ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

Physics of Future Neutrino Detectors

PoF-NuDetdetectors and beam instrumentation

time scales and cost estimates

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

NB of course time scales an cost estimates and a good estimate of detector R&D needs are the main outputof ISS. Numbers here are mostly indicative and definitely not homogeneous.

more will be known after ISS meeting next week.

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

Water Cerenkov Detectorsreport by Jacques Bouchez

Magnetic Sampling Detectorshttp://dpnc.unige.ch/users/blondel/detectors/magneticdetector/SMD-web.htm

report by Alan Bross

Liquid Argon TPC http://www.hep.yorku.ca/menary/ISS/

reports by Scott Menary, Andreas Badertscher

Emulsion Detectors http://people.na.infn.it/~pmiglioz/ISS-ECC-G/ISSMainPage.html

report by Pasquale Migliozzi

Near Detectors http://ppewww.ph.gla.ac.uk/~psoler/ISS/ISS_Near_Detector.html

reports by Paul Soler and Federico Sanchez

based on Working group reports at ISS

Detector Technology will take place this afternoon

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

The MEMPHYS Project

65m

65m

Fréjus

CERN

130km130km

4800mweExcavation engineering pre-study has been done for 5

shafts

Water Cerenkov modules at FréjusCERN to FréjusNeutrino Super-beam and Beta-beam

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

A Very Large Laboratory

In the middle of the Fréjus tunnel at a depth of4800 m.w.e a preliminary investigation shows the feasibility to excavate up to five

shafts of about 250,000 m3 each

Henderson

HK

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

65m

~ 4 x SK

65m

Detector basic unit

Detector:

cylinder (a la SK) 65 m diameter and 65 m height: : → 215 000 tons of water (4 times SK)

taking out 4 m from outside for veto and fiducial cut →146 000 ton fiducial target

3 modules : 440 kilotons (like UNO) BASELINE

4 modules would give 580 kilotons (HK)

→Simulations done using 440 kt

each cavity 70 m diameter and 80 m total height

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

3 shafts = 543 M€ ~> 600 M€ 10 years

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

Water Cherenkov R&D

crude estimate: 4 M€ over 4 years (not an official number)

Photomultiplier studies in conjunction with industryLarge cavern detector architecture and liner studiesCivil engineering design studies

Three liquids DS for FP7?

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

R&D on electronics (ASICs)

Integrated readout : “digital PM (bits out)”Charge measurement (12bits)Time measurement (1ns)Single photoelectron sensitivity

High counting rate capability (target 100 MHz)

Large area pixellised PM : “PMm2”16 low cost PMsCentralized ASIC for DAQVariable gain to have only one HV

Multichannel readoutGain adjustment to compensatenon uniformitySubsequent versions of OPERA_ROC ASICs

aim at 200 euros/channel

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

Mechanics & PMT tests

Basic unit that we want to build and test under water

Electronic box water tight

IPNO

Taken in charge by IPNO: well experienced in photodetectors (last operation: Auger). With PHOTONIS tests of PMT 8”, 9” 12” and Hybrid-PMT and HPD

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

A possible schedule for MEMPHYS at Frejus

Year 2005 2010 2015 2020

Safety tunnel Excavation

Lab cavity ExcavationP.S Study

detector PM R&D PMT production

Det.preparation InstallationOutside lab.

Non-acc.physics P-decay, SN

Superbeam Construction Superbeam

betabeam Beta beamConstruction

decision for cavity digging decision for SPL construction decision for EURISOL site

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

[00-900 ] [900-1800 ]

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

SUPERBEAM BETABEAM

→ e e →

→ e e →

Superbeam + beta beam together

2 ways of testing CP, T and CPT : redundancy and check of systematics

2 beams

1 detector

2yrs

8yrs

5yrs

5yrs

pure4 flavours + K

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

MEMPHYS comments (AB)

-- French neutrino community strongly motivated-- R&D already started. -- CERN beams (Beta-beam, Superbeam) possible please consider oscillation physics performance with BOTH betabeam gamma=100 AND WBB Superbeam Ep= 3-4 GeV. (no Kaons) ball-park est. cost of total package

600M€ (detector) + + (from erlier est…) betabeam (~500M€) + superbeam (~400 M€)

main physics question mark: is it possible at all to do the physics with low energy events ?

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

A Strawman Concept for a Nufact Iron Tracker Detector

15m diameter polygon4 piece laminateCan be thin if planes

interconnectede.g. down to 1cm

Idea from 1st NOVA Proposal

60kA-turn central coil0.5m x 0.5mAverage field of 1.5TExtrapolation of MINOS

Triangular liquid scintillator cellsStructure based on NOvA using

MINERvA-like shapes4cm x 6cm cells (starting point)3mm thick PVC wallsLooped WLS fibers & APDs

A sample would look like1 cm Fe0.7 cm PVC3.3 cm LS2/3rds Fe; ρ ≈ 2

Based on 175M$ for 90kt

6 cm

4 cm

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

10

Charge with Charge with magnetisedmagnetised NovANovAEach tube: 15.7m long, 3.8cm transverse to the beam, 6cm along the beam.Precision per coordinate 3.8 / (12)1/2 = 1.2 cm.Track length given by muon range, but taken to be maximum of 50m.0.4 Tesla magnetic field

