iss-2 25 jan. 2006 kek alain blondel iss-detectors

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

ISS-detectors


Water Cerenkov Detectorsreport by Jacques Bouchez

Magnetic Sampling Detectorshttp://dpnc.unige.ch/users/blondel/detectors/magneticdetector/SMD-web.htm

report by Alan Bross

Liquid Argon TPC http://www.hep.yorku.ca/menary/ISS/

reports by Scott Menary, Andreas Badertscher

Emulsion Detectors http://people.na.infn.it/~pmiglioz/ISS-ECC-G/ISSMainPage.html

report by Pasquale Migliozzi

Near Detectors http://ppewww.ph.gla.ac.uk/~psoler/ISS/ISS_Near_Detector.html

reports by Paul Soler and Federico Sanchez

Working group reports

Detector Technology will take place this afternoon


Wednesday 25 January

time speaker

14:00 MPPC T. Nakadaira

14 :30 SiPMs for T2K ND280

Y. Kudenko

15:00 New VLPC R&D A.Bross

15:30 Hybrid PMT H. Nakayama

16:00 Scintillating Fiber Production (Kuraray)

Y. Shiomi

16:30 Open discussion

Technology discussion session (organized by Alan Bross and Kenji Kaneyuki)


The MEMPHYS Project

65m

65m

Fréjus

CERN

130km130km

4800mweExcavation engineering pre-study has been done for 5

shafts

Water Cerenkov modules at FréjusCERN to FréjusNeutrino Super-beam and Beta-beam


A Very Large Laboratory

In the middle of the Fréjus tunnel at a depth of4800 m.w.e a preliminary investigation shows the feasibility to excavate up to five

shafts of about 250,000 m3 each

Henderson

HK


65m

~ 4 x SK

65m

Detector basic unit

Detector:

cylinder (a la SK) 65 m diameter and 65 m height: : → 215 000 tons of water (4 times SK)

taking out 4 m from outside for veto and fiducial cut →146 000 ton fiducial target

3 modules : 440 kilotons (like UNO) BASELINE

4 modules would give 580 kilotons (HK)

→Simulations done using 440 kt

each cavity 70 m diameter and 80 m total height


R&D on electronics (ASICs)

Integrated readout : “digital PM (bits out)”Charge measurement (12bits)Time measurement (1ns)Single photoelectron sensitivity

High counting rate capability (target 100 MHz)

Large area pixellised PM : “PMm2”16 low cost PMsCentralized ASIC for DAQVariable gain to have only one HV

Multichannel readoutGain adjustment to compensatenon uniformitySubsequent versions of OPERA_ROC ASICs

aim at 200 euros/channel


Mechanics & PMT tests

Basic unit that we want to build and test under water

Electronic box water tight

IPNO

Taken in charge by IPNO: well experienced in photodetectors (last operation: Auger). With PHOTONIS tests of PMT 8”, 9” 12” and Hybrid-PMT and HPD


A possible schedule for MEMPHYS at Frejus

Year 2005 2010 2015 2020

Safety tunnel Excavation

Lab cavity ExcavationP.S Study

detector PM R&D PMT production

Det.preparation InstallationOutside lab.

Non-acc.physics P-decay, SN

Superbeam Construction Superbeam

betabeam Beta beamConstruction

decision for cavity digging decision for SPL construction decision for EURISOL site


SUPERBEAM BETABEAM

→ e e →

→ e e →

Superbeam + beta beam together

2 ways of testing CP, T and CPT : redundancy and check of systematics

2 beams

1 detector

2yrs

8yrs

5yrs

5yrs

pure4 flavours + K


MEMPHYS comments (AB)

-- French neutrino community strongly motivated-- R&D already started. -- CERN beams (Beta-beam, Superbeam) possible please consider oscillation physics performance with BOTH betabeam gamma=100 AND WBB Superbeam Ep= 3-4 GeV. (no Kaons) ball-park est. cost of total package

600M€ (detector) + + (from erlier est…) betabeam (~500M€) + superbeam (~400 M€)

main physics question mark: is it possible at all to do the physics with low energy events ?

