the plant kingdom

THE PLANT KINGDOMI THE NON VASCULAR PLANTS (BRYOPHYTES)II THE VASCULAR PLANTS (TRACHEOPHYTA)A. The Seedless Plants -THE FERN FAMILY (Phylum Felicinophyta of the Pteridophyta)1. General Characteristics: Primitive. They thrive in shaded and moist habitats. many grow on

ground and on trees, few in water. some grow up to twelve meters. Spores are the reproductive structures of ferns which could be found on the lower surface or at the margins of leaf.

2. Economic importance of the fern plants for ornamental purposes source of food for binding and decorative purposes as edges and handle of native anahaw fan. rims of the headwear known as salakot and ladies hand bag.

3. Examples of Philippine Ferns:a. Giant ferns,(angiopteris) e. nitob. salvinia(water fern) f. ornamental fernsc. cyathea (tree fern) g. bird's nestd. edible fern (pako)

B. Seed plants: GYMNOSPERMAE - dominant Vascular plants Gymnosperms -plant with exposed seeds GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: 1. gymnosperms consists of about 700 species of woody plants with seeds not enclosed by

fruits. these are plants with "naked sees" 2. seed Bearing plants includes: phylum conifenophyta (conifers or pine trees) phylum cycodophyta (cycads) phylum Ginkgophyta ( Ginkgobiloba ) phylum Gnetophyta (Gnetophytes) 3.Most of them prefer low temperature. Thus, they are abundant in temperature regions and

in warmer countries, higher elevations 4.Gymnosperms are significant as timber trees, food and medicinal plant , ornamental, and as

source of essential oils and other productive in forests 5. Gymnosperms are important erosion control, protection of water sheds and enhancement

of aesthetic value of natural communities. 6.Sourse of resin (for perfume/varnishes) 7.Christmas decorations. C. The Flowering Plants: ANGIOSPERMAE -dominant vascular plants General Characteristics 1.they are plants with seeds enclosed in a fruit 2. They developed vascular tissues making then adapted to terrestrial habitats. 3. Their reproductive organs are usually protective with is a whole highly modified /or

attractively colored leaves in an intricate structure of "flower".

4. They can be classified according to their life span. a. annuals-a year growing seasons (ex.; rice, corn ) b. Biennial- a year of two life span c. perennials- many years, with woody stems (ex.; bamboo, trees)5. They can be classified according to leaf arrangement or Phyllotaxy a. alternate b. radially or whorl c. opposite

6. They can also be classified according to number of cotyledons as to monocot or dicot (Page 246 of the module)

7. They can also be classified according to their Habit - the size and nature of stema. tree - large woody plant with a single main stem or trunk.b. shrub- a woody plant relatively small than a tree, with two or more stems arising from

the ground.c. herbs - soft-stemmed plant relatively short and short-lived.d. Vine- a plant witch either creeps along the ground of climb upright objects.e. weeds- grasses

8. Plants can also be classified on how leaves are attached to the stem. a. simple leaf b. palmately compound leaf

c. pinnately compound leaf d. bipinnately compound leaf

9. The types of leaf margins: a. toothed b. smooth c. lobed

10. Some of The Harmful plants. a. sorghum - can cause cyanide poisoningb. Jatropha curcas (tuba-tuba) - its seeds are poisonous. Fruits can cause burning sensation in

throat and can cause vomiting.c. Manihot esculenta (cassava) the bark contain hydrocyanic acid.d. Echinochloa crus-galli (dawa-dawa) \ host weeds that are alternative to abaca ande. Digitaria saguinidis (Saka-saka) / corn mosaic virus.

SCIENCE 8 Quarter 4 Module 1 - THE PLANT KINGDOMName:__________________________________________ Score:____________Year & Section: _____________________ Date: ________________MULTIPLE CHOICES: Encircle the letter of the correct answer then, write it on the space provided.

