The Periodic Table

Periodic Table• Periodic Table– Arrangement of all

elements– Mendeleev

• 1st to see pattern of elements and arranged according to these patterns

• The Periodic Table– Arranged according to:

• Increasing atomic number• Changes in physical

properties• Changes in chemical

properties

Periodic Table

• Periodic Table– Uses abbreviations to

represent elements– Some symbols and

names are from:• Latin and Greek

derivatives• Scientists • Places• Element’s properties

Metals on Periodic Table• Metals– Found to the left of the

stair-step line on periodic table

• Properties of Metals– Good conductors of heat

and electricity– All but 1 (Mercury) are

solids

Metals on the Periodic Table

• Properties of Metals– Most are shiny– Malleable

• Hammered or rolled into thin sheets

– Ductile• Drawn into wires

– Forms compounds with non-metals

The Alkali Metals• Alkali Metals– Group 1 on periodic table– Softer than most metals– Very reactive– Alkali metals – Examples

• Lithium• Sodium• Potassium• Rubidium• Cesium• Francium (very rare and

radioactive)

The Alkaline Earth Metals• Alkali Earth Metals– Group 2 on periodic table– Very similar to alkaline

metals– Very reactive – Reactivity of Alkaline Earth

Metals – Examples

• Beryllium• Magnesium• Calcium• Strontium• Barium

Transition Metals• Transition Metals– Groups 3 – 12 on periodic

table– Often form colored

compounds– Transition Metals– Examples

• Iron• Gold• Nickel• Copper• Silver• Cobalt

Inner Transition Elements• Inner Transition Elements– Comprised of the 2 rows

that seem disconnected from periodic table

– Lanthanide and Actinide Series

– Lanthanides• Many of these bond with

carbon and used to produce many colors on tv screen

– Actinides• All are radioactive and very

unstable

Nonmetals• Nonmetals– All but Hydrogen (H) are

found to the right of the stair-stepped line

– Properties• Gases or very brittle

solids• Not malleable• Not ductile• Do not conduct heat or

electricity well

Hydrogen• Hydrogen– In group 1 but is a

nonmetal– 90% of atoms in universe

are H atoms– Exists in many

compounds and as a diatomic molecule

– Discovering Hydrogen– Diatomic molecule

• Bonding of two atoms of the same element

Halogens

• Halogens– Group 17 on the periodic

table– Very reactive– Forms many compounds

with metals– These compounds are

called salts– Examples

• NaCl• KCl

Noble Gases

• Noble Gases– Group 18 on the periodic

table– Very stable elements– Do not form compounds

with other elements– All exist as gases– Examples

• Helium• Neon• Argon• Krypton

Metalloids

• Metalloids– Elements along the stair-

step line on the periodic table

– Have characteristics of both metals and non-metals

– Examples• Boron• Silicon• Aluminum• Arsenic

Boron Group

• Boron Group– Group 13 on the periodic

table– Considered a “mixed”

group because it consists of metalloids and metals

– Examples• Boron• Aluminum• Gallium

Carbon Group

• Carbon Group– Group 14 on the periodic

table– Also a “mixed” group

with nonmetal, metalloid and metals

– Examples• Carbon• Silicon• Tin• Lead

Nitrogen Group

• Nitrogen Group– Group 15 on the periodic

table– Also a “mixed” group– Examples

• Nitrogen• Phosphorous• Arsenic

Oxygen Group

• Oxygen Group– Group 16 on the periodic

table– Also a “mixed” group– Examples

• Oxygen• Sulfur• Selenium