Revolutions and UnificationEurope from 1815-1850

Revolutions of 1830 & 1848

Revolutions break out in many nations Caused by Liberals wanting changes Industrial Revolution – low wage

workers wanting changes Intellectuals (teachers) wanting

changes Nationalism – people want to create

new countries for their ethnic groups / nationalities

Revolutions of 1830 & 1848

Almost all of these revolutions are unsuccessful Liberal Revolutionaries can not agree

on their goals Conservatives are unified / more

organized – thus monarchs stay in power

Lets look at some examplesFrance – 1815-1850

France After Congress of Vienna

Louis XVIII installed as new king of France Conservative – but

also a realist Agreed to keep

French Parliament / Limited Monarchy

Nobody Happy Liberals say he is

not liberal enough Conservatives want

to go back to an Absolute Monarch

Political Spectrum

Charles X Takes over after Louis XVIII dies

in 1824

Even more conservative than Louis Wants an Absolute Monarchy again

Gets rid of Parliament 1830 Passes the July Ordinances

No freedom of press Restrictions on rights to vote

Liberals revolt against the July Ordinances

Charles forced to flee to England

Political Spectrum

Louis Phillip “The Bourgeoisie Monarch”

Presents himself as more liberal In reality, he must keep the support of

conservatives. (after all - they have the $) Favors the wealthy / Upper middle class

Middle class gets right to vote Against Socialism

1848 – Liberals revolt – Led by Socialists Factory Workers and Intellectuals

(Professors) Louis flees to England (hmmm, déjà vu?)

Political Spectrum

Louis Blanc 1848 - comes to power

Only lasts a few months Socialist

Establishes “workhouses” Government controlled businesses Everyone guaranteed a job

“Busywork” type of jobs Must raise taxes to pay for these

workhouses Middle class pays most of the taxes

Middle Class (conservatives) revolts

Louis Flees to England (ok, this is getting ridiculous)

Political Spectrum

Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III) Nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte

Takes advantage of the family name

Elected, sets himself up as Emperor – just like his old uncle did Passed some reforms

Male suffrage (voting) Promotes railroads and work

programs

Cracks down on dissent (disagreement)

Censors newspapers, professors, Outlaws other political parties

Political Spectrum

Louis Napoleon (continued)

Tries to make France great again Gains colonies in North and West Africa Builds Suez Canal (in Egypt)

British very thankful to take it later on. Tries to gain Mexico

Unsuccessful (think Zorro!) Gets involved in Crimean War against Russia

Keep Russia from getting too powerful Does not get much out of it

Ends up in a war with Prussia in 1870 Franco-Prussian War

Disaster for France Loses Alsace and Lorraine territories Captured and thrown out of power Ended up in exile in … you guessed it -

England

Next Up - GermanyFrom 1815-1870

green book p 464-465, 537-540