1. Multicellular organisms that make their food, have roots, stems, leaves belong to a. Kingdom Animalia b. Kingdom Fungi c. Kingdom Protista d. Kingdom Plantae

2. Why are plants considered to be the producers?a. They depend on other organisms for food c. They do not have chlorophyllb. They can produce their own food by photosynthesis d. Both b and c

3. Mosses, hornwort, and liverwort are bryophytes. which of the following characteristics describes the bryophytes?I. They are vascular plants II. They are non-vascular plantsIII. They are seed bearing plants IV. They are moisture loving plantsa. I and II b. II and III c. I and III d. II and IV

4. Which of these statements is TRUE about for both moss and fern plants?a. they have dominant gametophytes and small sporophytesb. they are both highly vascular plants.c. they can live in dry habitatd. they need water for sperm cells to reach the eggs

5. Which of these statements about the flowers is TRUE? a. it is the organ for sexual reproductionb. some of its parts may not be developed into fruits with seedsc. its structures do not need aids to bring the sperm cells in the pollen to the egg

cell in the ovuled. only the female parts can be found in the flower

6. The green scum or patches that you may find in canals or attached to cement walls or stones and shady areas would most likely consist of… a. conifers b. ferns c. flowering plants d. mosses

7. Which of the these organisms has a conducting vessels for food and water?a. moss b. azolla c. liverwort d. hornwort

8. In which way/s the liverwort is similar to the cactus?I. It can live in dry habitat II. it has roots, stem, and leaves III. it can make its own food

a. I only b. II only c. III only d. I, II, and III9. Ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms are vascular plants because they…

a. bear seeds c. have specialized stems for storing foodb. develop from embryo d. have a water and nutrient transport system

10. To which group the winged bean (sigarilyas) belong?a. herb b. shrub c. vine d. tree

11. Which of the following is a perennial plant? a. Acacia b. banana c. papaya d. kalamansi

12. What is the main function of the xylem and the phloem?a. storage b. absorption c. transport d. photosynthesis

13. The cone with seeds on the surface is a distinguishing characteristics of …a. ferns b. flowering plants c. gymnosperms d. mosses

14. Atis, Guava, tomato, lanzones, ampalaya, and cucucmber have seeds inside their fruits. this characteristics classifies them under…a. ferns b. flowering plants c. gymnosperms d. mosses

15. Which one is a conifer?a. Mango Tree b. Pine Tree c. Narra Tree d. Coconut tree

16. Which plant has seeds enclosed in a fruit? a. cycads b. ginkgobiloba c. coconut d. ferns17. How will you describe majority of the flowering plants. a. terrestrials b. aerial c. aquatic d. hydrophytes18. Plants' length of life that last for more or less one year is said to be… a. annual b. biennial c. perennial d. seasonal19. Plants are classify according to habit or the size and nature of the stem. Which has

main trunk and definitely consists of hardwood? a. weeds b. shrubs c. tree d. herbs20. What do you mean by phyllotaxy? a length of life of plants. c. arrangement of leaves to the stem b. shape of leaves d. harmful or beneficial effects to animals

II ANALYSIS: A. Classify the following plants according to heading. Fill up the table below.

PLANTS LIFESPAN SIZE OF STEM LEAF ARRANGEMENT

NUMBER OF COTYLEDON

1. Mango2. Makahiya3. Corn4. Guava5. Cassava6. Gumamela7. Camote8. oregano9. talahib10. Bamboo

B. Classify the leaves of the given plants as required.Attachment to leaf Type of leaf margin

SantolRoseAmpalaya

Key: SCIENCE 8 Quarter 4 Module 1 - THE PLANT KINGDOM____1. D 11. A____2. B 12. c____3. D 13. C____4. A 14. b____5. A 15. B____6. D 16. C____7. B 17. A____8. C 18. a____9. D 19. c____10. C 20. C



