the renaissance & reformation 1350-1650 the reformation ideas spread
TRANSCRIPT
The Renaissance & Reformation1350-1650
The Reformation Ideas Spread
Henry VIII – Defender of the Faith? Was firmly against the Protestant revolt but soon a
dispute emerged in 1527
Henry’s motives were not theological but matrimonial & economical
Wanted the Church’s vast wealth: property, labor/services & money
Pope vs. Henry VIII
Henry had one child, daughter – Mary Tudor
Wife was unable to bear a son
Henry VIII wanted an annulment to marry Anne Boleyn – pope said no
Break with Rome
Henry VIII used Parliament to take over the Church in England
Act of Supremacy 1534 – Henry VIII proclaimed supreme ruler of the Church of England
Through a policy of confiscation, Henry VIII redistributed Church wealth & property to secular supporters
Resistant Catholics were executed for treason
Anglican Church established
Henry VIII rejected most Protestant doctrines
Aside from breaking away from Rome & using the English Bible, most forms of Catholicism remained
Married Anne Boleyn, had another daughter – Elizabeth
Henry VIII married four more times & had one son – Edward
Edward VI & Bloody Mary
Edward died in his teens, sister Mary becomes Queen
Determined to return England to Catholicism
Hundreds of Protestants were burned at the stake
Edward VI – king at 10 yrs old
Advisors were devout Protestants
Parliament passed new laws ushering in Protestant reforms
Uprisings were brutally suppressed
The Elizabethan Settlement
Elizabeth became queen in 1558
Elizabeth created a compromise between Protestants & Catholics
Catholic ceremony & ritual were kept
Clergy remained but monarch was head of the Church, not the Pope
Moderate Protestant doctrines were accepted
Church services were conducted in English, not Latin
The Catholic Reformation
Pope Paul III
Set out to revive the authority of the Church in the 1530s & 1540s
To stamp out corruption, he appointed reformers to ‘clean house’
Council of Trent – 1545
Church leaders met to reaffirm the traditional Catholics views Protestants rejected
Created schools to better educate clergy who could challenge Protestant teachings
The Inquisition
Strengthened by Pope Paul
Used secret testimony, torture & execution to root out heresy
Forbidden Books – list of works considered immoral
Included books by Luther & Calvin
The Jesuits Founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1540
New religious order created to combat heresy in Europe
Rigorous religious training, discipline & obedience
Advised Catholic rulers & helped them combat heresy
Established schools to instill Catholic beliefs
Sent missionaries throughout Asia, Africa & the Americas.
Widespread Intolerance: Witch Hunts
Religious frenzy & wars fostered intolerance
Witch Hunts
Btw 1450 & 1750, tens of thousands of men & women died as victims from witch hunts
Victims were social outcasts: beggars, poor widows, midwives & herbalists
Most victims were in Germany, Switzerland & France – areas with brutal religious wars
Widespread Intolerance: Jews
In the 1500s, Jews were placed in ghettos throughout Italy & pressured to convert
Luther hoped Jews would convert to Protestantism – they didn’t
Called for the expulsion of Jews from Christian lands, the destruction of books & property
Some German princes did expel the Jews, others forced them to wear yellow badges
Charles V banned Jews from the Americas
After 1550, many Jews fled to Eastern Europe & the Ottoman Empire
The End