THE PROGRAMME OF MEASURES THE PROGRAMME OF MEASURES IN PRACTICEIN PRACTICE

Case study

Some elements were picked from "Scoping and testing key elements of the economic analysis for

the WFD", Ministry of the Environment, Government of Navarra,

Spain, 2002

Programme of

measures

Formal definitions in the directive art. 11: definition annex VI: list of measures

Contents of the programme requirement: take account of the results of analysis

required under art.5 (characterisation, economic analysis) in order to achieve good status (art. 4)

at least basic measures: comply with all existing European and national legislation

supplementary measures when necessary: all other actions needed to achieve the goal (legislative, administrative, economic…)

THE PROGRAMME OF MEASURES UNDER WFD

2/10 Use of economic analyses to ensure that the

programme combines the most cost-effective possible measures

Programme

of measures

FLOW CHART OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PROGRAMME OF MEASURES

3/10

Basic measuresSupplementary measures

E Economic input

Choose the most cost-effective

measures

E

Combine all measures

Assess their impact

E

Programme of

measures

Characterisation of the district

Basic measures

will suffice

Basic measures will

not suffice

yes no

Is GES likely to be achieved in 2015?

Define supplementary

measures

Assess their cost-effectiveness

yes

Choose the most cost-effective

measures

E

Choose the most cost-beneficial

measuresGo for a derogation

E Are the costs disproportionate?

no

E

Programme

of measures

DEROGATION IN PRACTICE

Sourc

e:

Min

istr

y o

f th

e e

nvir

onm

ent,

Québ

ec,

Canad

a

Basic measures

Supplementary

measures

4/10

Programme

of measures

BASIC MEASURES

E.g. drinking water directive (98/83):nitrates < 50mg/l; pesticides <

10µg/l

Measures required for

the implementation of

directives

What possible measures to comply with these norms?

Preventive Co-operative agreements with farmers: change in

cultivation methods around abstraction points

(grasslands, no chemicals, no manure spreading…)

vs.compensation

CurativeNew treatment facilities: denitrification, filtration

5/10

Programme

of measures

SELECTION OF BASIC MEASURES:COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS

Which measure could best achieve compliance

with directive 98-83 at the lowest cost?Measure Effectiveness Costs Comments

Preventive Full compliance with normsdue to the improvement of thequality of raw (ground)water

0,29€/m3 Action at source enhanceslikeliness of using this resourcein the long term and facilitatescompliance with potentialfuture stricter norms

Curative Full compliance with normsdue to higher effectiveness ofnew facilities (once they willbe in operation)

0,21€/m3 (nitrates)0,06€/m3 (pesticides)

Treatment facilities may notsuffice if nitratesconcentrations in groundwaterkeep increasing

Associated benefits of preventive measures may

also be considered: improvement of raw water

quality, potential better protection v. floods,

farmers' awareness...

6/10

Programme

of measures

SUPPLEMENTARY MEASURES

Measures required to fill the gap

in water quality between the

result of business-as-usual

evolution and GESE.g. given existing uses and their likely

evolution, it is necessary to increase the water flow of a

river (+50l/sec.) to reach GES

What possible measures for improving the water flow?

M1. Reduce water demandA- Water Saving Programme (WSP) in the agriculture sector:

reduce the demandimplement more efficient technologies…

B- Water saving programme (WSP) in the urban sectorM2. Increase the efficiency of the water distribution networks

A- In urban areasB- In rural areas

M3. Import water from another basin

7/10

Programme

of measures

Measures

Maximumwatersaving(m3)

AnnualEquivalent

Cost(€)

AEC/ m3

Maximumflow

increase(l/ sec.)

AEC/ l/ sec.

Water imports unlimited 0,224 unlimited 7 560

Efficiency in waternetworks

695 258 58 072 0,260 1,11 5 232

Installation ofmeters

88 989 25 376 0,280 2,8 8 993

Saving campaignsfor consumers

103 820 17 744 0,170 3,3 5 390

Saving programmefor households

136 330 20 805 0,150 4,3 4 813

Saving programmefor firms

48 589 5 201 0,110 1,5 3 376

Saving programmefor institutions

27 822 5 300 0,190 0,9 5 896

Water recycling 350 000 92 855 0,260 11,1 8 367

Goal: +50l/second

to achieve GES

Source of the original table: "Scoping and testing key elements of the economic analysis for the WFD", Ministry of the Environment, Government of Navarra, Spain, 2002

SELECTION OF SUPPLEMENTARY MEASURES:

COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSISWhich measures could ensure the greatest increase

in water flow at the lowest cost?