NUMBER OF COTYLEDON

1. Mango Perennial Tree Alternate dicot2. Makahiya Annual Herb alternate dicot3. Corn Annual Herb Radial/whorl monocot4. Guava Perennial Tree Opposite dicot5. cassava annual shrub Alternate dicot6. Gumamela Biennial Herb alternate dicot7. Camote Annual Herb alternate dicot8. oregano Annual Herb Opposite dicot9. talahib Annual Weed Radial/whorl monocot10. Bamboo perennial weed alternate monocot


Santol simple SmoothRose Pinnately compound ToothedAmpalaya Palmately compound lobed

Key: SCIENCE 8 Quarter 4 Module 1 - THE PLANT KINGDOM____1. D 11. A____2. B 12. c____3. D 13. C____4. A 14. b____5. A 15. B____6. D 16. C____7. B 17. A____8. C 18. a____9. D 19. c____10. C 20. C



NUMBER OF COTYLEDON

1. Mango Perennial Tree Alternate dicot2. Makahiya Annual Herb alternate dicot3. Corn Annual Herb Radial/whorl monocot4. Guava Perennial Tree Opposite dicot5. cassava annual shrub Alternate dicot6. Gumamela Biennial Herb alternate dicot7. Camote Annual Herb alternate dicot8. oregano Annual Herb Opposite dicot9. talahib Annual Weed Radial/whorl monocot10. Bamboo perennial weed alternate monocot


Santol simple SmoothRose Pinnately compound ToothedAmpalaya Palmately compound lobed

THE ANIMAL KINGDOMGeneral Characteristics of Animals:

1) Animals are eukaryotic, multicellular heterotrophs. They differ in size or shape. 2) All animals ingest their food. Some animals can live inside other animals.3) Some animals eat plant; others eat animals or other kinds of heterotrophs. 4) Most animals are motile, moving in place to place to capture their food. 5) Other animals are found in fresh or marine water, some in every habitat on land6) They reproduce either sexually or asexually.

Two Major Groups of Animals:I. The Invertebrates – animals that lack backbone which is present in vertebrates.

PHYLUM GROUP NAME GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS REPRESENTATIVE ORGANISMS

1 Phylum Porifera The Pore-Bearing Animals

Live in shallow and deep ocean. Young are motile; adults are attached to solid materials. The body has spicules. Waste water and materials go out of the body through the osculum.

Sponges: Venus flower basket; Neptune’s goblets; bath sponge; scypha; microciona; bread crumb sponge; encrusting sponge.

2. Phylum Cnidaria

The Stinging Animals

Animals with barbed-threads and tentacles with Nematocysts- specialized stinging cells with poison –filled threads

Hydra; common jelly fish; Portuguese man-of-war; sea fan; periphylla; sea pen; sea anemone; gonionemus; burrowing anemone; tubularia; plumularia; brain corals; stony corals, haliclystus

3.Phylum Platyhelminthes

The Flatworms Most are flat, ribbon like bodies. Many are parasitic, some are free living. Some are crawling on the moist ground, some are swimming in fresh water. One end is the head. Behind the head are segments called prolottids.

Planaria; flukes; tapeworm;

4. Phylum Nematoda

The Roundworms

Long slender, and smooth-bodied. They inhabit the soil, fresh, and salt water. Some are parasites in plants and animals, some are free living.

Hookworms; pinworms; trichina worms; ascaris,

5. Phylum Annelida

The Segmented Worms

Characterize by segments or repeated body parts for easy movements. Most are crawling or burrowing in moist soil, or swimming in sea or fresh water.

Earthworms; polychaetes (sandworms): leeches; sabellid worms; marine annelids

6. Phylum Mollusca

Mollusks- The Soft-Bodied

Their body is soft and shapeless. Some have two shells protecting their bodies, some have one, some no shells, and some have shell inside their body. Body parts consist of Muscular foot for locomotion, mantle that produces shell and visceral mass that contains internal organs.

