The Omni Processor

Peter Janicki

CEO & Founder

Janicki Bioenergy

& My Background

Founded by Peter and Susan Janicki in 1993

730 employees

135 engineers

New Delhi, India, March 2014

3 years ago we were approached by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

They wanted SOLUTIONS:-from someone with technology development experience-with a new perspective on sanitation-not someone entrenched in traditional sanitation solutions

That was the start of the OP journey…

Kibera slum, Kenya, June 2014

The Problem: How can we destroy human born fecal pathogens such that they cannot make people sick and contaminate the local water supply without adding financial burden to the community?

Peter and Susan Janicki entering Mukuru slum, Kenya, July 2012

The Janicki Bioenergy team spent time investigating the problem in order to: • Drive the vision of the solution and • Ensure that the solution would be practical in the real world setting

Sara VanTassel, President of Janicki Bioenergy with children in Kibera slum, Kenya, June 2014

2.5 billion people live without access to adequate sanitation

1.5 million children die of diarrhea every year

Kenya, June 2014

The scale of the problem is massive

Kenya, June 2014

Ivory Coast, March 2014

The inputs to the problem are varied:• Digested and undigested sludge• Very wet to very dry sludge• Garbage• Foreign objects• Dirt and other inorganic content

South Africa, July 2012

South Africa, July 2012

Current Solution #1: Manual Emptying of Pit Latrines-Step 1: Waste goes into pit

Current Solution #1: Manual Emptying-Step 2: Waste is manually dug out of pit and placed into cans

Current Solution #1: Manual Emptying-Step 3: The waste is emptied back into the environment

Current Solution #2: Septic Trucks-Step 1: Waste is collected and emptied at designated dump site

Current Solution #2: Septic Trucks-Step 2: Waste is seldom properly treated

Peter Janicki, CEO of Janicki Bionergy, Cotonou, Benin, June 2014

Current Solution #2: Septic Trucks-Step 3: The waste then flows back into the environment

Current Solution #3: WWTPs-Step 1: Sewer systems and WWTPs are constructed utilizing developed world technology

Janicki Team, Dakar, Senegal, June 2014

Current Solution #3: WWTPs-Step 2: Waste is seldom properly treated due to high operational costs of WWTPs

The Solution:Turn the processing of sludge, garbage, and contaminated water into a profitable business

Omni Processor (OP) Capabilities

• Combusts fecal waste, destroying all pathogens

• Recycles water from sludge into clean drinking water

• Creates excess electricity

• Generates usable heat

• Creates ash

• Does not require electrical grid

• Revenue producing and profitable for owner

Gates Notes Video

Sludge/Combustion Gasses Recycled Water

Why it WorksThe success of the Janicki OP is due to the strategic marriage of three different “industry standard” processes:

A. Steam Power

Generation

B. Solid Fuel Combustion

C. Water Treatment

Plant

A

B

C

B

A

C

The dryer boils the water with waste heat from the engine Boiling is used to separate water from the solid, combustible portion of the sludge Boiling also eliminates all pathogens in the water The separated solids can now be combusted and the water can be further treated

Thermodynamics of the Problem

1 kgWet Raw

Sludge

800 gWater

200 gDry Solids

3720 kJ released in combustion

2057 kJ required to boil 800g of water

37202057 = 1.8

There is nearly twice the amount of energy within the dry solids of the sludge as there is energy required to boil the water out of the sludge

Breakeven Analysis on Solids ContentAs the solids percentage of the sludge is reduced, the available energy is also reduced. Beyond the breakeven point, excess energy production is no longer possible and additional energy is required to continue processing the waste.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0% 10% 20% 30%

Gro

ss P

ow

er

Pro

du

ctio

n (

kW)

% Total Solids

Janicki team with workers in landfill Benin, June 2014

There is no shortage of garbage. This garbage can be used as supplemental energy for the system.

Energy in 4 kg of garbage = Energy in 1 kg of Diesel

Novel ComponentsAlthough the three processes are “standard”, novel components were required to allow for the technology marriage:

– Steam Engine -- Sludge Dryer -- Boiler

Steam Engine• Steam power plants typically generate power through

the utilization of a steam turbine

• For the OP size range and operating conditions a steam engine is more thermally efficient than a steam turbine

• A steam engine in the required size range and operating conditions is also more economical

http://www.alborzturbine.com/Pages/Equipment/Steam%20Turbine.aspx

Turbine: Cost Prohibitive Engine: Affordable

Engine Analysis

28

Sludge DryersOur dryers are made exclusively of pipe, which are affordable and take pressure well.

