The introduction to SPSS

Ⅱ.Tables and Graphs for one variable---Descriptive Statistics & Graphs

Frequencies A good place to start looking at your data.

Frequencies

Select one or more categorical or quantitative variables.

FrequenciesClick Statistics for descriptive statistics for quantitative variables.

FrequenciesClick Charts for Bar charts, Pie charts, and Histograms. Also, you can create all the following charts in Graph.

Quantitative variables

Categorical variables

FrequenciesThe display style.

Descriptives

DescriptivesDescriptives command provides the sample size, mean, std. deviation, minimum, maximum. If you were interested in another summary statistic, you could click on the Options button, and find several other available statistics.

Graphs

Graphs---Simple Bar chart

Creates a chart summarizing categories of a single variable. Bar height represent a function of either the category variable itself, or another summary variable. Creates a chart summarizing two or more variables. There is one bar for each variable. Creates a chart summarizing a single variable by individual cases.

One categorical variable

Two categorical variables

Graphs---Simple Bar chart

Numeric or String

variable

How the data are represented on the scale axis.

Categorical variable

Graphs---Simple Bar chart

Graphs---Simple Bar chart

Categorical variable

Graphs---Simple Bar chart

Bar represent

-other statistic

Graphs---Simple Bar chart

Graphs---Simple Bar chart

A paneled chart is a grid of subcharts. The subcharts are of the same chart type and share axes, but for a different group of one or more categorical variables.

Graphs---Cluster Bar chart

Categorical variables

Select a cluster variable used to group bars.

Graphs---Cluster Bar chart

Col l ege Some col l egeHi gh schoolLess than hi gh school

hi ghest degree

250

200

150

100

50

0

Coun

t

Once a week or more

2 or 3 t i mes a month

Once a month

Less than once a month

Not i n past year

f requency of l i brary use

Graphs--- Simple & Cluster Bar chart

Col l ege Some col l egeHi gh schoolLess than hi gh school

hi ghest degree

250

200

150

100

50

0

Coun

t

Once a week or more

2 or 3 t i mes a month

Once a month

Less than once a month

Not i n past year

f requency of l i brary use

Graphs---Stack Bar chart

Graphs---Stack Bar chart

Col l ege Some col l egeHi gh schoolLess than hi gh school

hi ghest degree

500

400

300

200

100

0

Coun

t

Once a week or more

2 or 3 t i mes a month

Once a month

Less than once a month

Not i n past year

f requency of l i brary use

Each stack consists of a bar divided into segments stacked on top of one another.

Graphs---Simple & Cluster Bar chart

Col l ege Some col l egeHi gh schoolLess than hi gh school

hi ghest degree

500

400

300

200

100

0

Coun

t

Once a week or more

2 or 3 t i mes a month

Once a month

Less than once a month

Not i n past year

f requency of l i brary use

Graphs---Interactive---Bar chart

Using the different colors or styles to distinguish each category.

Not in past yearLess than once a monthOnce a month2 or 3 times a monthOnce a week or more

frequency of library use

Bars show counts

Less than high schoolHigh school

Some collegeCollege

highest degree

100

200

300

400

500

Cou

nt

Not in past yearLess than once a monthOnce a month2 or 3 times a monthOnce a week or more

frequency of library use

Bars show counts

Less than high schoolHigh school

Some collegeCollege

highest degree

100

200

300

400

500

Cou

nt

Graphs---Interactive---Bar chart

Graphs---Pie chart

Graphs---Pie chart

Graphs---Interactive---Simple Pie chart

Graphs---Interactive---Simple Pie chart

Graphs---Interactive---Simple Pie chart

Graphs---Interactive---Clustered Pie chart

Graphs---HistogramA histogram groups the values of a variable into evenly spaced groups (intervals or bins) and plots a count of the number of cases in each group. The count can be expressed as a percentage.

Graphs---Interactive---Histogram

Graphs---Interactive---Histogram

Graphs---Interactive---HistogramYou can modify the min and max values shown on a histogram, as well as the interval width. This is particularly useful when outliers cause the majority of values to cluster in a few bars.

20 40 60 80

Age

0

25

50

75

Cou

nt

20 40 60 80

Age

50

100

150

200

250

Cou

nt

Graphs---Interactive---Histogram

Graphs---BoxplotBoxplots show the median, interquartile range, outliers, and extreme cases of individual variables.

Graphs--- Boxplot---groups of cases

label outliers or extreme cases on the plot, otherwise, case number

Graphs--- Boxplot---groups of cases

Graphs---Boxplot---groups of casesNumber of years using the Internet

Graphs---Boxplot---separate variable

Graphs---Boxplot---separate variable

Graphs---Boxplot---separate variable

Graphs---Interactive---Boxplot

Graphs---Interactive---Boxplot

Edit Chart• The Chart Editor provides a powerful, easy-to-use

environment where you can customize your charts and explore your data.

• Double click anywhere on your chart. The Edit Chart Window displayed. There are several buttons displayed across the top and down

the left side of the interactive graph.

Edit Chart

Edit Chart Select a chart element, and then from the menus choose:  Edit   Properties

Collapse small parts.

Edit Interactive Chart