Gastropods- the univalves, has only one shell: sea and land slugs, snail, nudibranchs, abalone, slipper chitonBivalves – have two shells: mussels, oyster, clams, scallopCephalopods- shell-less and with internal skeleton; squid, cuttlefish, octopus

7. Phylum Echinodermata

The Echinoderms (spinny-skinned animals)

Have hard bodies covered with spines, have no head nor tail end, no left nor right side, and has a body design known as radial symmetry.

Sea cucumber, sea urchin, notched sand dollar, starfish, sea lilies, brittle stars, sun star,

8. Phylum Arthropoda

Arthropods – Animals with Jointed Legs

All have exoskeleton which they can get rid and replace with a new one by the process of molting. They have segmented bodies: head, thorax and abdomen

Crustaceans- water flea, Cyclops, shrimp, spiny rock lobster, barnacles, crab, sand hopper, fiddler crab, hermit crabArachnids- black widow spider, wolf spider, orb weaving spider, tick, tarantula, whip scorpion, scorpion, harvest manMillipedes- have two pairs of legs for each body segmentCentipedes- have one pair of legs for each body segmentInsects - mosquitoes, fly, grasshopper, aphids…

The Animal KingdomII. PHYLUM CHORDATA

General Characteristics:1. Mostly high developed animals, associated with vertebrates or backbone.2. Generally share certain characteristics that are present in any stage of life. These

are the presence of notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, gill slit, and the post-anal tail.

A. LOWER CHORDATES :1. Acorn worm - wormlike animals with the notochord found only in the head2. Tunicates – these are attached, saclike animals. The notochord appears only in

the larva3. Lancelets – these fishlike animals contain a notochord running the whole length

of the body.

B. THE VERTEBRATES- these have notochord in the embryo which is replaced by a backbone in the adult stage.

CLASSES OF VERTEBRATESCLASSES GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS REPRESENTATIVE

ORGANISMS

1. Fishes

a. Jawless fishes

b. Cartilaginous fishes

c. Bony fishes

Can be found in salty, fresh, cold or hot water, most have scales, lay eggs, cold blooded.-Have no jaws and paired fins, have many gill slits-have skeleton made up of cartilage and grainy scales- have skeleton made up of both cartilage and bone, or maybe completely bony

-hag fish, lampreys

Rays, skates, sharks

-milkfish, tilapia, mackerel, trunkfish, sea horse, globe fish, flying fish, catfish, lungfish, marine sun fish

2. Amphibians Animals that are adapted to life on land and in water. They have gills during larval stage and lungs during adult stage.

Mud puppy, land salamander, frog, limbless caecilian

3. Reptiles These animals have lungs

throughout their lives and are well adapted to life on land. They are covered with scales. Females lay eggs with shells

Gecko (tuko), snake (Boa), glass snake, water monitor (bayawak). Chameleon, crocodile, horned toad, turtle

4. Birds These are warm-blooded animals with bodies covered with feathers. Feet are covered with scales. They have beaks and wings but have no teeth. Females lay hard shelled eggs.

Birds that cannot fly: kiwi, ostrich, penguins, Short distance flyers; chicken, ducksFlyers: maya, eagle, long tailed nightjar, marsh snipe,

5. Mammals

a. Monotremes

b. Marsupials

c. Eutherians

These warm-blooded animals have fur or hair. Their youngs are fed with milk secreted by the mammary glands. Most have four limbs.- the egg laying mammals

– the pouched mammals

- the placental mammals

-duck-billed platypus, spiny anteater-flying phalanger, Tasmanian wolf, kangaroo, koala bears, wombats, opossums-man, shrews, bats, dugong, whales, dogs, cows, horses…

SCIENCE 8 Quarter 4 Module 1 - THE ANIMAL KINGDOM

Name:__________________________________________ Score:________________Year & Section: _____________________ Date: ________________

