the iss
DESCRIPTION
The ISS. Peter Dornan Imperial College London. Neutrino Oscillation. `atmospheric’. `cross/reactor’. `solar’. Oscillation defined by 3 mixing angles, q 12 , q 13 , q 23 1 phase , d. Where are we?. from: Maltoni, Schwetz, Tortola, Valle (’04). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The ISS
Peter Dornan
Imperial College London
16 March 2006 P Dornan - MUTAC 2006 2
`atmospheric’ `solar’ `cross/reactor’
3,2,1,, itaumuonelectronU iMNS
Oscillation defined by 3 mixing angles,
phase
ijijijij sc sin,cos
Neutrino Oscillation
16 March 2006 P Dornan - MUTAC 2006 3
Where are we?from: Maltoni, Schwetz, Tortola, Valle (’04)
Also know m2 > m1from matter effects in the sun
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Unanswered – Oscillation Expts
Is 23 maximal?
How small is 13? CP Violation in the lepton sector? Mass hierarchy?
m3 < or > m2
Is the MNS approach correct? CPT violation? The ultimate accuracy on the mixing angles and the
mass differences What accuracy is needed?
(LSND? Sterile neutrino(s)? )
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The Precision Era - after T2K and Nova
Around 2012 - 2015 We shall have good measurements of
12, 23, m212, m2
23
Probably have a measurement of 13
Possibly know the mass hierarchy
So can now plan for the ultimate neutrino measurements Refine all parameters Check consistency Measure CP Violation
This is the aim of the ISS
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Neutrino source – options:
Second generation super-beam CERN, FNAL, BNL,
J-PARC II
Beta-beam
Neutrino Factory
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The International Scoping Study
International scoping study of a future Neutrino Factory and super-beam facility
Motivation
Organisation Status
Physics Group Accelerator Group Detector Group
ISS: next steps
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ISS: motivation
Neutrino Factory – prior to launch of ISS Several studies at the turn of the century
US Studies I, II, IIa ECFA/CERN Study NuFact-J Study
established feasibility & R&D programme MUCOOL, MICE, MERIT….
But there have been advances since then Also appreciation of the need for an integrated
accelerator-detector-physics approach and an international approach
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ISS: motivation
Preparation for design study Review physics case
Critical comparison of options Review options for accelerator complex:
Prepare concept-development and hardware-R&D roadmaps for design-study phase
Review options for neutrino-detection systems Emphasis: identify concept-development and hardware-R&D
roadmaps for design-study phase Establish the Cost Drivers & Optimize
Physics/$ - where there are alternatives Absolute scientific value - where only one method
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ISS: organisation
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Meetings
Plenary meetings to date: CERN: 22 – 24 September 2005
Attendance: 92 Americas: 15 Asia: 12 Europe 65
KEK: 23 – 26 January 2006 Attendance: 67 Americas: 11 Asia: 28 Europe 28
RAL 25 – 28 April 2006 Attendance 70
Final Plenary Meeting Irvine, Aug 21 – 22 Just before NuFact06
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Physics Group
Theory subgroup : What is the new physics Need to distinguish between alternative theories Establish the case for high-precision, high-sensitivity neutrino-
oscillation programme Phenomenological subgroup
Review models of neutrino oscillations Identify measurables that distinguish them and assess the
precision required Experimental subgroup:
Use realistic assumptions on the performance of accelerator and detector to: Evaluate performance of the super-beam, beta-beam and Neutrino
Factory alone or in combination Make meaningful comparisons
Muon physics subgroup: Lepton-flavour violating processes – clear synergy with neutrino
oscillations – possibly the next major discovery
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Some Theoretical Ideas
Quark-lepton complementarity
Intriguing Relations Coincidence fundamental
GUTs motivate relationships between the quark and lepton mixing matrices
Measurable relations Need Precision
41212 CKMMNS
42323 CKMMNS
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Quark-lepton complementarity
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A Possible Neutrino Sum Rule
cos26.35 1312
%10313
%10313
20
5.012
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Towards a performance comparison
A Major Goal of the ISS Now many options Must be reduced if there is to be a realistic design for
a ‘precision era’ neutrino facility Requires justifiable assumptions:
Accelerator: flux, energy spectrum Detector: Ethresh, ERes (background, x-sect.
