The North and Industry

The Industrial Revolution – A period of rapid growth in using machines for

manufacturing.

Technology & Inventions

• Eli WhitneyEli Whitney – Interchangeable parts:Interchangeable parts: Parts of a machine that are identical. This made assembly easier and replacement of parts easier.

• This would led to mass mass productionproduction. The efficient production of large numbers of identical goods.

Transportation Revolution

• Steamboat – invented by Robert FultonRobert Fulton made riverboat travel quick and cheap on the rivers.

• Railroads – Peter Cooper and the Tom Thumb led America into the age of the locomotive. 1840 = 2800 miles of track, 1860 – 30,000 miles of track.

• Every major city on the East Coast is linked. Commerce and people begin to move with great ease.

Communication

• The telegraph: Invented by Samuel MorseSamuel Morse was a device that could send information over wires across great distances.

• Morse Code: Different combinations of dots and dashes that represent each letter of the alphabet.

Farming

• John Deere: Designed the first STEEL Plow. This changes farming forever.

• Cyrus McCormickCyrus McCormick: Invented the mechanical reaper to harvest wheat.

• Farm production increases rapidly because of these two inventions.

The South

• The South chooses a path of agriculture.

• Specifically a cash only crop. (Cash Crop)

• The crop that will drive their economy is COTTON!COTTON!

Eli Whitney

• The single most important invention to the continuing of slavery is the Cotton Gin.Cotton Gin.

• It was invented by Eli Eli Whitney (1793).Whitney (1793).

• It made cotton 1000 times more profitable then before.

• It removed the seeds from the cotton with a series of combs.

Plantation Society

• The cotton gin would change southern society.

• Large farms (Plantations) were developed which produce huge quantities of cotton for large profits sprang up in the deep south. Know as the cotton belt.

• Plantations required a large labor force, which increase the demand for slaves.

Abolitionists Movement

• AbolitionAbolition – Complete end to slavery.

• AbolitionistAbolitionist – An individual that works for the end of slavery.

• William Lloyd William Lloyd GarrisonGarrison – He published the most famous abolitionists newspaper the LiberatorLiberator.

African American Abolitionists

• Fredrick DouglassFredrick Douglass – He spent most of his life lecturing, lobbying and publishing material on the evils of slavery and racism.

• Sojourner TruthSojourner Truth – She lectured across the country about slavery and women’s rights.

Underground Railroad

• This was an organization of people who arranged transportation and hiding places for fugitives or escaped slaves.

• Harriet TubmanHarriet Tubman – She was one of the most famous conducts on the railroad. She assisted in the freeing of several hundred run aways.

Dred Scott

• Roger B. TaneyRoger B. Taney – Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

• He ruled that Dred Scott was not a citizennot a citizen of the US because he was African-American.

• ““A black man had no rights A black man had no rights which a white man was bound which a white man was bound to respect.”to respect.”

• Free soil did not change the status of a slave.

• He declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.

Abraham Lincoln is elected

• In 1860, Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln is elected president.

• Lincoln became president without winning a single Southern State.

• The southern states felt that this was the last straw and that Lincoln would design an agenda that would eliminate slavery eliminate slavery and the Southern way of life.and the Southern way of life.

The Civil War

• The question of Secection!

• Can a state quit the United States?Can a state quit the United States?

• Abraham Lincoln does not believe in SectionalismSectionalism, therefore the Union can not be dissolved because of individual states needs.

Fort Sumter

The Battle of Bull Run

• Bull RunBull Run was the first major battle of the Civil War and the South (Confederates) had won.

• This was the beginning of a long war not a short one as hoped by both sides.

• Thomas “Stonewall” Thomas “Stonewall” JacksonJackson – He received his nickname at the Battle of Bull Run because he refused to fall back and ordered his men to hold their line.

George McClellan

• He was the leader of the Union Army during the beginning of the war.

• He was arrogant and inefficient as a leader.

• He was at odds constantly with the President.

Battle of AntietamSeptember 17, 1862

• This battle took place in Maryland.

• It was the bloodiest single day in US History. (Over 25,000 soldiers died that day.)

• It was a union victory.

Control of the Mississippi

• Ulysses S. Grant – He was the commander of Northern (Union) forces in the west.

• The goal was to take control of the Mississippi.

Battle of Shiloh

• This was a surprise battle for Grant because he did not believe the South would attack him until he moved on Vicksburg.

• Two-days of fighting led to a union victory and set the stage for an attack on Vicksburg. (Mississippi)

Battle of Vicksburg

• Admiral David Farragut captured the city of New Orleans leaving only Vicksburg in the way of Northern control of the Mississippi.

• Grant decided to lay siege on the city instead of attacking.

• Siege – This means to surround a city and not let anything in or out, while bombarding it daily.

Vicksburg’s Importance

• The North now controled the Mississippi River.

• It is the first time that civilians are targeted in warfare on purpose.

• This changes the war! And leads to Grant becoming the leader of the Union Army.

Gettysburg “The Turning Point”

• July 1-3 1863

• Over 150,000 soldiers involved

• 53,000 dead

Day 1

• General “Jeb” StuartGeneral “Jeb” Stuart puts the confederates (South) at a disadvantage by leaving them blind (LEE) to what is out in front of them.

• Because of his mistake the Union (North) gains the HIGH GROUND on the first day and the rest of the battle.

The ArgumentThe ArgumentShould the South fight at

Gettysburg?

• General LongstreetGeneral Longstreet tries to convince General Lee not to attack at Gettysburg because the North had the advantage.

• He wanted to move the army to a better location.

• Lee decided against moving the army and attacked on the second day.

VS

Day 2• The fight for the high

ground is fierce.• The Little Round Top is

where the deadliest fighting takes place.

• Colonel ChamberlainColonel Chamberlain (Union) holds off the confederates all day until he runs out of ammunition.

• He ordered a bayonet charge at the end and caught the south by surprise.

• He saved the day and He saved the day and possibly the union.possibly the union.

Day 3 Pickett’s Charge

• General Lee orders an attack on the union center.

• General George Pickett will lead that charge.

• General Longstreet argues against the attack but fails to convince Lee not to attack.

• Half of Pickett’s men would die that day (7,500)

General Grant orders Sherman’s March to the Sea

• General William General William Tecumseh ShermanTecumseh Sherman (Union) is given orders by Grant to march through the south to Atlanta then turn North and meet him at Richmond.

• He is to destroy anything the Confederate Army could use for war along with civilian and economic resources. “Total War”“Total War”

April 9, 1865

• On this date the civil war will end with General Robert E. Lee surrendering to General Grant at Appomattax Appomattax CourthouseCourthouse.

Lincoln Assassination

• Lincoln is assassinated on April 15, 1865 at Ford’s Theater by John Wilkes Booth.