I. MULTIPLE CHOICES: Encircle the letter of the correct answer then, write it on the space provided.1. All chordates have this structure…

a. Mammary glands c. Scales b. Notochord, gill slits, dorsal nerve cord d. Wings

2. Animals without backbone…a. Starfishes b. Jelly fishes c. Sharks d. insects

3. Arthropods: a. Houseflies b. flatworms c. Spiders d. Centipede4. Can be found in cnidarians…

a. Body cavity b. Stinging cells c. Jointed legs d. tentacles 5. Worms: a. ascaris b. liver fluke c. Leech d. millipede6. Can be found in Echinoderms…:

a. Tube feet b. Spines c. Notochord d. bilateral symmetry7. Mollusks: a. clams b. Snails c. squid d. sea squirt8. They form pearls…

a. Sponges b. Oysters c. Corals c. Jelly fishes9. Which one is the jawless fish?

a. Bangus b. sting ray c. lamprey d. tuna 10. Backbone: a. earthworm b. Insects c. Frog d. sponges11. Fish: a. shark b. Milkfish c. Sea horse d. starfish12. Egg-laying animals coated with shell…

a. Birds b. Fishes c. Sharks d. Insects13. Placental mammals…

a. Kangaroos b. Monkeys c. Rats d. whales14. Which of the animals below has the same symmetry as the butterfly?

a. Jellyfish b. Snail c. Squid d. Crab15. Which pair of animals has the same kind of skeleton?

a. Spider and jellyfish c. crab and birdb. Fish and bird d. starfish and shrimp

16. These are all marine organisms…a. Stinging animals c. segmented worms b. flatworms d. soft-bodied animals

17. They are animals with mantle that secretes substance to form shell…a. Stinging animals c. flatworms

b. segmented worms d. soft-bodied animals18. Cartilaginous fish has skeleton made of soft, flexible protein. Which one is a

cartilaginous?a. Hag fish b. Sharks c. globe fish d. sea horse

19. They live partly in water and partly on land and lays eggs without shell. Which group are them?a. Fishes b. amphibians c. reptiles d. birds

20. They are reptiles that are enclosed and protected by shell and the females come to shore to lay eggs,a. Ducks and penguins c. turtles and tortoise b. gold fish and tilapia d. frogs and toads

21. This class of vertebrates has hollow and light bones, have beaks, and are warm blooded organisms…a. mammals b. reptiles c. amphibians d. birds

22. Dugong is what kind of mammal?a. Aquatic b. flying c. rodent d. trunk nosed

23. What is the reason for placing frog in a class different from that of dog and person?a. The main respiratory organ of the frog is the lungb. In, frog, the tongue is attached anteriorly while in dog and people, it is

attached posteriorlyc. Frog has a three-chambered heart while dog and man have four-

chambered heartsd. The frog spends part of its development in water

24. What is the main reason for placing shrimp in a phylum different from that of bird and people?a. Shrimp has many appendages while person and bird only have twob. Shrimp is aquatic while birds and people are notc. People and birds have bilateral symmetryd. The nerve chord is ventrally located in shrimp but dorsally located in

people and birds 25. Which pair of animals is most related?

a. Eagle and bat b. bat and dog c. whale and shark d. shark and eagleII. SYNTHESIS: Essay Writing: 5points

In fifty words or more, express your concept on the difference/s between egg-laying mammals, pouched mammal and placental mammal.

SCIENCE 8 Quarter 4 Module 1 - THE ANIMAL KINGDOMkey to correction

1) B2) C3) B4) B5) D6) A7) D8) B9) C10) C11) A12) A13) A14) A15) D16) A17) D18) B19) B20) C21) D22) A23) D24) A25) B

SCIENCE 8 Quarter 4 Module 1 - THE ANIMAL KINGDOMkey to correction

1) B2) C3) B4) B5) D6) A7) D8) B9) C10) C11) A12) A13) A14) A15) D16) A17) D18) B19) B20) C21) D22) A23) D24) A

key to correction1) B2) C3) B4) B5) D6) A7) D8) B9) C10) C11) A12) A13) A14) A15) D16) A17) D18) B19) B20) C21) D22) A23) D24) A25) B

the plant kingdom

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