with population over 100,000 population over 100,000 went from 22-47went from 22-47

► Industrial cities such as Industrial cities such as London, grew rapidly and London, grew rapidly and withoutwithout any any planningplanning

Living ConditionsLiving Conditions

Urban ProblemsUrban Problems► Lack of sanitation, police, or fire deptsLack of sanitation, police, or fire depts► Lack of housing, education, and social Lack of housing, education, and social

servicesservices► Epidemic diseases, such as cholera and Epidemic diseases, such as cholera and

diphtheria, periodically swept through urban diphtheria, periodically swept through urban slums slums (avg. lifespan of urban worker – 17yrs)(avg. lifespan of urban worker – 17yrs)

Working ConditionsWorking Conditions

Harsh, Dangerous, and Harsh, Dangerous, and LongLong

► 14 hr workday; 6 days a 14 hr workday; 6 days a weekweek

► Dimly lit, unventilated, Dimly lit, unventilated, no cooling/heating no cooling/heating systemssystems

► Low wagesLow wages► Machines not inspected Machines not inspected

for safety so many were for safety so many were injured due to injured due to dangerous conditionsdangerous conditions

► No government aid for No government aid for disabled workersdisabled workers

► Children from age 10 on Children from age 10 on expected to work expected to work

Class TensionsClass Tensions

As divisions between rich and poor grew, class As divisions between rich and poor grew, class tensions increasedtensions increased

► At top: landed aristocrats (“Old Money”), new At top: landed aristocrats (“Old Money”), new industrial owners and shippersindustrial owners and shippers

► Next: growing middle class of skilled workers, Next: growing middle class of skilled workers, professionals, and businessmenprofessionals, and businessmen

► Lower middle class of factory foremen, Lower middle class of factory foremen, draftsmen, printers, other skilled workersdraftsmen, printers, other skilled workers

► At bottom: unskilled, unlanded, uneducated At bottom: unskilled, unlanded, uneducated worker who was losing his /her jobs to worker who was losing his /her jobs to machinesmachines The Luddite Movement The Luddite Movement of early 1800sof early 1800s

Positive Effects of the Industrial Positive Effects of the Industrial RevolutionRevolution

► Creation of jobs for workersCreation of jobs for workers► Contributed to the wealth of the nationContributed to the wealth of the nation► Encouraged technological advancements Encouraged technological advancements

and inventionsand inventions► Increased the production of affordable Increased the production of affordable

goods (thus raising standard of living)goods (thus raising standard of living)► Other Other side effectsside effects::

1.1. Healthier dietsHealthier diets

2.2. Mass-produced clothingMass-produced clothing

3.3. Wider educational opportunitiesWider educational opportunities

Negative EffectsNegative Effects►Concentration of wealth/power in few Concentration of wealth/power in few

handshands►Urban sprawl (slums, crime, disease, etc)Urban sprawl (slums, crime, disease, etc)►PollutionPollution►Waste of natural resourcesWaste of natural resources►Class conflict & violenceClass conflict & violence►Break up of the family unitBreak up of the family unit►Worker dissatisfaction & alienationWorker dissatisfaction & alienation►Exploitation of minorities (women, Exploitation of minorities (women,

children, immigrants)children, immigrants)