uncertainty…)
and optimised facility (accelerator, baseline, & detectors)
Already a very substantial amount of work
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Cases under Consideration
Off axis super-beam: T2HK taken as example
Plan to explore different options (essentially vary E and L)
Beta beam: Low : = 100 and L = 130 km
High flux (~1018 decays per year) and high flux (1019 dpy) High : = 350 and L = 700 km
High flux (~1018 decays per year) and high flux (1019 dpy) Also Beta beam abd superbeam combination
Neutrino Factory Performance studied as a function of:
E and L Ethresh and ERes
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Sample - CP sensitivity v. sin2213
Work in progress
But highlights the importance of 13 in defining a strategy
Huber, Lindner, Rolinec, Winter
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CPT & the MNS Theory
In the Quark sector the CP violation parameters are determined in many ways
Can we do the same in the neutrino sector?
With 3 flavours and CPT CP violation related in
e ->
->
e ->
Needs tau modes
Murayama
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Physics Report
How important – gold, silver, platinum?
In the ideal scenario should we measure
e→e
→e
Specifically - how important are the tau channels?
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Neutrino Factory: optimisation
Study performance as a function of muon energy and baseline
Detector: 100 kton, magnetised iron Importance of threshold
sensitivity
Can trade muon energy against detector threshold and resolution
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Muon Physics & the Factory
Intense muon beams are needed for muon physics
Could be the place for the next major advance
But - is a Factory suitable for muon experiments?
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ISS status: Accelerator Group
Most work on -Factory Subsystems
& subgroups Proton driver Target and capture Front end
Bunching and phase rotation
Cooling
Acceleration Decay ring
Decay Channel
Linear Cooler
Buncher
1-4 MWProtonSource
Hg-Jet Target
Pre-Accelerator
Acceleration
DecayRing ~
1 km5-10 GeV
10-20GeV
1.5-5 GeV
Decay Channel
Linear Cooler
Buncher
1-4 MWProtonSource
Hg-Jet Target
Pre-Accelerator
Acceleration
DecayRing ~
1 km5-10 GeV
10-20GeV
1.5-5 GeV
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Towards a Baseline -Factory
RF Frequency: Baseline is 201 MHz• Phase Rotation: Baseline is Neuffer bunched beam rotation• Phase Rotation: Baseline RMS bunch length 2 ns• Amount of Cooling: Baseline is 50 m• Target: Baseline is Liquid Mercury• Pion Collection: 20 T Solenoid• Repetition Rate: 50 (Hz)• Proton bunch structure: 4 bunches spaced by 16 μsec• Proton energy: 5-15 (GeV)• Final acceleration: No decision yet• Storage Ring: Choice is site dependent
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ISS status: Detector Group
Detector options and subgroups Large water Cherenkov
ISS activity focuses on consideration of R&D required: Photo tubes Front-end electronics
Liquid argon Emulsion Magnetic sampling calorimeter Near detector
Further instrumentation issues: Flux, muon-polarisation measurement
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Detector Questions
Which can effectively be magnetised?
Iron calorimeter, Emulsion, Hybrid Emulsion-Scintillator, Totally active scintillator
Liquid Argon??
How low can one reduce the threshold?
Can the Detector be on the surface
Which can identify taus?This must tie in with the relevance of gold, silver platinum
Usefulness for non-oscillation physics
Define the necessary R&D Programme
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Neutrino Factory Future Development Following ISS there needs to be a Design Study
for a Neutrino Factory It will need engineering effort And therefore resources Where can these come from?
Funding Agencies, Labs, EU
At the BENE/ISS meeting tomorrow planning for a request to the EU FP7 programme will start
But funding from this source will not come until mid-end 2007 Activity must start before then - it should start this
year And maintain the momentum of the ISS study
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Era ofsensitivity &
precision
Factory Beam
But Factory and beam can be on same timescale as superbeam upgrades
Timescale – the Challenges
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ISS – Summary The ISS was launched at NuFact05 and is now over half
way through its one year programme Conclude at NuFact06 and a report early fall
It has demonstrated a strong desire to have an internationally coordinated effort for future neutrino research (c.f linear collider) New ideas Many clarifications
It has brought together accelerator & detector scientists with their experimental and theoretical physics colleagues in a very productive way
It has built up a momentum which must be used as a springboard for the next phase