J. Bouchez promised to investigate the principle of a near detector system to determine cross-sections and efficiencies for the four flavours of neutrinos as function of energy.


considerable noise reduction can be obtained by gas amplification


industrial study of large Tank 70 m diameter, 20 m drift = 100 kton of Larg shown to be feasible conceptually


non- trivial liquid argon consumption!!!!


height is limited by high voltage 1kV/cm 2 MV for 20m…

field degrader in liquid argon tested (Cockroft-Greinacher circuit)


long drift will be tested in 5m vertical drift tube (ETHZ-Napoli)

and drift under high pressurein pressurized cryostat


consequences of long drift: time integration

1. Detector must be underground to limit cosmics (are they all just muons?)

2. photomultipliers sensitive to 128 nm scintillation light can be installed for trigger

3. however Raleigh scattering (<1m scattering length) limits position reconstruction from light timing

4. it is possible to tag timing of neutrino events with precision small wrt 100 ns. and operate with both mu+ and mu- trains injected in storage ring


ll-

l+

ex: race track geometry:constraint:

¦l- - l+¦ > l +

where is the precision

of the experiments time tagplus margin

Muons of both signs circulate in opposite directions in the same ring. The two straight sections point to the same far detector(s). OK

There is one inconvenient with this: the fact that there are two decay lines implies two near detectors.

In addition this does not work for the triangle.

this can be solved by

dog bone ortwo rings with one or more common straights


NB B field is perp. to drift!NBB: what range of electrons does this correcpond to?


Questions:

what is efficiency as a function of energy vs B field?

what magnetic field is necessary to have reasonable efficiency for electrons up to first oscillation maximum and a little more? (this is of course a baseline dependent statement)

phenomenologists: be prepared to add this to the perfect detector! 10 (100?) kton with 30% efficiency for wrong sign electrons up to 5 GeV ? dreams?

High Tc supra conductor magnet?


US Larg effort (Menary) Implementation of Larg detector in Globes underway a few weeks to go!


An ideal detector exploiting a Neutrino Factory should:

Identify and measure the charge of the muon (“golden channel”) with high accuracy

Identify and measure the charge of the electron with high accuracy (“time reversal of the golden channel”)

Identify the decays (“silver channel”)Measure the complete kinematics of an event in

order to increase the signal/back ratioMigliozzi


“MECC” structure

Stainless steel or Lead Film Rohacell

DONUT/OPERA type target + Emulsion spectrometer + TT + Electron/pi discriminator

B

Assumption: accuracy of film by film alignment = 10 micron (conservative)

13 lead plates (~2.5 X0) + 4 spacers (2 cm gap) (NB in the future we plan to study stainless steel as well. May be it will be the baseline solution: lighter target)

The geometry of the MECC is being optimized

3 cm Electronic detectors/ECC


Momentum resolution for muons


Charge misidentification


Estimate of showering electrons


Momentum resolution vs zvertex


q-mis vs zvertex

Given the true-hit based reconstruction, the quoted charge misidentification can be seen as an lower limit. Anyhow it is a good starting point!

the real question will be how many right signs appear as wrong sign!


Outlook

Study the perf ormance of a stainless steel target Detailed study of the way how to magnetize the detector Defi ne a realistic baseline f or the e/ discriminator: its

choice depends on the total target mass, the TT width (i.e. how many evts per brick), the costs, …

Finalize the electron analysis: the e/ separation and the charge reconstruction

Check the sensitivity to the “golden” (the muon threshold is at 3 GeV!)

A full simulation of neutrino events is mandatory in order to evaluate the oscillation sensitivity and provide the input f or GLOBES

We plan to perf orm a fi rst exposure of a MECC on a charged beam at CERN this year

Migliozzi


Basic Detector Concept

7.5 mm

15.0 mm

Considered Extremely Fined Grained

segmented magnetic detector (Bross)


Magnetic Field

? Has not been investigated in any detail yet.? Considering two options:

– Iron sheets in between scintillator layers.? Parameters to study are thickness of each sheet and ratio of

scintillator to iron.? More work needed to understand how to accurately simulate

the field and perform reasonable reconstruction.– Air toroid magnet surrounding detector.