13.0

13.0

13.0

13.0

10.0

5.6

# Stand. dev

<10-70.0024219.250

<10-70.004135.730

<10-70.00692.620

<10-70.01248.210

<10-70.0229.76

~10-60.0610.42

BkgCurvature (1/R)

(m-1)

Range

(m)

Momentum

(GeV/c)

Leslie Leslie CamillieriCamillieriISSISS--CERNCERN

Set 05Set 05

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

near term study:

prototype of long module 0.5 M€prototype of module one-shower-length-deep module 0.5-1M€

engineering of large structure several FTEs + M€civil engineering study 0.2 M€study of very large magnet (CERN)

roughly 1.8M€ R&D over next 4 years. +15 FTE

note high level of synergy with T2K ND280 and NOvA.

long term study

very rough total detector cost estimate would be 200 M€ (detector) + 80 M€ (excav. + infrastructure)

~300 M€

with independent magnet: would depend on result of study.(see first ideas for Liquid argon later. Cheaper for lighter material at equal mass and performance since resolution scales as B.X0

2

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

considerable noise reduction can be obtained by gas amplification

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

industrial study of large Tank 70 m diameter, 20 m drift = 100 kton of Larg shown to be feasible conceptually

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

non- trivial liquid argon consumption!!!!

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

height is limited by high voltage 1kV/cm 2 MV for 20m…

field degrader in liquid argon tested (Cockroft-Greinacher circuit)

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

long drift will be tested in 5m vertical drift tube (ETHZ-Napoli)

and drift under high pressurein pressurized cryostat

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

consequences of long drift: time integration

1. Detector must be underground to limit cosmics (are they all just muons?)

2. photomultipliers sensitive to 128 nm scintillation light can be installed for trigger

3. however Raleigh scattering (<1m scattering length) limits position reconstruction from light timing

4. it is possible to tag timing of neutrino events with precision small wrt 100 ns. and operate with both mu+ and mu- trains injected in storage ring

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

NB B field is perp. to drift!NBB: what range of electrons does this correcpond to?

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

Questions:

what is efficiency as a function of energy vs B field?

what magnetic field is necessary to have reasonable efficiency for electrons up to first oscillation maximum and a little more? (this is of course a baseline dependent statement)

phenomenologists: be prepared to add this to the perfect detector! 10 (100?) kton with 30% efficiency for wrong sign electrons up to 5 GeV ? dreams?

High Tc supra conductor magnet?

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

Liquid Argon R&D

-- T2K 2km: 10M€ over 4 years 2009-2012 -- other: long drift

12.6M$ for 100ton « prototype ».

Cost estimates for full size detector are not known.sacling as V1/3 gives 360M$ for 100 kton. (realistic?)

Magnetized LARG. Magnet is as large/expensive as CMS -->200 M$this with moderate size Larg detector (15kton) may be competitive.

Cost of a intense High Tc magnet design to be evaluated. Several M$ and 10’s of FTE

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

An ideal detector exploiting a Neutrino Factory should:

Identify and measure the charge of the muon (“golden channel”) with high accuracy

Identify and measure the charge of the electron with high accuracy (“time reversal of the golden channel”)

Identify the decays (“silver channel”)Measure the complete kinematics of an event in

order to increase the signal/back ratioMigliozzi

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

“MECC” structure

Stainless steel or Lead Film Rohacell

DONUT/OPERA type target + Emulsion spectrometer + TT + Electron/pi discriminator

B

Assumption: accuracy of film by film alignment = 10 micron (conservative)

13 lead plates (~2.5 X0) + 4 spacers (2 cm gap) (NB in the future we plan to study stainless steel as well. May be it will be the baseline solution: lighter target)

The geometry of the MECC is being optimized

3 cm Electronic detectors/ECC

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

Need a programme of prototype of Magnetized emulsion claoud chambers

-- synergy with large magnet design for segmented calorimeter-- need prototype as for segmented calorimeterlarge size moduleadequate depth module to measure resolution-- synergy with Operano synergy with other project.

same detector costs assumed as for segmented calor.

ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel

near detector and instrumentation

Set-up a generic simulation of a near detectorDefine a series of potential detector geometries to run on near detector-- dedicated purely-leptonic detector for absolute flux-- quasi-elastic , pi, pi0 detector with variable targets (a la T2K ND280)-- charm detector for NufactCarry out physics studies needed for the ISS report:Study flux normalisation through:

1. Use quasi-elastic and elastic interactions to determine neutrino spectrum

2. Sensitivity for cross-section measurements: low energy?3. Determination of charm: remember this is main background for

golden channel!4. instrumentation: should build a prototype of emittance measuring

ring imaging Cherenkov detector and operate in a beam. Study heating and emittance- generating effects. 500k€

5. instrumentation design and prototype detector for reverse muon decay and elastic NC events 1M€

10FTEx4years and 1.5M€ for prototypes.

ee