the male reproductive system is composed of the testes

7/31/2019 The Male Reproductive System is Composed of the Testes

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The male reproductive system is composed of the testes, genital ducts, accessory glands,

and penis. The function of testis is to produce spermatozoa and hormones

The genital ducts and accessory glands produce secretions that aided by smooth muscle

contractions, conduct the spermatozoa to the exterior. These secretions also provide

nutrients for spermatozoa while they are confined to the male reproductive tract.

Spermatozoa and the secretions of the genital ducts and accessory glands make up thesemen (from Latin, meaning seed).

TestesEach testis is composes of several lobules each one consists of one to four seminiferous

tubules. The seminiferous tubules are lined with a complex stratified epithelium called

germinal or seminiferous epithelium (figure 1).


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Each lobule is occupied by one to four seminiferous tubules enmeshed in a web of loose

connective tissue that is rich in blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, and interstitial cells,

also known as Leydig cells. Seminiferous tubules produce male reproductive cells, the

spermatozoa, whereas interstitial cells secrete testicular androgens.

Excretory genital ducts

The excretory genital ducts transport the spermatozoa produce in the testes. These ducts

are:-

Ductus epididymidis Ductus deferns urthra

The ductus epididymidis is a single highly coiled tube. This long canal forms the body and tail

of the epididymis. It is lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium composed of

rounded basal cells and columnar cells.


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From the epididymis the ductus (vas) deferens, a straight tube with a thick, muscular wall,

continues toward the prostatic urethra and empties into it. It is characterized by a narrow

lumen and a mucosa with longitudinal folds, covered along most of its extent by

pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia

Accessory genital glands

The accessory genital glands produce secretions that are essential for reproductive function

in men. The accessory genital glands are:-

seminal vesicles gland

prostate glandbulbourthral gland


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The female reproductive system

The female reproductive system consists of two ovaries, two oviducts (uterine tubes), the

uterus, and vagina. Its functions are to produce female gametes (oocytes) and to holdfertilized oocyte.

Ovaries

Ovaries are almond- shaped bodies. Their surface covered by a simple sequamous or

cuboidal epithelium, which is called germinal epithelium. Its main fuction are to produce

oocytes and hormone secretion.

Under the germinal epithelium is a layer of dense connective tissue, the tunica albuginea,

which is responsible for the whitish color of the ovary. Underneath the tunica albuginea is

the cortical region, where ovarian folliclesstructures that contain the oocytes

predominate. The follicles are embedded in the connective tissue (stroma) of the cortical

region.


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Oviducts

The oviducts are two muscular tubes of great mobility. Each oviduct composes of three

segments these are:-

Infundibulum:- which has fingerlike extension call fimbriae Ampulla: - it's the site of fertilization. Isthmus :- its represented the site where oviduct connect with uterus

Uterus

The uterus is pear- shaped organ consist of two part these are:-

1. The body2. The cervix


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The uterus composes of three layers these are:- Endometrium: - which consists of simple columnar epithelium with lamina properia

contains simple tubular glands.

Myometrium:- the thickest tunic of the uterus is composed of bundles of smoothmuscle fibers separated by connective tissue.

Serosa

The endocrine system

Major Endocrine Glands

1.

Pineal body

2. Hypothalamus3. Pituitary (hypophysis)4. Thyroid and Parathyroid glands5. Adrenal (suprarenal) glands6. Pancreas7. Gonads8. Thymus


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Endocrine glands secrete chemical messengers into the bloodstream. Through the

bloodstream they can have effects on a few or many target organs or other glands.

The hypothalamus is an important component in regulating endocrine function, and in fact is

an endocrine secretor. The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary gland

(adenohypophysis) and through it the thyroid, gonads, adrenal cortex, and the melanocytes.

The hypothalamus actually produces the hormones secreted by theposterior pituitary

(neurohypophysis). In addition the hypothalamus acts through the autonomic nervous

system to control the adrenal medulla. Other glands such as the parathyroid and pancreas

respond directly to humoral stimuli.


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the male reproductive system is composed of the testes

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