? ATLAS magnet is a starting point in terms of scale.? Simulating 0.15 T field to start. ? Will study physics parameters (P resolution, charge ID, etc)

as a function of magnetic field


Muon

3 GeV/c


Electron


Momentum Resolution


Is this Detector Scenario Credible?? Technology is not really an Issue

– COST IS? Assume a 25kT all scintillator detector with air-core

magnet (B = 1-3 kG)– Of course the study will also include magnetized Fe

? Much larger Fiducial mass– Or could add non-active target in air-core design

? Scintillator (Solid or Liquid) – No R&D issues– Cost (solid) - $100M

? Segmentation as shown here gives X 106 ch– $10/ch is possible - $70M

? Fiber Cost – Assume high QE PD and high yield scint. Use 0.4mm fiber– $0.16/m $16M (Very important optimization – 1 mm fiber is

6X the cost!)? $100M for magnets + infrastructure, etc? Total is something less than $300M

– Not an order of magnitude more than what is acceptable


3. Flux normalisation (cont.)3. Flux normalisation (cont.)

Rates:— E = 50 GeV

— L = 100 m, d = 30 m— Muon decays per year: 1020

— Divergence = 0.1 m/E

— Radius R=50 cm

100 m

Yearly event rates

High granularity in inner region

that subtends to far detector.

E.g. at 25 GeV, number neutrino

interactions per year is:

20 x 106 per 100 g/cm2.

With 50 kg 109 interactions/yr


3. Flux normalisation (cont.)3. Flux normalisation (cont.) Neutrino flux normalisation by measuring: Signal: low angle forward going muon with no recoil Calculable with high precision in SM

Same type of detector needed for elastic scattering on electrons:

ee

)LABin(2)( 2

22

22

EmG

mq

msG

dy

edeF

W

WFCC

ee ee

)()(

ee )()(

)1(22 ymE ee E.g. CHARM II obtained value of sin2W from this

24

22

2

)1(sinsin2

1)(y

sG

dy

edWW

FNC

24

22

2

1sinsin2

1)(y

sG

dy

edWW

Fe


4. Muon polarization4. Muon polarization Fit neutrino spectrum for polarization:

Compare fitted polarization to measured one from polarimeter:


5. Cross sections5. Cross sections

Measurement of cross sections in DIS, QE and RES. Coherent Different nuclear targets: H2, D2

Nuclear effects, nuclear shadowing, reinteractions

With modest size targets can obtain very large statistics

What is lowest energy we can achieve? E.g. with LAr can go down to ~MeV


F . S a n c h e z ( U A B / I F A E ) I S S M e e t i n g , D e t e c t o r P a r a l l e l M e e t i n g . J a n 2 0 0 6

F u n c t i o n o f a n e a r d e t e c t o r

ee

ee

EffBNEffBN

EffBNEffBNA

//)(//)(

//)(//)(

• B a c k g r o u n d s a r e g e n e r a t e d b y e l e c t r o n n e u t r i n o s , n e u t r i n o s ( o r m i s - r e c o n s t r u c t e d m u o n n e u t r i n o s w h e n e v e r t h e e n e r g y r e c o n s t r u c t i o n i s i m p o r t a n t ) . P r e c i s e k n o w l e d g e o f e l e c t r o n a n d 0

p r o d u c t i o n p r o c e s s e s a r e c r u c i a l b o t h f o r N C a n d C C r e a c t i o n s .

• I f fl u x i s m e a s u r e d w i t h a p a r t i c u l a r c h a n n e l : = N / i t i s n o t e n s u r e d t h a t t h e t e r m B c a n c e l s t h e u n c e r t a i n t i e s i n

• T h e e ffi c i e n c i e s c a n b e d i ff e r e n t f o r n e u t r i n o s a n d a n t i -n e u t r i n o s . P r e c i s e k n o w l e d g e o f b a s i c k i n e m a t i c s b e h a v i o r o f t h ei n t e r a c t i o n i s i m p o r t a n t ( W , q 2 , E d e p e n d e n c i e s , p a r t i c l e s p r o p e r t i e s i n t h e h a d r o n i c h a l f o f t h e r e a c t i o n ) .


F.Sanchez (UA B/IFA E) IS S M eeting, Detector Paralle l M eeting. Jan 2006

CC Q uasi-elast ic

• Knowledge of CC-Q E cr oss-sect ion is poor .

• I t is also not cover ing t he t hr eshold. T his could be impor t ant f or low ener gy neut r ino exper iment s.