Boiler

• It is difficult and expensive to find fluidized bed boilers in the size and pressure ranges required for the OP. Most industrial boilers are much larger in scale.

• A smaller scale boiler was developed specific to the processor needs.

• Air emissions from the boiler meet all applicable US EPA clean air regulations

• Pollutants are controlled two ways– Thermal control– Addition of absorbents

• NOX

– Fluidized bed combustors run too cold to make any thermal NOX

• Dioxins & Furans– Typical dioxin requires chlorine– Chlorine contained in sludge is taken

care of by dry sorbent injection upstream of the dioxin/furan formation temperature.

Emissions

• Sulfur

– Controlled by adding calcium to the flue gas

– (CaCO3 + SO2 CaSO3 + CO2)

• CO2 & Other Global Warming Gasses

– While the OP does emit CO2, the use of this technology eliminates production of methane

– Janicki Bioenergy will develop future machines that will produce biochar to sequester carbon

Emissions

Temperature and Heat Transfer Map of Boiler

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis

Heat Exchanger Surface Area (m2) Heat Absorbed (kW) % of Heat Absorbed

Main Waterwall 9.36 238.75 25%

Rear Waterwall 2.93 57.3 6%

Convective Evaporator 10.7 659 69%

Water Treatment System

Water Treatment Results

Water from the OP meets US EPA municipal and WHO potable water standards

OP S200 Plant Overview

Property S200 Value

Maximum sludge processed 92.3 𝑚3/𝑑𝑎𝑦

Maximum power produced 300 𝑘𝑊

Maximum potable water produced 86,000 𝑙/𝑑𝑎𝑦

Footprint 100 𝑚2

Parasitic load 50 𝑘𝑊

Dryer pressure 4 𝑏𝑎𝑟

Fuel Sludge, Biomass, Garbage

Maximum moisture in fuel 99 %

Number of people served 100,000-200,000

OP S200 Specifications

ScaleThe Janicki OP is much smaller than typical power plants. This provides several benefits to the sanitation solution:

– Small footprint in community• Shortens transport distance of waste

• Increased market due to minimal real estate needs

– Shippable• Couples with the manufacturing philosophy to allow for mass

production and shipment worldwide

20m

11.5 m

• Population: 2.4 million– Reduce trucking distance from hours to minutes

• Even if there is no direct dumping fee for the sludge, if the driving distance is reduced then:

– Fuel cost is reduced

– Opportunity cost in being able to empty from more sites per day is reduced

– Produce 4.2 MW of power (350,000 households)

– Consume and process all waste from city

– Provide potable water for 500,000 people

– Requires no piped sewer

– All plants grid independent

Example of City Wide Network: Dakar, Senegal

Manufacturing Process

• Power plants and incinerators are primarily custom designs and hand built.

• Because our machine can take any sludge and other combustible fuel sources, every machine will be identical.

• Therefore, we will be able to take advantage of mass production techniques, thereby providing high value to the customer.

http://soshable.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Assembly-Line.jpg

Disruptive Technology

• With this combination of technology and business/manufacturing philosophy, the Janicki OP revolutionizes the treatment of fecal sludge and other waste products providing revenue potential instead of a parasitic cost to society

Economics of the Solution

The economics show possible revenues of $2.1MM/year

• water at $0.05/l • sludge at $10/ton • electricity at $180/MW • ash at $20/ton • heat at $0.70/therm

Wet RawSludge or Garbage

Drinking Water

Dry Fuel

$1,156k

Heat

Electricity

Ash$220k

$15k

$353k

$329k Sludge

Water

Electricity

Ash

Heat

Payback on the Investment• If you can sell the water for $.05/liter the plant should pay

for itself in less than 2 years• If you get paid a reasonable fee to take the sludge and sell

the electricity (but do not sell the water), the processor should pay for itself in 5-6 years

Will People Drink Recycled Water?If the water you and your family are drinking is making you sick it is an easy choice.

If you have to travel far to get the water it will be an

easy choice.

However, we may have to give the water away initially to get people to accept it.

Current Water Options

• Piped water

– not guaranteed safe

• Well water

– not guaranteed safe

• Rivers, lakes, etc.

– not guaranteed safe

• Bottled/sachets

– Only guaranteed safe option

Janicki Bioenergy is Seeking Partners• Technical distribution partners to help sell, support and

distribute the processor. • Financing partners that would help our customers finance

their OMNI processor. Some organizations will do this simply to make money. Others may provide financing so that those that need this equipment the most will be able to acquire it.

• Business development organizations that can help entrepreneurs sell the outputs and receive fees for the inputs to the processor.