8/10

Ranking may change

depending on the

indicator

choose it

carefully

Programme

of measures

WHAT IF COSTS ARE JUDGED TO BE DISPROPORTIONATE?

Disproportion of costs opens the floor to derogation: extended deadline if phased achievement of

measures allows to reach GES under acceptable conditions (costs…)

less stringent objective if phased achievement doesn't suffice

Carry out a cost-benefit analysis and take account of: social and environmental benefits uncertainty of data (environmental costs…) and

potential impact on global results Adjust the programme of measures

9/10

Programme

of measures

ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACTOF THE PROGRAMME OF MEASURES

What are socio-economic impacts? E.g. direct/indirect impacts of change in irrigation

patterns • generates more added-value for farmers: increased

crop yields and reduced water consumption• demand less manpower. What impact on

employment?

What impact on water pricing? to be compared with ability to pay

• are cost-effectiveness analyses still valid?• is it necessary to redefine some measures?

basic measur

e

basic measur

e

basic measur

e

basic measur

e

supplement.

measure

supplement.

measure

supplement.

measure

supplement.

measureCombine the selected best measures to construct the programme of measures

Don't forget accompanying

measures:

administrative, financial,

technical...10/10

Programme

of measures

GO FURTHER

Basic measures in WFD Comments of the suggested basic

measures in the case study Supplementary measures in WFD

Programme

of measures

BASIC MEASURES IN WFDANNEX VI

Measures required under the following Directives:(i) The Bathing Water Directive (76/160/EEC)

(ii) The Birds Directive (79/409/EEC)

(iii) The Drinking Water Directive (80/778/EEC) as amended by Directive (98/83/EC)

(iv) The Major Accidents (Seveso) Directive (96/82/EC)

(v) The Environmental Impact Assessment Directive (85/337/EEC)

(vi) The Sewage Sludge Directive (86/278/EEC)

(vii) The Urban Waste-water Treatment Directive (91/271/EEC)

(viii) The Plant Protection Products Directive (91/414/EEC)

(ix) The Nitrates Directive (91/676/EEC)

(x) The Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC)

(xi) The Integrated Pollution Prevention Control Directive (96/61/EC)

Programme

of measures

COMMENTS ON SUGGESTED BASIC MEASURES

Preventive measuressource of data: cooperative agreements in the German

Bundesland Hessedescription: nitrates reduction in the soil of 20 to 60kg N/ha

achieved through the agreement cost of the measure may decrease over time as farmers

progressively adopt more environment-friendly cultivation methods

agreements may also include non financial compensations. E.g. training for farmers on how to use fertilisers better. This will generate savings for drinking water suppliers and higher crop yields for farmers.Curative measures

source of data: examples in Denmark and Francedescription: investment and operating costs of treatment

facilities: 0,20 to 0,22€/m3 for denitrification (DK - F); 0,06€/m3 for pesticides (F)

as pressure on raw water keeps increasing, it may become unsuitable for the production of drinking water

Programme

of measures

SUPPLEMENTARY MEASURES IN WFDANNEX VI

The following is a non-exclusive list of supplementary measures which Member States within each river basin district may choose to adopt as part of the programme of measures required under Article 11(4):

(i) legislative instruments(ii) administrative instruments(iii) economic or fiscal instruments(iv) negotiated environmental agreements(v) emission controls(vi) codes of good practice(vii) recreation and restoration of wetlands areas(viii) abstraction controls(ix) demand management measures, inter alia, promotion of adapted agricultural

production such as low water requiring crops in areas affected by drought(x) efficiency and reuse measures, inter alia, promotion of water-efficient

technologies in industry and water-saving irrigation techniques(xi) construction projects(xii) desalination plants(xiii) rehabilitation projects(xiv) artificial recharge of aquifers(xv) educational projects(xvi) research, development and demonstration projects(xvii) other relevant measures