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain BlondelF .S a n c h e z ( U A B / IF A E ) IS S M e e t in g , D e te c to r P a r a lle l M e e t in g . J a n 2 0 0 6

T h e over al l c r os s s ec t ions f or CC1 (w it h t h e W ? 2 G eV c ut ) :

nln

pln

plp0

CC- 1

I t is not w e l l meas ur e d and i t d e pend s on t h e W c ut (h igh er mas s r es onanc es –up t o 18 - and non- r es onant r egion)

threshold will be different for e and mu, affected by fermi motion, reinteractions and Q2 distribution (neutrino antineutrino)


F.Sanchez (UAB/IFAE) ISS Meeting, Detector Parallel Meeting. Jan 2006

Nuclear eff ects• Fermi motion and Pauli

blocking aff ect the cross-section at low q2

and also introduce and additional smearing in the reconstruction of neutrino energy.


F.Sanchez (UAB/IFAE) ISS Meeting, Detector Parallel Meeting. Jan 2006

Remarks• The near detector is f undamental to achieve design goals of

Neutrino Factory and Beta Beams.• Personal prejudices:

– Similar target Far/ Near.– Exclusive channel measurements. – Possibility of changing neutrino spectrum.– Measure exclusive reactions.– Flux, is it possible to measure it f rom elastic scattering on electrons?.– The problem of energy scale!.– Problem of reaction threshold’s.

• Design is driven by Far detector needs: – WHAT ARE THE EXPECTED BACKGROUNDS? – HOW TO NORMALI ZE FLUX?– HOW TO MEASURE ENERGY?. WHI CH PRECI SI ON?.– …

• Watch at improvements in neutrino interactions f rom theorist (NuI nt conf erence series) and experiments (Minera & f uture T2K).

• Some of these conclusions do not apply if large energy neutrinosare studied (> 4/ 5 GeV).


6. Charm Production6. Charm Production Remember that main background to golden

channel is production of charm: Qt = P sin2 cut eliminates backg at 10-6

...,,,, 00 csDDDD

not detected

De

e

De e

NC

CC

Hadron decay

Can use near detector to measure Pt and Qt distribution of charm, if we can reconstruct explicitly:

With silicon detector can reconstruct more than 106 charm states per year

Cervera et al.


6. Charm (cont.) 6. Charm (cont.) NOMAD-STAR silicon detector was able to reconstruct 45 charm

events in NOMAD. Measured charm rate:

Fully active silicon target (ie. 52 kg with 18 layers of Si 500 m thick,

50 x 50 cm2 =4.5 m2) for full charm event reconstruction. Optimal design: fully pixelated detector (e.g. Monolithic Active Pixels MAPS)


Next steps

0. everyone to produce web site and mailing list

1. develop simulation of detector with justified level of simplification for performance evaluation. (no need to have full simulation to evaluate charm decays in flight!)

2. develop tool to evaluate performance:GLOBES input files in form of eficiency for neutrino type to be detected as event class i

i E, P, QT)

(NB limitation is that all types and classes must have same energy binning)

3. begin to think of R&D developments and experiments to be performed, (preferably on real neutrino physics experiments)

4. cost model mass term + B-field term + 3 sigma charge confusion at 1.5 GeV muon or 6 GeV electron

5. delegate one rep/group to the physics meeting in Boston


7X7 table for each Ev , y , (x?)


near detector

Set-up a generic simulation of a near detectorDefine a series of potential detector geometries to run on near detector-- dedicated purely-leptonic detector for absolute fluy-- quasi-elastic , pi, pi0 detector with variable targets (a la T2K ND280)-- charm detector for NufactCarry out physics studies needed for the ISS report:

1. Study flux normalisation through: 2. Use quasi-elastic and elastic interactions to determine neutrino

spectrum3. Reconstruct muon polarization from spectrum4. Sensitivity for cross-section measurements: low energy?5. Determination of charm: remember this is main background for

golden channel!6. ….suggestions ….

ee


ISS- detector video conferences 14:00 GMT

23 february16 march13 april

Detector group will delegate 1 person per sub-group to physics meeting in Boston

already known to be invited for next meeting at RAL

Juha Peltoniemi: (Oulu Mine)

Jan Sobczyk: (Wroclaw –theorist- low energy interactions)

Introduction: Pasquale Migliozzi

Summary: Paul Soler

THANKS to ALL!

iss-2 25 jan. 2006 kek alain blondel iss-detectors

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